英語微生物2010年A卷

1、警示 南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)授予學(xué)士學(xué)位工作細(xì)則規(guī)定：“考試作弊者不授予學(xué)士學(xué)位”。南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)2010-2011學(xué)年第一學(xué)期公共衛(wèi)生與熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)試卷（A）適用班級: 醫(yī)學(xué)英語2008級1、在試卷上寫上姓名和學(xué)號。2、請按題目要求，選擇題答案涂在答題卡上，問答題和翻譯題直接在試卷上相應(yīng)位置作答。3、采用考卷考試，只允許帶1本英漢字典、1本教材和1本配套教材，其他書籍一概不準(zhǔn)帶進考場。4、考試時請嚴(yán)格遵守考場紀(jì)律，獨立完成?？荚囘^程中原則上不允許擅自離開考場。年級： 2008級 專業(yè)： 醫(yī)學(xué)英語本科 學(xué)號： 姓名： 課程學(xué)時數(shù)：60 考試日期：2011年1月21日，考試時長：120分鐘，組卷

2、人：龍北國題序一二三四總分題型A1型題B1型題A2A3/A4型題病例簡答題題量15101010滿分30202030100第 9 頁（共4頁）一、A1型題 （單句型最佳選擇題。每一道考題下面均有五個備選答案。請從中從中選擇一個最合適的答案，并在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置涂黑，以示正確回答。合計15題，每題2分，滿分30分） 1. Which one of the following agents lacks nucleic acid ?下列哪一個選項缺乏核酸?A. Bacteria（細(xì)菌）B. Viruses（病毒）C. Prions（朊病毒）D. Protozoa（原生動物）E. Fungi（真菌）2.

3、 Which lack cell walls and do not synthesize（合成） the precursors （前體）of peptidoglycan （肽聚糖）? 下列哪個缺乏細(xì)胞壁肽聚糖的合成前體？A. Spirochetes（螺旋原蟲）B. Chlamydiae（衣原體）C. L forms（L型菌）D. Protozoa（原生動物）E. Mycoplasmas（支原體）3. Which of the following components is present（存在）in gram-negative（革蘭陰性） bacteria but not in gram-po

4、sitive（革蘭陽性） bacteria ? （下列哪種成分是革蘭陰性菌存在革蘭氏陽性細(xì)菌不存在的呢？）A. Peptidoglycan（肽聚糖）B. Lipid A（脂質(zhì)A）C. Capsule（膠囊）D. Flagella（鞭毛）E. Lipoteichoic acid（磷壁酸）4. Each of the following statements concerning bacterial spores（芽孢） is correct EXCEPT （下列關(guān)于細(xì)菌芽孢的說法錯誤的是）A. They are formed only by gram-positive bacteria（他們只由

5、革蘭氏陽性細(xì)菌形成）B. They can be killed when being heated to 121.3 for 1520 minutes（它們在121.3）C. They contain much less water than bacterial vegetative cellsD. Their survival ability is based on their enhanced metablic activity（他們的生存能力是基于增強代謝活動）E. They are formed under adverse environmental conditions such a

6、s the absence of a carbon source（他們是在不利的環(huán)境條件下形成的,如缺乏碳源）5. Most microorganisms（微生物） pathogenic（病原體） for humans grow best in the laboratory when cultures are incubated at （大多數(shù)對人致病的病原微生物在實驗室的最適宜孵化溫度是）A. 15-20B. 20-30C. 30-37D. 38-50E. 50-556. A 23-year-old woman has ten E. coli （大腸埃希菌）inoculated into h

7、er bladder while having sex. These E. coli have a generation time of 20 minutes. After a lag phase （遲緩期） of 20 minutes, the E coli enter the logarithmic phase of growth. After 3 hours of lag and logarithmic growth, the total number of E. coli is （一個23歲的女人在做愛時有十個大腸桿菌(大腸埃希菌)跑到了她的膀胱里。這些大腸桿菌繁殖一代需要20分鐘。經(jīng)

