考研英語(yǔ)歷年閱讀真題解析2doc重點(diǎn)詞匯

1、2003 Text 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scien

2、tists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the pr

3、ocess of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged read

4、ers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, "Then I would have to say yes." Asked what will happen when e

5、pidemics return, she said, "Don't worry, scientists will find some way of using computers." Such well-meaning people just don't understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecula

6、r biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as ne

7、w treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could "adopt" middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged

8、 and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personali

9、ties such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 46. The author begins

10、 his article with Edmund Burke's words to _.A call on scientists to take some actions B criticize the misguided cause of animal rights C warn of the doom of biomedical research D show the triumph of the animal rights movement 47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _.

11、A cruel but natural B inhuman and unacceptable C inevitable but vicious D pointless and wasteful 48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's _.A discontent with animal research B ignorance about medical science C indifference to epidemics D anxiety about animal rights

12、 49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.A communicate more with the public B employ hi-tech means in research C feel no shame for their cause D strive to develop new cures 50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.A a well-k

13、nown humanist B a medical practitioner C an enthusiast in animal rights D a supporter of animal research 重點(diǎn)詞匯：paraphrase（n.v.釋意）即para+phrase，para-前綴表“在旁邊、輔助”，phrase即“短語(yǔ)；用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)”，故“用短語(yǔ)輔助表達(dá)”釋意。以para-為前綴的單詞還有paragraph（文章的段、節(jié)；短評(píng)）para+graph寫(xiě)；parameter（參數(shù)）para+meter計(jì)量、parasite（寄生蟲(chóng)）para+site地點(diǎn)。biomedical（生物醫(yī)

14、學(xué)的）bio生物+medic醫(yī)療+al形容詞后綴。respond（v.回復(fù)；響應(yīng)）即re+spond，re-(=back)，spond詞根“請(qǐng)求”，于是“回復(fù)請(qǐng)求”響應(yīng)。One of the few experiences which never pall is the experience for watching one's own interests, responds to new stimuli, and develops new thoughts.令人永不生厭的不多的幾種體驗(yàn)之一，是觀察自己的頭腦，看它是如何產(chǎn)生新的興趣、對(duì)新的刺激作出反應(yīng)及發(fā)展新的思想。advocate（

15、v.提倡n.倡議者；辯護(hù)人）即ad+voc+ate，ad-前綴表“加強(qiáng)”，voc詞根意為“聲音”（即voice，因?yàn)樵艨扇我庠鰷p替換），-ate為動(dòng)詞后綴（作名詞后綴時(shí)表“人”）。argument（辯論；論據(jù)，論點(diǎn)）為argue（v.辯論；主張）的名詞形式。argument the longest distance between two points of view 爭(zhēng)論兩種觀點(diǎn)之間的最遠(yuǎn)距離。Truth is always the strongest argument.事實(shí)永遠(yuǎn)是最強(qiáng)有力的論據(jù)。Never argue at the dinner table, for the one wh

16、o is not hungry always gets the best of the argument.絕不要在餐桌上爭(zhēng)論，因?yàn)槎亲硬火I的人總是占上風(fēng)。allegation（宣稱）即al+leg+ation，al-前綴表“加強(qiáng)”，leg詞根意為“說(shuō)”（如legendleg說(shuō)+end名詞后綴表“物”人們都在說(shuō)的東西傳奇），ation名詞后綴。allege為其動(dòng)詞形式。perplex（使困惑，使復(fù)雜化）即per+plex，per-前綴表“完全”，plex詞根意為“重疊”，故“完全重疊在一起分不清了”困惑。同根詞為complexcom一起+plex重疊在一起的復(fù)雜的；綜合的；聯(lián)合體。brochur

