機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)英語第二十三單元

1、Unit 23 what is “Mechatronics”?譯文：“機(jī)電一體化“是一個(gè)有日本人描述機(jī)械和電子集成的合成術(shù)語。這個(gè)概念看上去不再新穎，自從我們能觀察四周和看到無數(shù)那些利用機(jī)械和電子學(xué)科的產(chǎn)品。機(jī)電一體化，然而，特別是涉及到許多學(xué)科，結(jié)合方法去生產(chǎn)和制造系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。他代表下一代機(jī)械，機(jī)器人和靈巧機(jī)構(gòu)必須執(zhí)行工作在各種環(huán)境，首要的，工廠自動(dòng)化，辦公自動(dòng)化，家庭自動(dòng)化如圖23.1所示。 By both implication and application, mechatronics represents a new level of integration for advanced

2、manufacturing technology and processes. The intent is to force a multidisciplinary approach to these systems as well as to reemphasize the role of process understanding and control. This mechatronic approach is currently speeding up the already-rapid Japanese process for transforming ideas into prod

3、ucts.譯文：通過兩個(gè)含義和應(yīng)用，機(jī)電一體化代表了一個(gè)集成先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)和過程的新水平。目的是將一個(gè)多學(xué)科的方法用到這些系統(tǒng)以及反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)過程的作用的理解和控制。這個(gè)機(jī)械電子的方法目前加快了日本人已經(jīng)將觀念轉(zhuǎn)化到產(chǎn)品的快速進(jìn)程。Currently, mechatronics describes the Japanese practice of using fully integrated teams of product designers, manufacturing, purchasing, and marketing personnel acting in concert with eac

4、h other to design both the product and the manufacturing system.譯文：目前，機(jī)電一體化闡述了日本人使用充分結(jié)合的隊(duì)伍的實(shí)踐，這一隊(duì)伍包括產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)者、制造人員、采購人員，他們相互一致行動(dòng)，既設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品又設(shè)計(jì)制造系統(tǒng)。The Japanese recognized that the future in production innovation would belong to those who learned how to optimize the marriage between electronic and mechanical

5、systems. They realized, in particular, that the need for this optimization would be most intense in application of advanced manufacturing and production systems where artificial intelligence, expert systems, smart robots, and advanced manufacturing technology systems would create the next generation

6、 of tools to be used in the factory of the future.日本人意識(shí)到生產(chǎn)創(chuàng)新的未來會(huì)屬于那些掌握了怎樣使電子和機(jī)械系統(tǒng)結(jié)合得最優(yōu)的人。他們認(rèn)識(shí)到在用人工智能，專家系統(tǒng)，靈巧機(jī)器和先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)來制造出將來工廠要使用到的新一代工具的制造和生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，尤其需要這種機(jī)電一體化的結(jié)合。From the very beginnings of recorded time, mechanical systems have found their way into every aspect of our society. Our simplest mechanisms,

7、 such as gears, pulleys, springs, and wheels, have provided the basis for our tools. Our electronics technology, on the other hand, is completely twentieth-century, all of it created within the past 75 years.自有時(shí)間記錄以來，機(jī)械系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)在了我們社會(huì)的每一個(gè)方向。我們最簡單的機(jī)構(gòu)，例如：齒輪、滑輪、彈簧、和輪子，組成了人類工具的基礎(chǔ)。在另一方面，我們的電子技術(shù)在過去的75年里創(chuàng)造了整個(gè)二十

8、世紀(jì)。Until now, the electronics were included to enhance mechanical systems performance, but the emphasis remained on the mechanical product. There had never been any master plan on how the integration would be done. In the past, it had been done on a case-by-case basis. More recently, however, becaus

9、e of the overwhelming advances in the world of electronics and its capability to physically simplify mechanical configurations, the technical community began to reassess the marriage between these two disciplines.直到現(xiàn)在，電子產(chǎn)品被用于提高機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的性能，而且強(qiáng)調(diào)保留在機(jī)械產(chǎn)品中。在怎樣做一體化方面從來沒有總體規(guī)劃，在過去，它是在一件一件的基礎(chǔ)上制作出來的。然而，近年來，由于電子世界

10、重要的先進(jìn)性和它對(duì)機(jī)械外形的物理簡化能力，技術(shù)界開始重新評(píng)估這兩個(gè)學(xué)科之間的結(jié)合。The most obvious trend in the direction of mechatronic innovation can be observed in the automobile industry. There was a time when a car was primarily a mechanical marvel with a few electronic appendages. 在機(jī)電一體化改革方向最明顯的趨勢可以在汽車行業(yè)觀察到。曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，汽車主要是一個(gè)有幾個(gè)電子附件組成的機(jī)

11、械奇跡。 First came the starter motor, and then the generator, each maiking the original product a bit better than it was before. Then came solid-state electronics, and suddenly the mechanical marvel became an electro-mechanical marvel. Todays macine is controlled by microprocessors, built by robots, an