8、過(遲緩期)的20分鐘,大腸桿菌進入對數(shù)期的增長。經(jīng)過3小時的遲緩期和對數(shù)增長期,大腸桿菌的總數(shù)是）A. 90B. 1280C. 2560D. 5120E. 1 000 0007. Each of the following statements concerning the killing of bacteria is correct EXCEPT （關(guān)于滅菌，下列說法錯誤的是）A. The pasteurization（巴氏滅菌法） of milk kills pathogens but allows many organisms and spores to survive （牛奶的巴氏滅

9、菌殺死病原體但允許許多有機體生存和孢子）B. Seventy five percent ethanol kills less effectively than absolute (100%) ethanol（百分之七十五的乙醇?xì)⒕Ч蝗?100%)乙醇）C. An autoclave uses steam under 15lb/sq of pressure to reach the killing temperature of 121.3D. Some cationic surfactants can kills by increasing the membrane permeability

10、 of bacteria（一些陽離子表面活性劑可以通過增加膜的通透性來殺死細(xì)菌）E. Ultraviolet light kills by causing the formation of thymine dimers in bacterial DNA（紫外線殺死引起細(xì)菌的原理是影響細(xì)菌DNA的胸腺嘧啶二聚體的形成）8. Each of the following statements concerning members of the normal flora（正常菌群）is correct EXCEPTA. Are usually nonpathogens but can cause di

11、sease in immunocompromised patients（通常是不致病的,但可以導(dǎo)致免疫功能低下的患者發(fā)?。〣. Prevent some pathogens from colonizing mucous membranes（防止一些病原體附著在黏膜上）C. Are present in larger numbers in the colon than in other parts of the human body（人體結(jié)腸存在的正常菌群比其他地方的多）D. Are important in keeping the pH of the urine low（是保存尿液PH的重要條

12、件）E. Play an important role in the development of immunologic competence（在免疫中發(fā)揮了重要作用）9. Each of the following statements concerning fungi and bacteria is correct EXCEPTA. Yeasts reproduce by budding（出芽）, whereas bacteria reproduce by binary（二分裂）（酵母出芽，細(xì)菌二分裂）B. Some fungi undergo dimorphic changes whe

13、n they grow in tissue, whereas bacteria do notC. Fungal spores are less heat-resistant than bacterial endospores（比起細(xì)菌內(nèi)孢子，真菌孢子不耐熱）D. Bacterial cells possess peptidoglycan, whereas fungal cells do not（細(xì)菌細(xì)胞具有肽聚糖,而真菌細(xì)胞沒有）E. Both bacterial cells and fungal cells have 70S ribosomes（核糖體）（所有細(xì)菌都有70S核糖體）10. W

14、hich Virus is likely to establish latent infecions ?（哪個病毒可能建立潛伏感染）A. Herpes simple virus（單純皰疹病毒）B. Dengue virus（登革病毒）C. Influenza virus（流感病毒）D. Rotavirus（輪狀病毒）E. Hepatitis B virus（乙肝病毒）11. The ability of a virus to produce disease can result from a variety of mechanisms. Which one of the following s

15、tatements is LEAST likely（下列病毒產(chǎn)生疾病的機制中。最不可能的是）A. Direct cytopathic effect in virus-infected cells（在感染病毒的細(xì)胞直接細(xì)胞病變效應(yīng)）B. Malignant transformation of virus-infected cells（病毒感染細(xì)胞讓其惡性轉(zhuǎn)化）C. Immune response to virus-induced antigens on the surfaces of the virus-infected cells（免疫反應(yīng)病毒誘導(dǎo)感染病毒的細(xì)胞的表面抗原）D. Product

16、ion of an exotoxin that causes damage to host cells（生產(chǎn)的外毒素引起宿主細(xì)胞損傷）E. Empolying some ways to induce host cells apoptosis（凋亡）12. Interferons（干擾素）are an important part of the host defense against viral infections. What is interferons principal mode of action ? （干擾素的作用方式）A. They have direct antiviral a

