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1、圖表描述專題訓(xùn)練(一)這類作文時(shí),注意以下幾點(diǎn):第一, 審題時(shí),除了要把握好圖表的表層信息外, 還要分析圖標(biāo)的深層含義,如原因、根源、可能的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等。圖表中所提供的說(shuō)明文字往往是問(wèn)題的切入點(diǎn),一定要仔細(xì)分析。第二, 描述數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)要抓住重點(diǎn),為中心服務(wù),不必面面俱到,切忌毫無(wú)目的地羅列圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)。如果數(shù)據(jù)較多,抓住圖表中的極端點(diǎn)(如最大或最小、最多或最少,最好或最差)和基本相同進(jìn)行描述。第三, 主題句應(yīng)明確,最好放在文章的開(kāi)頭,這樣會(huì)使重點(diǎn)突出,主題明了。圖表范例一Students Use of Computers例文: Students Use of Computers提綱: 1. 上圖所示
2、為某校大學(xué)生平均每周使用計(jì)算機(jī)的時(shí)間: 1990年(2 hours), 1995年 (4 hours), 2002年 (14 hours),請(qǐng)描述其變化; 2. 請(qǐng)說(shuō)明發(fā)生這些變化的原因(可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加以說(shuō)明); 3. 你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么困難或問(wèn)題。 參考范文(1)Student Use of ComputersAs is clearly shown in the chart, the number of hours students spent on computers increased from two to four hours per we
3、ek from 1990 to 1995. Especially, the number rose to about 14 hour per week in 2002.There are three factors leading to the change. To begin with, the price of computers is getting much lower than before so that many students can afford it. In addition, it is very convenient for us to study with the
4、help of computers. For example, e-mails enable us to keep in touch with our teachers and friends. Last but not least, with fast development of the modern society, a computer has become a must for many people. To sum up, low price, convenience and wide use contribute to the increase in the use of com
5、puters.As for me, student use of computers is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it is a good helper in searching for information, drawing pictures, etc. One the other hand, various computer games might distract students from their studies. In brief, computers can serve us well if they are used
6、in the right way. 學(xué)生使用電腦如圖表所示,學(xué)生花在電腦上的時(shí)間從每周1995小時(shí)增加到四小時(shí),從1990小時(shí)增加到了12小時(shí)。特別是,這個(gè)數(shù)字在2002上升到每周14小時(shí)。導(dǎo)致這一變化的原因有三個(gè)。首先,計(jì)算機(jī)的價(jià)格比以前低得多,所以許多學(xué)生買得起。此外,在電腦的幫助下學(xué)習(xí)是非常方便的。例如,電子郵件使我們能夠與我們的老師和朋友保持聯(lián)系。最后但并非最不重要的一點(diǎn)是,隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的迅速發(fā)展,計(jì)算機(jī)已成為許多人的必用之物??傊?,低廉的價(jià)格,便利的使用和廣泛的使用有助于計(jì)算機(jī)的使用增加。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),學(xué)生使用電腦是把雙刃劍。一方面,它是搜索信息、畫(huà)畫(huà)等的好幫手;另一方面,各種各樣的電腦
7、游戲可能分散學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的注意力。簡(jiǎn)言之,如果計(jì)算機(jī)被正確使用,計(jì)算機(jī)就能很好地為我們服務(wù)。參考范文(2)Student Use of ComputersAs is clearly shown in the chart, the average number of hours a student spent on computers increased from two to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. Especially, the number reached approximately 14 hour per week in 2002. Wh
8、y are there such great changes during these days?There are three factors leading to this phenomenon. Firstly, because of the sharp decline in the price of computers, most college students can afford one. Secondly, the Internet provides access to various kinds of information students are interested i
9、n. Finally, playing computer games or surfing online is relaxing. To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.As for me, computers do bring convenience to students; however, it is no good fro students to spend too much time chatting online or playi
10、ng computer games. In brief, in spite of the problems concerning the use of computers, we cant deny that computers are of more merits than defects.學(xué)生使用電腦如圖表所示,學(xué)生花在電腦上的平均時(shí)間從每周1995小時(shí)增加到四小時(shí),從1990小時(shí)增加到了1小時(shí)。特別是,在2002,這個(gè)數(shù)字每周大約達(dá)到14小時(shí)。為什么這些天有這么大的變化?導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象的原因有三個(gè)。首先,由于計(jì)算機(jī)價(jià)格的急劇下降,大多數(shù)大學(xué)生都能負(fù)擔(dān)得起。第二,因特網(wǎng)提供學(xué)生對(duì)各種信息的興
11、趣。最后,玩電腦游戲或上網(wǎng)是放松。總之,低廉的價(jià)格,容易獲取信息和廣泛使用使學(xué)生們大量使用計(jì)算機(jī)。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),電腦確實(shí)給學(xué)生帶來(lái)了方便,然而,學(xué)生花太多時(shí)間上網(wǎng)聊天或玩電腦游戲是沒(méi)有好處的。簡(jiǎn)言之,盡管計(jì)算機(jī)使用方面有問(wèn)題,但我們不能否認(rèn)計(jì)算機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)多于缺點(diǎn)。Sample 1Financial Sources of College StudentsFrom the table, we can see clearly that Chinese college students and their American peers rely on different financial sources
12、for their life and study. About 90% of Chinese students get money from their parents. In contrast, only 45% of American students resort to this way. About 40% of American students depend on part-time jobs for income, but only 5% of Chinese students do so. Scholarship is the financial source for 15%
