中考英語語法考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞蘇教版

1、透析中考英語語法情態(tài)動詞考點(diǎn)【情態(tài)動詞命題趨勢與預(yù)測】 根據(jù)對情態(tài)動詞部分在全國各地中考試題的分析可知，今后該部分將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)之一。其考查重點(diǎn)為：1、情態(tài)動詞在一般疑問句中的問與答2、情態(tài)動詞表示猜測的用法3、will與shall的用法4、dare與need的用法 【考點(diǎn)詮釋】一、考查情態(tài)動詞的基本用法一些情態(tài)動詞的常用的意義往往為高考考查的焦點(diǎn)，考生須準(zhǔn)確理解其含義并根據(jù)句 子意思選擇正確的情態(tài)動詞。1. must 和 have to 兩者都表示“必須”的意思，但must含有說話人主觀上白看法、態(tài)度； have to則表示客觀上的需要?！究祭?Must we finish giving

2、out the posters today?-Yes, we.It can't be put off any longer.太原市A. canB. mayC. must答案C。解析此題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法?；卮鹩蒻ust引起的一般疑問句，其肯定答語要用 must,不能用 can或 may。 故選 C。-I didn't pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.-I agree. You _ play like that any more. 河南省A

3、. needn'tB. mustn'tC. may not D. wouldn't答案B。解析此處選mustn't,表示“一定不能”“千萬不能”，用較強(qiáng)的語氣來提醒對方不能再玩游戲了。When traffic lights are red. We stop and wait. 南京市A. mayB. canC. mustD.might. 答案C。解析考查情態(tài)動詞，must必須，表示禁止。一 I really like playing computer games!一 I'm afraid you stop , for your study and you

4、r health. 07 宜昌市A. amB. willC. mayD. must答案D。解析答語意思為“為了你的學(xué)習(xí)和健康，恐怕你必須停止玩電腦游戲”，所以must最恰當(dāng)。2. can 和 could兩者都可用來表能力，意為“能夠，會” ；可用來表示許可（常用在口語中）或表示懷疑、驚 異、不相信等態(tài)度（常用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中）?！究祭?Could I borrow your dictionary?-Of course you.陜西省A. canB. mustC. shouldD. will答案A。解析上文的could并不表示過去，而只是一種委婉的說法，所以答語用can更禮貌些。-L

5、isten! Is Tom singing in the classroom?-No. It be Tom. He has gone to Paris. 長沙市 A. may notB. needn'tC. can't答案 C。 解析 因?yàn)闇凡辉谶@里，所以不可能是他。一 Mary， you speak Chinese?一Yes， only a little 北京市A mustB needC mayD can答案D。解析考查情態(tài)動詞，“瑪麗，你會說英語嗎？ "是的，會一點(diǎn)"。故選Do can 表示能夠。3 shall 和 shouldshall 用于第一、三

6、人稱疑問句表示征求對方意：見；用于第二、三人稱肯定句或否定句表示說話人給予對方的“禁止、命令、警告、允諾或威脅等”。should 用來表示建議、責(zé)任、義務(wù)時，可譯為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，此時可用ought to 替換；可用來表示驚訝、憂慮、 贊嘆等不滿情緒（用在疑問句中）； 還可用來委婉地陳述自己的意見?！究祭縎chools allow students at least one hour a day for sports. 安徽省 A. wouldB. mightC. shouldD. could答案C。解析此處用情態(tài)動詞should的用法。should表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)該”的含義比其他三個詞更強(qiáng)些。

7、4 had better 和 would rather"had better+動詞原形"意為"最好做"，否定句式為 had better not。"would rather+動詞原形”意為“寧可，寧愿”，否定句式為would rather not?！究祭?Bob ， may I _your MP4？一Sure But you'd better not it to others 福州市 Alend； lendB lend； borrow C borrow； borrowD borrow ；lend答案 D 。 解析本題考查動詞borro