17、ctivityB. They coat viral particles and block their attachment to cellsC. They induce synthesis of antiviral proteins that inhibit translation or transcription of viruses（它們誘導(dǎo)抗病毒蛋白質(zhì)的合成,抑制翻譯或病毒的轉(zhuǎn)錄）D. They protect the virus-infected cell that produced it from cell deathE. They are synthesized only by

18、virus-infected cells13. Neutralization antibody can bind viruses and deprive them of their infection ability. Which one of the following statements is LEAST likely（中和抗體可以綁定病毒和剝奪他們的感染能力。哪一個最不可能是下列語句）A. Killing viruses directly（直接殺死病毒）B. Changing viral surface conformation（構(gòu)型）to prevent viral absorpti

19、onC. Binding viral epitopes（表位） associated with absorption to keep viruses from entering host cellsD. Forming immune complex which can easily be phagocytosed and cleared by phagocytesE. Combining with surface antigens of enveloping viruses to lead to complement（補體） activation and viral lysis14. Whic

20、h one of the following statements describes an advantage of killed vaccines over attenuated live vaccines ? （下列哪一個語句描述了一種減毒活疫苗的優(yōu)勢?）A. killed vaccines induce a broader range of immune responses than do attenuated live vaccines （死疫苗能引起比減毒活疫苗更廣泛的免疫反應(yīng)）B. killed vaccines more closely mimic natural infect

21、ions than do attenuated live vaccines （死疫苗比減毒活疫苗更類似于自然感染）C. killed vaccines pose no risk that vaccine might be transmitted to susceptible contacts（死疫苗沒有接觸傳播的風(fēng)險）D. killed vaccines are efficacious against respiratory infections because they induce good mucosal immunity（死疫苗對呼吸道感染有免疫作用,因為它們可以誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生粘膜免疫）15

22、. Each of the following statements concerning human immunodeficiency virus is correct EXCEPTA. The virus particle carries an RNA-directed DNA polymerase encoded by the viral genome（病毒粒子攜帶一個RNA指導(dǎo)由病毒基因組編碼的DNA聚合酶）B. The virus consists of two identical of single- stranded RNA (diploid)（病毒是由兩個相同的單鏈RNA構(gòu)成的

23、二倍體）C. The virion is enveloped and enters cells via an interaction with receptor CD4 molecule and coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) on the host cellsD. During infection, the virus synthesizes a DNA copy of its RNA, and this DNA becomes covalently integarated into host cell DNA(在感染過程中,病毒RNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄形成DNA，然后該DNA與宿

24、主細(xì)胞DNA進行整合）E. Purified RNA extracted from the virus particle is infectious（病毒純化的RNA具有感染力）二、B1型題 （配伍題。以下提供了若干組考題，每組題共用五個備選答案，備選答案后有兩個以上的問題，每個問題要從備選答案中選擇一個正確答案，并在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置涂黑，以示正確回答。每個備選答案可選一次以上，也可以一次也不選擇。合計10題，每題2分，滿分20分） 16-17A. Cholera enterotoxin （霍亂腸毒素）B. Tetanospasmin （破傷風(fēng)痙攣毒素）C. Botulinum toxin（肉

25、毒毒素）D. Diphtheria toxin（白喉毒素）E. Shiga toxin（志賀毒素）16. This NADase toxin inactivates elongation factor 2 (EF-2) by attaching ADPR to it, so it can inhibits protein synthesis.17. This toxin causes flaccid paralysis by preventing the release of acetylcholine（乙酰膽堿） at the neuromuscular junction, but it d

26、oes not affect the central nervous system.C18-19A. Vancomycin（萬古霉素，糖肽類）B. Rifampin（利福平，利福霉素類）C. Ceftriaxone （頭孢曲松，頭孢菌素類)D. Ciprofloxacin（環(huán)丙沙星，喹諾酮類）E. Erythromycin（紅霉素，大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類）18. Which antibiotic acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase ?D19. Which antibiotic binds to the 50S ribosoma