13、of American students, whereas only for 5% of Chinese students.There are several reasons leading to this difference. On the one hand, independence is greatly honored in American society, and students would be proud to depend on themselves. Besides, they have a more flexible schedule so they can have
14、more time to do part-time jobs. On the other hand, some Chinese students take their parents financial support for granted. Similarly, parents believe its their duty to finance their childrens educationI think with the reform in college education, this tendency in China may be changed. The widespread
15、 adoption of credit-system will give Chinese students more time and flexibility to pursue part-time jobs and get more independence from their parents. Also, with the passage of time, both the students and the parents ideas will change greatly. Thus, more and more Chinese college students are sure to
16、 rely on themselves rather than on their parents for finance.示例1大學(xué)生財(cái)務(wù)來(lái)源從表中我們可以清楚地看到,中國(guó)大學(xué)生和美國(guó)同齡人依靠不同的金融來(lái)源來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)和生活。大約90%的中國(guó)學(xué)生從父母那里得到錢。相比之下,只有45%的美國(guó)學(xué)生采用這種方式。大約40%的美國(guó)學(xué)生依靠兼職來(lái)獲得收入,但只有5%的中國(guó)學(xué)生這樣做。獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是15%的美國(guó)學(xué)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源,而只有5%的中國(guó)學(xué)生。導(dǎo)致這種差異的原因有好幾個(gè)。一方面,獨(dú)立在美國(guó)社會(huì)中受到極大的尊重,學(xué)生們將為依靠自己而自豪。此外,他們有更靈活的時(shí)間表,以便他們有更多的時(shí)間做兼職工作。另一方面,一些中
17、國(guó)學(xué)生把父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)資助視為理所當(dāng)然。同樣,父母認(rèn)為他們有責(zé)任為孩子的教育提供資金。我認(rèn)為大學(xué)教育的改革,在中國(guó)這種趨勢(shì)可能會(huì)改變。普遍采用學(xué)分制將使中國(guó)學(xué)生有更多的時(shí)間和靈活性來(lái)從事兼職工作,并從父母那里獲得更多的獨(dú)立性。而且,隨著時(shí)間的推移,學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)的觀念都會(huì)發(fā)生很大的變化。因此,越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)大學(xué)生要依靠自己,而不是依靠父母來(lái)理財(cái)。Sample 2Financial Sources of College StudentsAccording to the table, the number of Chinese students who get money from their paren
18、ts doubles that of American ones, 45% and 90% respectively. But the percentage of American students who depend on part-time jobs is much larger than that of Chinese ones. It can also be seen clearly that scholarship is the financial source for 15% of American students, while only for 5% of Chinese s
19、tudents.Several factors can account for the above difference. For one thing, independence is highly honored in American society and students take great pride in self-reliance. For another, American students have a more flexible schedule so they can have more time to do part-time jobs. Another contri
20、buting factor is that both Chinese students and their parents take parents financial support for granted.The tendency for Chinese college students to rely on their parents for finance may be changed. The widespread adoption of credit-system will give Chinese students more time and flexibility to pur
21、sue part-time jobs and get more independence from their parents. Whats more, great changes may take place not only in the students ideas but also in their parents, which, in turn, will lead Chinese students to regard it as a pride to be self-reliant.大學(xué)生財(cái)務(wù)來(lái)源根據(jù)表格,中國(guó)學(xué)生從父母那里得到的錢是美國(guó)學(xué)生的兩倍,分別是45%和90%。但是,依賴
22、兼職工作的美國(guó)學(xué)生的比例要比中國(guó)學(xué)生高很多。也可以清楚地看到,獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是15%的美國(guó)學(xué)生的金融來(lái)源,而只有5%的中國(guó)學(xué)生。有幾個(gè)因素可以解釋上述差異。一方面,獨(dú)立在美國(guó)社會(huì)中備受尊敬,學(xué)生們?yōu)樽粤Ω械阶院?。另一方面,美?guó)學(xué)生有更靈活的時(shí)間表,以便他們有更多的時(shí)間做兼職工作。另一個(gè)原因是中國(guó)學(xué)生和他們的父母都把父母的經(jīng)濟(jì)資助視為理所當(dāng)然。中國(guó)大學(xué)生依靠父母理財(cái)?shù)膬A向可能會(huì)改變。普遍采用學(xué)分制將使中國(guó)學(xué)生有更多的時(shí)間和靈活性來(lái)從事兼職工作,并從父母那里獲得更多的獨(dú)立性。更重要的是,不僅在學(xué)生的觀念上,而且在他們的父母身上,也會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化,這將引導(dǎo)中國(guó)學(xué)生把它看作是自立的驕傲。如何用英語(yǔ)描述圖
23、表一、圖表類型基本單詞圖表類型:table(表格)、chart(圖表)、diagram(圖標(biāo))、graph(多指曲線圖)、column chart(柱狀圖)、pie graph(餅圖)、tree diagram(樹(shù)形圖)、餅圖:pie chart、直方圖或柱形圖:bar chart/histogram、趨勢(shì)曲線圖:line chart/curve diagram、表格圖:table、流程圖或過(guò)程圖:flow chart/sequence diagram、程序圖:processing/procedures diagram 二、圖表描述基本詞語(yǔ)1、 描述:show、describe、illustr
24、ate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent2、 內(nèi)容:figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion三、常用的描述句型The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that)According to the table/chart diagram/graphAs (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures,
25、figures/statistics shows (that)It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is apparent from the figures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates圖表圖表顯示了這一點(diǎn)。根據(jù)表格/圖表/圖
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