人教初中英語情態(tài)動詞知識點及練習(xí)題

1、初中英語情態(tài)動詞知識點及經(jīng)典練習(xí)題情態(tài)動詞知識點總結(jié)：（一）情態(tài)動詞的定義    情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對動作的態(tài)度，比如：需要，可能，意愿，猜測或者懷疑等等。（二）情態(tài)動詞的特點  1）有一定詞義；2）不受主語人稱和數(shù)的變化影響；3）與主要動詞的原形（或稱不帶to的不定式）一起構(gòu)成謂語（除ought to作固定詞組看待）。 4）否定句中，在情態(tài)動詞后面加not。（三）情態(tài)動詞有：must, shall, should, had better 詞形無變化 can(could), may(might), will(would) 詞形有變化

2、need既可以是情態(tài)動詞，也可以是實義動詞，具有雙重性。（四）情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1. can (could)1）表示會做某事，有能力做某事。意思 = be able to 其否定式cant表示“不能”。在過去時中用could和couldnt. （即有種能力，尤其是生來具備的能力，此時may和must均不可代替它）。He can speak English, but he cant speak Japanese.= He is able to speak English, but he isnt able to speak Japanese.I could smile but I couldnt

3、 speak when I was 2 months old. = I was able to smile but I wanst able to speak when I was 2 months old.區(qū)別：1、 can只用于現(xiàn)在時和過去時(could), be able to 可用于各種時態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 2、be able to 不與can連用，但可以和其他情態(tài)動詞或助動詞連用。He may be able to speak English very well some day in the future.

4、3、用在過去時中，could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實上不一定去做，而waswere able to則表示“過去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。2）用于征求意見Can /Could /May /Might I(we) do sth?Yes, you can/may. / Of course you can.No(Sorry), you cant. /mustnt.注意：此處的could和might都不表示過去，只是語氣上的委婉，不用作回答。 否定回答中，表示對他人造成一定傷害或影響，或表示違反了某種規(guī)定或法律時，用mustnt較好。 e.g. Could I take the book ou

5、t of the library? Sorry, you mustnt. May I smoke here? Im afraid you mustnt. 表示過去能力時，could 提問，只能用could回答。 e.g. Could you ride a bike when you were 4 years old? No, I couldnt. 3）表提出意見或請求Can/Could you (please) do sth? = Would you (please) do sth? （此句型中some 不變any）e.g. Could you please give me a hand? W

6、ould you please pass me some salt?4）表示允許或承諾 =may e.g. OK. You can /may come and find me at any time tomorrow.5）表示有一定把握的推測，用于否定句和疑問句。此時cant譯為“不可能” 肯定句用must。表示沒有把握的推測，用may /might。e.g. The window is broken. Who did it? It may be Mary. It cant be Mary. The window is in the mens toilet. Can it be anyone

7、else? Then, it must be Bob. I saw him go into the toilet just now.He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car.   他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。【例題】I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.No. She _be there, I have just been there. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt【解析】根據(jù)下文

8、“我剛?cè)ミ^那兒”可知，應(yīng)為“不可能”，cant表示推測答案 A2. may (might)may 表示“可以，可能”，否定形式may not，表示“不可以”。1） 表示沒有把握的推測，“可能，也許”?？梢灾高^去時間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時間，但語氣更加不肯定。e.g. He may have a lot of work to do. = Maybe he has a lot of work to do. You may be right. = Maybe you are right.2）表示請求 “我可以嗎？” 表示請求、許可，比can正式 e.g. You may /can go now.May I

9、 use your pen? Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Go ahead.No, you cant. / mustnt. 在回答以may引起的問句時，多避免用這個詞，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dont ./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等，以免顯得太嚴(yán)峻或不客氣。3）、 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，?？勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你過得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福！May you

10、 succeed！祝你成功！3. mustmust 表示“必須，肯定，一定”， 否定形式mustnt = must not表示“禁止”。1）表示必須，意思同have to e.g. Must I do it now? Yes, you must. No, you dont have to. / No, you neednt. (注意：否定回答不用mustnt) Children mustnt play on the road because its too dangerous. (mustnt只表“禁止”) He doesnt have to go away from here. =He ne

11、ednt leave here.區(qū)別：must表達(dá)主觀意愿的“必須”，have to表達(dá)客觀上或按道理說“不得不”。 e.g. I must study hard. Its too late. I have to go now. must 沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，而have to有。 e.g. He had to walk back home because he lost all his money. Mom will be away for a week, so we will have to do the cooking by ourselves.2）表示有把握的肯定句中的推測，“肯定，一

12、定”，只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale.   他準(zhǔn)是病了。他的臉色蒼白。注意其反意問句的構(gòu)成形式：當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測時，其反意疑問句要用實際問句的助動詞來構(gòu)成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)4.needneed 表示“需要”，否定形式neednt = need not “不必、不

13、需要”1)、作情態(tài)動詞，僅用于否定句和疑問句。 e.g. He neednt go home early yesterday. = He didnt need/have to go home early yesterday. Need I call him right now? Yes, you must.(注意：肯定回答不用need) No, you neednt. /No, you dont have to.2）、作實義動詞，此時有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語后邊多接動詞不定式：need sth./sb. need to do sth. 否定形式dont need to = don

14、t have to 表示“不必” e.g. I need some help. He needed to go home early yesterday. Do I need to call him right now? Yes, you do. / No, you dont. 如果是物作主語，一般用need doing與need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點：.主動形式的動名詞doing具有被動的含義；.該動名詞可以改為其動詞不定式的被動形式而句子的意義不變。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.