27、l subunit and inhibits protein synthesis ?E20-21A. AcyclovirB. ZidovudineC. LamivudineD. OseltamivirE. Interferon20. Nonimmune individuals exposed to influenza A virus can be protected from developing disease by administering21. Which one of the above is a recommended therapy for herpes simplex viru

28、s genital infection?22-23A. Synthetic peptide vaccineB. Killed vaccineC. Attenuated live vaccineD. Subunit vaccine produced using recombinant DNAE. Toxoid vaccine22. Which type of hepatitis B vaccine is currently in use in China ?23. Which type of vaccine is tetanus prevent by immunization with ?24-

29、25A. Hepatitis B virusB. EB virusC. Herpes simple virusesD. human papilloma virus（人乳頭瘤病毒）E. human T cell lymphotropic virus 24. Which is the causative agent of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （鼻咽癌）?B25. A 38-year-old woman with many lifetime sexual partners is diagnosed with cervical cancer. This cancer is

30、 common worldwide and has a sexually transmitted viral etiology. The causative agent of human cervical cancer （宮頸癌）is D三、A2、A3、A4型題（以下提供若干個案例，每個案例下設(shè)若干道考題。請根據(jù)案例所提供的信息，在五個備選答案中選擇一個最佳答案。并在答題卡上將相應(yīng)題號的相應(yīng)字母涂黑，以示正確答案。合計10題，每題2分，滿分20分）26. A 26-year-old woman visits her physician because of an unusual vaginal

31、 discharge. On examination the physician observes a thin, homogeneous, white-gray discharge that adheres to the vaginal wall. The pH of the discharge is 5.5 (normal: 4.3). On Gram stain, many epithelial cells covered with gram-variable rods are seen. bacterial vaginosis（陰道炎）is diagnosed. Which one o

32、f the following normal genital flora is present in greatly decreased numbers in bacterial vaginosis?A. S. epidermidis（表皮葡萄球菌）B. C. albicans（白假絲酵母菌）C. E. coli（大腸埃希菌）D. L. acidophilus（嗜酸乳桿菌）E. G. vaginalis（陰道加德納菌）27. A pregnant woman may give birth to an infant with a severe congenital abnormality, su

33、ch as blindness, neurosensory deafness, microcephaly, or heart disease, if the woman is infected during the first trimester of pregnancy withA. Measles virus（麻疹病毒）B. Mumpus virus（腮腺炎病毒）C. Rubella virus（風(fēng)疹病毒）D. Hepatitis B virus（乙型肝炎病毒）E. Coxsackie virus（柯薩奇病毒）28-3028. A 40-year-old man has HIV/AIDS

34、characterized by a low CD4 count and a high viral load.Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) will be initiated. One of the drugs under consideration is a nucleoside analog that inbibits viral reverse transcriptase and is active against both HIV and HBV. That drug is DA. Acyclvir（無環(huán)鳥苷）B. Amant

35、adine（金剛烷胺）C. Saquinavir（沙奎那韋）D. Lamivudine（拉米夫定）E. Zidovudine（齊多夫定）29. Regarding the HIV/AIDS patient in Question 28, a peptidomimetic agent that blocks virus-mediated cleavage of viral structural protein precursors is chosen as a second drug. That drug isA. AcyclvirB. AmantadineC. SaquinavirD. Lam

36、ivudineE. Zidovudine30. The presumptive diagnosis of HIV infection is made byA. ELISAB. Western blotC. RT-PCRD. Isolation and culture of virusesE. PCR31-32A 24-year-old woman in New York is admitted to the hospital because of jaundice（黃疸）. On workup she is found to have hepatitis C virus infection.

