主謂一致 (6)

1、 在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個原則，即大致可歸納為三個原則，即、和和原則。原則。1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。一、語法一致原則一、語法一致原則 語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、

2、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two hours ago.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 由由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或數(shù)或what從句

3、從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What I bought were three English books.What I say and do is helpful to you. 2. 由連接詞由連接詞and或或both and連接起來的連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are classmates.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.1) 若若and

4、所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物或同一概念時，它后面的謂語動詞就應(yīng)或物或同一概念時，它后面的謂語動詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。用單數(shù)形式。The writer and artist has come. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 2) 由由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no, each, every修飾時。修飾時。Every student and every teacher was in the room. 3) more than a (an)/one ，

5、 many a (an) 修飾修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 More than one student likes it.3. 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語，謂語動詞等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。形式。Mr. Green, t

6、ogether with his wife and children, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4. either, neither, each, every或或no +單數(shù)名單數(shù)名詞和由詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.1)

7、在口語中當(dāng)在口語中當(dāng)either或或neither后后跟有跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）”作主語作主語時，其謂語動詞時，其謂語動詞也可用也可用復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)。Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 2) 若若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。None of us has (have) been to America.5. 在定語從句時在定語從句時，關(guān)系代

8、詞關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語時等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, commit

9、tee, population, audience等。等。Class Four is on the third floor.Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意：注意：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。作復(fù)數(shù)。The police are looking for the lost child.7. 由由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分

10、數(shù)+名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful.50% of the students in our class are girls.注意：注意：a number of“許多許多”，作定語修飾復(fù)，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of“的數(shù)量的數(shù)量”，主語是，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。，謂語用單數(shù)。

11、8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。主語一致。Here comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts. 二、邏輯意義一致原則二、邏輯意義一致原則 邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致主語的意義一致（因有時主語形式為單數(shù)，（因有時主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）單數(shù)）。1. what, who, which, any, m

12、ore, all等代詞可等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。定。Which is your bag？Which are your bags？All is going well.All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示表示“時間、重量、長度、價值時間、重量、長度、價值”等的等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是是一個整體一個整體。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten yua

13、n is not much.4. 表數(shù)量的短語表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。形式。3. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。形式。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book.One and a half apples is left on the table.5. 算式算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通

14、常作單數(shù)單數(shù)看待，其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式?？创渲^語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，如：結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及以及news, works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。The paper works was built in 19

15、90.I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, jeans 等詞等詞作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。單數(shù)。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠詞定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞形容詞或分詞”，表示某，表示某一類人時，動詞用數(shù)。一類人時，動詞用數(shù)。 The poor

16、 work harder than the rich.9. aircraft, deer, fish, means, species, series, works, sheep 作主語時根據(jù)意義決定作主語時根據(jù)意義決定The sheep is big.The sheep are eating grass.10. population作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)，當(dāng)涉作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)，當(dāng)涉及人口組成時，用復(fù)數(shù)。及人口組成時，用復(fù)數(shù)。 China has a population of about 1.3 billion.About seventy percent of the population

17、in China are farmers.11. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞名詞, 其短語作主語時其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。謂語動詞用單數(shù)。quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短語短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為意為 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意為意為“少量少量”。A large quantity of people is needed here.A large amo

18、unt of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.12. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不修飾不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)單數(shù); large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其其短語作主語時短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。三、就近一致原則三、就近一致原則 在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞

19、的人稱在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。 1. 當(dāng)兩個主語由當(dāng)兩個主語由either or, neither nor, whether or, not only but also連接時，連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.Are neither they nor he wholly right？2. there be句型句型的的be動詞動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決

20、于其后單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，連接的兩個主語，則應(yīng)與則應(yīng)與靠近靠近的那個主語保持一致。的那個主語保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。如：如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.主謂一致練習(xí)主謂一致練習(xí)1. Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday A. was B. were C. has been D. have been2. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; areAAC4. The number of people invited _