8、w 和 lend 的區(qū)別 .borrow 和 lend 是一組反義詞，都是 “借”的意思，但相對句子主語來說，borrow 意為“借人”； lend 意為“借出”。由語境可判斷前者是借入，用borrow 后者是借出，用lend。-What about playing football this afternoon, Sam？-I would rather at home thanfootball. It's too hot outside. 南京 A. stay; playingB. stay; playC. to stay; to playD. to stay;playing答案 ：

9、 A。 解析本題考查了would rather 的固定短語的應(yīng)用。譯文為:薩姆，今天下午出去打球怎么樣？和踢足球相比，我寧愿呆在家里，外面太熱。Would rather do A than do B 和做B 比起來，寧愿做A 。5 used to“used to+動詞原形”表示“過去常常做某事”或表示過去的一種慣常狀態(tài)?！究祭縃e used to in the sun, but now he is used toat night. 蘭州 A. read, readB. reading, readC. read, readingD. reading,reading答案 ： C。 解析 考查固定

10、結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。Used 后接動詞不定時，be used to 后接動名詞。故選C。6 need 和 dareYou do it if you really don't want to. 昆明市 A. needn'tB. mustn'tC. can'tD. couldn't答案A。解析考查情態(tài)動詞。本題應(yīng)由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的話，你“沒有必要”做它，所以正確答案為A項。-May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?-Yea, of course. You finish it today. 成者B市A. mustB.

11、mustn'tC. needn't答案C。解析思路分析：根據(jù)句意可知，needn't不必。二、考查情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法1.對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼耐茰y用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”?？隙ǖ耐茰y一般用 must, should, may (might)或can(could),其中，must的語氣最強(qiáng)。意為 “肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“想必是"；should的語氣次之，意為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”，指按常理推測；may(migt) , can(could)的語氣最弱，意為"有時會"、"也許"、"可能"。否定推測分為兩種情況：語氣不

12、很肯定時，常用may/might/could not,意為“可能不"、“也許不”；否定語氣較強(qiáng)時，則用can't,意為“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。【考例】 You be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. 廣東省A. canB. mayC. mustD. need答案C。解析本題考查情態(tài)動詞 must, can, may, need的區(qū)別。本題由題意人手，“你工作了八個小時沒有休息肯定很累?！鼻閼B(tài)動詞must在此表示肯定的推測。一 Look at the boy running o

13、n the ground . Is it Davis?It be him . I saw him go to the teacher's office just now .黃岡市A. mustB can'tC. couldD. might答案B。解析考查情態(tài)動詞。表推測時否定句中用can't。表示“不可能”，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去了老師的辦公室?！菊Z法回顧】1情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1)情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2)情態(tài)動詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶 to的不定式。3)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。

14、4)情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。常見的情態(tài)動詞有:can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared),need等,另外,have to、had better也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞使用。情態(tài)動詞后面必須加動詞的原形。can 和 be able to1) can/could表示能力；可能(過去時用could),只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be ableto可以用于各種時態(tài)。例如：They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能

15、告訴你消息了。2)只用be able to的情況：a.位于助動詞后。b.情態(tài)動詞后。c.表示過去某時刻動作時。d.用于句首表示條件。e.表示成功地做了某事時，用was/were able to,不能用could。例如：He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.他在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之前逃離歐洲。注意：could有時不表示時態(tài)1)提出委婉的請求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。例如：-Could I have the televisio

16、n on? 我能看電視嗎？- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。2）在否定句、疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。例如：He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是壞人。may 和 might1） 表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！He might be at home. 他可能在家。注意： might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)，只是可能性比may 小。2） 成語： may/might as well ，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"

17、;不妨"。例如：If that is the case, we may as well try. 如果情況確實(shí)如此，我們不妨試一試。have to 和 must1） 兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要，must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。例如：My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。（客觀上需要做這件事）He said that they must work hard. 他說

18、他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）2） have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但 must可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。例如：He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顧他姐姐。3） 否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don't have to 表示"不必"， mustn't 表示 "禁止"。例如：You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。You mustn't tell him about it.