37、31. The major risk factor for HCV infection in the United States isA. Tattoos（紋身）B. Injecting drug useC. Blood transfusionD. Sexual activityE. Working in health care occupations32. Which one of the following drugs is a recommended therapy ?A. AcyclovirB. ZidovudineC. LamivudineD. Oseltamivir（奧塞米韋，達菲

38、）E. Interferon33-35A 15-year-old girl develops severy diarrhea. The stool looks like “rice water.” It is voluminous- more than 1L in the last 90 minutes. She has no fever and seems otherwise normal except th the effects of loss of fluid and electrolytes. Her fecal effluent is examined by darkfield m

39、icroscopy and found to contain comma-shaped organisms. 33. The most likely cause of her illness isA. Clostridium difficile（艱難梭菌）enterotoxinB. Vibrio cholerae （霍亂弧菌）enterotoxinC. Shigella dysenteriae （痢疾志賀菌）Shiga toxinD. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli（腸出血型大腸埃希菌）Shiga toxinE. Staphylococcus aureus（金黃色葡萄球菌）

40、enterotoxin34. The microbial responsible for the patientss diarrhea is a toxin thatA. Blocks EF-2 and inhibits protein synthesisB. Yields increased intracellular levels of cAMPC. Yields increased intracellular levels of cGMPD. Inbibits the release of acetylcholine at the synapseE. Stimulates neural

41、receptors35. The most important thing that can be done to treat the patients isA. To give her ciprofloxacin（環(huán)丙沙星）B. To give her a toxoid vaccineC. To give her the appropriate antitoxinD. To treat her with fluid and electrolyte replacementE. To give her probiotic（益生菌）四、病例分析題（以下提供若干個案例，每個案例下設(shè)若干道考題。請根據(jù)

42、案例所提供的信息，用中文回答，直接做在試卷上，回答要求簡明扼要。合計10題，每題3分，滿分30分）36-40Chief Compiaint A 30-year-old woman with nausea and vomiting for 3 days. History The patient was well until 1 week ago, when she noted some stiffness and swelling in the fingers of both hands; this lasted a few days. Four days ago, malaise（不適）, f

43、atigue（疲乏）, and anorexia（食欲缺乏）began, followed the next day by nausea and vomiting, which have continued to the present. No hematemesis（吐血）or diarrhea has occurred. Upper abdominal aching began yesterday. The smell of food induces nausea. She noticed that her urine was darker than usual today.She is

44、a waitress who smokes 2 packs of cigarettes and drinks a 6-pack of beer per day. She has had 5 sex partners in the last 3 months. No recent travel, transfusions, or intravenous drug abuse. No one else she knows has similar symptoms.Laboratory The results of the serologic tests were as follows: IgM H

45、AV antibody, negative; HBV surface antigen, positive; HBV e antigen, positive; IgM HBV core antibody, positive; HBV surface antibody, negative.Questions（請用中文回答）36. In view of these results, what disease does the patient have?答：37. What is your explanation for the arthralgias （關(guān)節(jié)痛）described an the be

46、ginning of the history ?答：38. What specific antiviral therapy, if any, is available for hepatitis B ?答：38. How did she acquire this disease ?答：40. What would you advise this patient regarding protecting her newborn child if she becomes pregnant ?答：41-45Chief Compiaint A 30-year-old male with a cough

47、 of sevsral weeks duration.History The patient noted the gradual onset of tiredness and loss of appetite about 1 month ago. A week or so later, he felt feverish and the cough began. At first the cough was nonproductive, but for the past week he has brought up several tablespoons per day of greenish

48、sputum that is steaked with blood. He has lost 10 lb during the past month. He is a nonsmoker.Physical Exam T38, BP 124/70, P 80, R 16. The patient does not appear acutely ill.Laboratory Chest x-ray: Infiltrate in posterior segment of right upper lobe with suggestion of a cavity. Gram stain of the s

49、putum revealed mixed flora with no predominant organism. The acid-fast stain showed numerous long, slender, pink rods. A sputum specimen was sent for culture.Questions（請用中文回答）41. In view of these results, what is the most likely diagnosis ?答：42. What is the treatment of choice for this disease ?答：43. Approximately how long after the start of treatment is the patient considered to be infectious for ot