17、e（小冊(cè)子）源自法語(yǔ)，詞形與brother相似兄弟們每人手里拿著本小冊(cè)子。immunization（免疫作用）immune（免疫的；免除的）、immunity（免疫；免除）、immunize（使免疫；使免除）。immuneim+mun+e，im=in表“否定”（因后接字母m，故in變形為im），mun（本為詞根，此不論）可分解為mu+n讀作“母?！弊畛鯙榉捞旎ǘ┬械淖钣行У拿庖叻词窃谀膛Ｉ砩显囼?yàn)出來(lái)的，故謂之“種牛痘”。vaccine（疫苗）即vacc(a)+ine，vacca是拉丁文“?！保ㄩ_(kāi)頭兩字母V和A表帶角牛頭），-ine后綴多用于醫(yī)藥名詞（如medicine），該詞是當(dāng)初科學(xué)家發(fā)

18、表“牛痘”論文時(shí)創(chuàng)造的。vaccination（接種疫苗）vaccin(e)+ation名詞后綴。vaccine a microbe with its face washed 疫苗洗過(guò)臉的微生物。epidemic（流行的；流行?。┡cacademic形似學(xué)術(shù)思潮像流行病一樣流行。deceptive（欺騙的，蒙蔽的）deceive（v.欺騙，蒙蔽）deception（n.欺騙，蒙蔽），類似單詞有receptive（善接受的）receive（v.接收；招待）reception（接收；招待；招待會(huì)）。deceptions the oil to the wheels of life 欺騙生活車輪的潤(rùn)滑油

19、。ultimate（最終的；根本的），馬丁·路德·金（Martin Luther King）說(shuō)：The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.衡量一個(gè)人的最終尺度，不是看他在舒適順利的時(shí)候站在哪里，而是看他在受到非難和爭(zhēng)議的時(shí)候站在哪里。recruit（v.征兵；招募n.新兵；新成員）即re+cruit，re-前綴表“反復(fù)”

20、，cruit詞根意為“創(chuàng)造”（=create，因?yàn)樵糇帜缚稍鰷p替換），玩星際（zerg，哈哈）的時(shí)候不就要拼命“反復(fù)、一再”地create兵嗎？vicious（邪惡的，惡毒的）即vic(e)+ious，vice即名詞“邪惡”，-ious為形容詞后綴。The more virtuous any man is, the less easily does he suspect others to be vicious.任何人越高尚，就越不容易疑心別人邪惡。ignorance（無(wú)知；不知道）即ig+nor(e)+ance，ig-否定前綴，nor詞根表“知道”=know，-ance名詞后綴。ignor

21、ant（無(wú)知的）；ignore（v.忽視）。Not ignorance, but the ignorance of ignorance, is the death of knowledge.不是無(wú)知，而是對(duì)無(wú)知的無(wú)知，才是知識(shí)的死亡。ignorance when you don't know something and somebody finds it out 無(wú)知你不知道某事而又被人發(fā)現(xiàn)了。The more you study, the more you'll find yourself ignorant.越學(xué)習(xí)越會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無(wú)知。ignorant person is one

22、 who doesn't know what you have just found out 無(wú)知的人不知道你剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)的事情的人。extinguish（v.熄滅，滅絕）extinct（a.熄滅的，滅絕的），類似的有distinguish（v.區(qū)別，辨別）distinct（獨(dú)特的，明顯的）。Absence is to love what wind is to fire; it extinguishes the small, it inflames the great.離別之于愛(ài)情有如風(fēng)之于火，它熄滅小火，卻使大火燃燒更旺。bypass 心臟搭橋；embers 灰燼（但火焰尚未完全熄滅）。

23、試題解析：這是一篇論說(shuō)文。文章的內(nèi)容大致是這樣的：作者舉例說(shuō)明許多動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)者并不了解生物醫(yī)學(xué)的真實(shí)情況和意義，而一味地反對(duì)生物醫(yī)學(xué)，使廣大群眾也受到了蒙蔽。針對(duì)這一點(diǎn)，作者指出科學(xué)家應(yīng)采取措施與大眾多交流，避免由于人們的無(wú)知而阻礙了生物醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展。基于這篇文章的5個(gè)小題考查了考生把握文章要義的能力，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力以及推理、引申的能力。從考生的答題情況看，這篇文章的題目是四篇文章中最簡(jiǎn)單的。5個(gè)小題的區(qū)分度都較好。46. A該小題問(wèn)的是作者在篇首引用Edmund Burke的話的含義。這道題與第42小題有類似之處，實(shí)際上考查了考生對(duì)文章主旨要義的理解。篇首的話在篇尾得到了呼應(yīng)：“If g