12、d fault-analyzed by a computer connected to its “external ieterface connector”. Automo- tive mechanical engineers are no longer the masters of their creations.首先是起動(dòng)機(jī)電機(jī)，然后是發(fā)生器，每個(gè)制造的原產(chǎn)品都比以前更好。然后是固體電子學(xué)，突然變成了一個(gè)電氣機(jī)械的奇跡。今天的機(jī)器是由微處理器控制，建立了機(jī)器人，和故障分析的計(jì)算機(jī)連接到它的“外部接口連接器”。汽車的機(jī)械工程師不再是他們的創(chuàng)作大師。 The process that desc

13、ribes the evolution of the automobile is somewhat typical of other products in our society. Electronics has repeatedly improved the performance of mechanical systems, but that innovation has been more by serendipity than by design. And that is the essence of mechatronics-the preplanned application o

14、f, mechanical and electronics technology to create an optimum product. 這個(gè)過程,描述了在我們的社會(huì)中汽車的進(jìn)化過程中有些典型的其他產(chǎn)品。電子一再提高機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的性能,但是,創(chuàng)新比設(shè)計(jì)更有可能。這是機(jī)電一體化應(yīng)用的本質(zhì)，機(jī)械和電子技術(shù)來創(chuàng)造一個(gè)最佳的產(chǎn)品。 A recent U.S. Department of commerce report entitled “JTECH Panel report on Mechatronics in Japan” compared U.S. and Japanese research an

15、d development trends in specific areas of mechatronics technology. Except for a few areas, the technology necessary to accomplish the development of the next generation of systems embodying the principles of mechatronics is fully within the technological reach of the Japanese.最近美國商務(wù)部的報(bào)告題為“JTECH小組報(bào)告日

16、本的機(jī)電一體化“相比美國和日本在特定領(lǐng)域的機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的研究和發(fā)展趨勢。除了少數(shù)地區(qū),開發(fā)下一代系統(tǒng)需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新技術(shù)體現(xiàn)機(jī)電一體化的原則上是必須在其技術(shù)達(dá)到的日本的程度Comparisons were made in three categories: basic research, advanced development,，and product implementation. Except for machine vision and software, Japanese basic research was comparable to the United States, with th

17、e Japanese closing in fast on machine vision system technology. Japanese artificial intelligence research is falling behind, primarily because the Japanese do not consider it an essential ingredient of their future systems, they appear capable of closing even that gap, if required . In the advanced

18、development and product implementation areas, Japan is equal to or better than the United States, and is continuing to pull ahead at this time .特別是在三個(gè)方面:基礎(chǔ)研究、先進(jìn)的開發(fā),和產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)。除了機(jī)器視覺和軟件,日本的基本研究與美國的相提并論,日本的機(jī)器視覺系統(tǒng)技術(shù)開發(fā)的較快. .日本的人工智能研究落后,主要是因?yàn)槿毡静豢紤]這是他們的未來的一個(gè)重要組成部分,他們表現(xiàn)出的系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉甚至差距,如果需要。在先進(jìn)的開發(fā)和產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)地區(qū)、日本接近或優(yōu)于美國,將領(lǐng)

19、先在一段時(shí)間The Department of Commerce report concluded that Japan is maintaining its position and is in some cases gaining ground over the United States in the application of mechatronics. Their progress in mechatronics is important because it addresses the very means for the next generation of data-driv

20、en advanced design and manufacturing technology. In fact, the Department of Commerce report concludes that this has created a regenerative effect on Japans manufacturing industries.To close the gap, we will need to go much further than creating new tools. If we accept the fact that mechanical system

21、s optimally coupled with electronics components will be the wave of the future, then we must also understand that the ripple effect will be felt all the way back to the university, where we now keep the two disciplines of mechanics and electronics separated and allow them to meet only in occasional

22、overview sessions. New curricula must be created for a new hybrid engineer-a mechatronics engineer. Only then can be assured that future generations of product designers and manufacturing engineers will fully seek excellence in these new techniques. 商務(wù)部報(bào)告結(jié)束后日本保持它的地位，和在某些情況下美國在機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用程序中獲得地位。他們在機(jī)電

23、一體化方面的進(jìn)展是重要的，因?yàn)樗婕暗臄?shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的下一代是手段先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)和制造技術(shù)。事實(shí)上，商務(wù)部報(bào)告的結(jié)論造成了對(duì)日本制造業(yè)再生的影響。 為了減小差距，我們需要進(jìn)一步研究而不僅僅是制造新的機(jī)器，如果我們接受機(jī)械系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化和電子元件將是未來的趨勢，那么我們就不得不明白，它在大學(xué)中的的連鎖反應(yīng)，大學(xué)里，現(xiàn)在我們將機(jī)械學(xué)科和電子學(xué)科分離，而僅僅在偶然的會(huì)議上才會(huì)碰面，所以作為一個(gè)新的復(fù)合工程師，必須建立一門課程機(jī)電一體化工程師，只有這樣，我們才能夠確保將來的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)師和制造工程師能夠利用好這些新技術(shù)。We need to rethink our present-day approach of separating our engineering staffs both fr