19、你不得把這件事告訴他。must表示推測1） must 用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。2） must 表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進(jìn)行式。例如：You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較： He must be staying there. 他現(xiàn)在肯定在那里。He must stay there. 他

20、必須呆在那。3） must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 要接完成式。例如：I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。4） must 表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。例如：-Why didn't you answer my phone call? 為何不接我的電話？-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it. 唉，肯定在睡覺，所以沒有聽見。5）否定推測用can'

21、;t。例如：If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。表示推測的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。例如：I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪兒，可能在武漢。2）情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測。例

22、如：At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 這時，想必我們老師正在批改試卷。should 和 ought to除了上述的用法，兩者還可表示" 想必一定，按理應(yīng)該" 的意思。例如：I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能維持了。It ought to be ready now. 想必現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備好了吧。They should be there by now, I think.現(xiàn)在他們該到那兒了。The poems should be

23、 out in a month at most. 詩集估計最多還有一個月就要出版了。had better表示"最好"，相當(dāng)于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。例如：It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相當(dāng)冷。你最好穿上我的外套。She'd better not play with the dog.她最好不要玩耍那條狗。would rather 表示"寧愿"would rather dowould rather not dowould ratherthan 寧愿而不

24、愿。還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。例如：If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有選擇的余地， 我寧 可輟學(xué)離開這個學(xué)校。I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.我寧愿呆在這兒，而不愿回家。will 和 would注意：1) would like; wo

25、uld like to do = want to 想要,為固定搭配。例如：Would you like to go with me? 想和我一塊去嗎？2) Will you ? Would you like忠示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用 some,而不是any。例如：Would you like some cake? 吃點(diǎn)蛋糕吧。3)否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用 will , 一般不用 would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。Won't you sit down? 你不坐下嗎？情態(tài)動詞的回答方式問句肯定回答否定回答Need you ？Yes, I must.No, I nee

26、dn'tMust you ?No, I don't have to.帶to的情態(tài)動詞帶 to 的情態(tài)動詞有四個： ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如力口上 have got to (=must), be ableto,為六個。它們的疑問、否定形式應(yīng)予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? 他們必須在月底前付帳單嗎？She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.在她十四歲前，她不會打網(wǎng)球

27、。You ought not to have told her all about it.你不應(yīng)該告訴他所有這件事。Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?ought to本身作為情態(tài)動詞使用。其他的詞作為實(shí)義動詞使用，變疑問，否定時，須有do等助動詞協(xié)助。need 和 dare這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動詞用，又可做情態(tài)動詞用。作為情態(tài)動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。need作實(shí)義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶to,而dare作實(shí)義動詞用時，后面的to時常可以被省略。1) 實(shí)義動詞：need (需要，要求) need + n. / to do st

28、h2) 情態(tài)動詞：need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式為 need not。例如：Need you go yet?你要走了嗎？Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了 /不，不急著走?！菊Z法過關(guān)】1. 一 I fill in the check-in form right now, sir? No, you needn ' t. You can complete it this afternoon.A. MayB. CanC. WouldD. Must2. Could I go to the movie this weekend , Da

29、d?一 Yes, you. But you have to come back before nine .A. shallB. mustC. needD. can用心愛心專心3. You play with fire, Tom. It's dangerous.A. needn't wouldn'tB. may notC. mustn't4. As we know, fish die out of water.A. mayB. is going to5. Shall I book some seats for the concert?. I ve already

30、done that.A. Yes, you mayB. No, you mustn'tC. canC. No, you needn't6. I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.No, she be there. I've just seen her there.A. can'tB. mustn'tC. needn'twouldn't 7. You worry about him. He will get well soon.A. need

31、n'tB. can'tC. mustn'tnot8. Schools allow students at least one hour a day for sports .A . wouldB. mightC. should9. You open the door before the train gets into the station.A. don't have toB. mustn'tC. needn'tD.D. willD. I'd rather notD.D. mayD. couldD. maynot10. I was tol

32、d to be here before eight. Oh ,you . I ' m sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.A. mustC. mayD. needn ' t11. May I take this book out of the reading room?.Please read it here.t C. No, you mustn ' tA . CertainlyB. No, you needn12. 一Who' s that woman with Ann?一 I' m not sure.It be her motherA, mayB, canC , willD,