24、ood people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.”。一首一尾的呼應(yīng)突出了這篇文章的中心：呼喚科學(xué)家們采取行動(dòng)，切勿讓人們的無(wú)知阻礙了醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展。所以應(yīng)該選A。答對(duì)的考生有31.6，屬中等難度的題目，區(qū)分度較好。有43.4的考生選擇了B，錯(cuò)誤的原因在于沒(méi)有抓住文章的中心要義。47. B該題問(wèn)的是受誤導(dǎo)的人們是怎樣看待用動(dòng)物做試驗(yàn)的。從前兩段和第三段的最后一句中，我們了解到，受

25、到誤導(dǎo)的人們認(rèn)為用動(dòng)物做研究是殘酷的、不可思議的。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B最符合原文。A項(xiàng)中提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不對(duì)，正相反，人們認(rèn)為那是非常不合情理的。C項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是“不可避免的，但含有惡意的”，也不正確。D項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是“毫無(wú)意義，浪費(fèi)的”。實(shí)際上，人們的反對(duì)態(tài)度很強(qiáng)烈。D項(xiàng)雖無(wú)原則上的錯(cuò)誤，但是不如B項(xiàng)更貼近原文意思。該題屬于中等難度偏易的題目，區(qū)分度較好。48. B該題主要是考查考生是否理解論據(jù)在文章中的作用，是否能從眾多信息中找出作者的觀點(diǎn)。這個(gè)例子不難理解，說(shuō)的是一位老太太向大家散發(fā)傳單，號(hào)召大家不要用任何來(lái)自于動(dòng)物或在動(dòng)物身上試驗(yàn)過(guò)的東西。當(dāng)問(wèn)及是否反對(duì)使用疫苗時(shí)，老太大并不

26、知道疫苗是從動(dòng)物研究中得來(lái)的。她認(rèn)為，若疫苗也來(lái)源于動(dòng)物，那么就不應(yīng)使用疫苗，流行病自有科學(xué)家們用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)解決?？梢?jiàn)老太太對(duì)科學(xué)的無(wú)知。而她的這種無(wú)知是很普遍的。第二段最后一句話感嘆：“Such well-meaning people just don't understand.”（這些好心人壓根就不明白）。所以答案為B。有部分考生選擇了A，我們一起看一下A為什么不對(duì)。A說(shuō)的是公眾對(duì)動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)的不滿。的確，人們很反感用動(dòng)物做試驗(yàn)，但是，老太太的例子就是為了說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)嗎？這個(gè)論據(jù)反映的是什么論點(diǎn)呢？考生可以從全文的角度看。文章的重點(diǎn)不在描寫(xiě)公眾有多憤怒，而在于指出公眾不滿的根源對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)研究不

27、了解，然后呼喚科學(xué)家們針對(duì)這個(gè)根源采取行動(dòng)。所以老太太的例子反映的是公眾的無(wú)知。A不正確。C、D也是類似錯(cuò)誤。該小題屬中等難度題，區(qū)分度較好。49. A該題考查的是考生對(duì)作者觀點(diǎn)的理解，解題線索可在最后兩段中找出。作者向科學(xué)家們提出的建議都是有助于他們與公眾更好的交流。答案很明顯，是A。該題屬較容易的題，區(qū)分度很理想。50. D該題考查考生的推理能力。從最后一段，我們可以找到線索：“Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients. Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research.”。從這句話中，我們知道Cooper是個(gè)名人，也是病患