15、那扇門需要油漆一下。Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的車需要維修了。3）、 need 作名詞 be in (great) need of sth = need sth (badly) “非常需要某物” meet the need “滿足需要（需求）” there is/was no need (for sb) to do sth “某人沒必要做某事”5. dare的用法：dare意為“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有兩種詞性：（1）dare作為情態(tài)動詞，多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中，無第三人稱單數(shù)形式，只有一

16、般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。如：Dare he tell them what he knows?他敢告訴他們所知道的情況嗎？I darent ask her will you do it for me?我可不敢問她，你能幫我問問嗎？（2）dare作為實義動詞，此時有人稱、數(shù)及時態(tài)的變化。如：He doesnt dare to break his promise.他不敢食言。注意：在口語中，dare的各種形式常與不帶to的不定式連用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告訴她我說的話嗎？I didnt dare look at him.我不敢看他歸納：need和d

17、are的用法    1、need和dare既可用作情態(tài)動詞，也可用作實義動詞。用作情態(tài)動詞時，通常不用于肯定句而主要用于否定句和疑問句。用作實義動詞時，可用于各種句式。 2、其他用法：I dare say為固定習(xí)語，不是“我敢說”而是“我想”。I dare day hell come again.   我想他會再來的。 Neednt have done:表示本沒必要做而做了6. shall的用法：1）表征詢意見，用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。Shall I get some tea?   我給你點茶好嗎？Shall t

18、he boy wait outside?  讓那男孩在外面等嗎？2）表說話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。You shall do as I say.   按我說的做。（命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow.   你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。（允諾）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.   有一天他會后悔的，我告訴你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carryi

19、ng out the plan.  什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項計劃。（決心）歸納：在英語中，我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對方意見。(1).用“Let's do.”來提出建議。如：Let's go for a walk after supper.(2).用“What/How about.?”來提出建議；about后接名詞或動詞ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us?(3).用“Why not.?”來提出建議，表示“何不”not面后接

20、動詞原形。“Why not.?”實際上是“Why don't you/we.?”的簡略形式。如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why don't we stay here another day?(4).用“Would you like.?”來提出建議，意思是“你想要嗎?”Would you like后可接名詞或不定式。如：Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her?因此，如果我們說：“去游泳好嗎?”英語中可有這樣幾種表達(dá)法：Shall we go

21、 for a swim?Let's go for a swim，shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim?6、 will的用法1）、表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句?！霸敢狻盜 will do anything for you.   我愿為你做任何事。2）、表請求，用于疑問句。Will you close the window? Its a b

22、it cold.   請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？有點冷。Wont you drink some more coffee?   再來一點咖啡好嗎？注意：1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式變換。由于“一般將來時”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以用“will+動詞原形”來表示，所以there be句型的一般將來時的形式就是there will be。（一定不能說there will have）例如：There are many students in our school.There will be many students in our school. There w

23、ill be a sports meeting next week.一定不能說：There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will與be going to do something區(qū)別：. be going to表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. be going to表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。He is seriously ill

24、. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. be going to含有“計劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒有這個意思，如：She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用be going to,而多用will,如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.7. should的用法1）、表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。否定形

25、式 shouldnt = should not表示“不應(yīng)該”You should be polite to your teachers.   你對老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。2）、表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計”等。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.   這部新電影是一流演員主演的，估計拍得很好。They should be home by now.   照說他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)到家了。8.would的用法1）表意愿I said I would

26、do anything for you.   我說過我愿意為你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。常見句型：表請求Would you please do? OK. / Sorry, . Would you like sth? Yes, please. / No, thanks. Would you like to do sth? Id love to. Id love to, but. (注意：以上句型中，some不變any)9. ought to 1）表義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”（因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做），口氣比should稍重。You oughtnt to smoke so

27、 much.   你不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。2）表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱。Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.  今天有晚霞，明天應(yīng)該是個好天。10、used to 表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在不復(fù)發(fā)生或存在。疑問式和否定式有兩種。I usednt (didnt use) to smoke.   我過去不抽煙。Used you (Did you use) to go to school on foot?   你過去常步行去學(xué)校嗎？11

28、、had better do表示“最好是做”，否定形式 had better not do e.g. Youd better not drink so much coffee.區(qū)別：Its better for you to do more exercise and not to have so much junk foo歸納：一、不同情態(tài)動詞的否定意義也不同：1.（1）.cant可譯為“不會”，如：I cant play basketball.我不會打籃球。（2）當(dāng)句子表推測時，用cant表達(dá)不可能，如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom

29、.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。（3）cant還可用來回答“ May I ? ”這樣的問句。如：May I come in ? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎？No, you mustnt. / cant.不，你不能。（4）cant還可用于固定習(xí)語中。cant help doing禁不住，情不自禁cant wait to do something迫不及待地要做如：She cant help crying.她不禁大哭起來。The children cant wait to open the box.孩子們迫不及待地想打開盒子。2. may的否定式為may not，譯成“可能不”，如：He may not be

30、 at home.他也許不在家。3.（1）mustnt表示不許，不可。如：He mustnt leave his room.他不許離開他的房間。You mustnt talk in class.你們不可以在課上說話。 (2) mustnt也可用于以may表示要求時的否定回答中。如：May I stand here? 我可以站在這里嗎？No, you mustnt (cant).不，不行。4.（1）neednt意為“不必”。如：You neednt meet him unless youd like to.你不需要見他，除非你愿意。（2）neednt + have+動詞的過去分詞，表沒必要做而做

31、了的動作，暗含時間或精力上的浪費。如：You neednt have bought it.你沒必要買它（但你卻買了）。5. shouldnt表示不應(yīng)該。如：You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things.對于這種小事，你不應(yīng)該感到這么不高興。二、含有情態(tài)動詞的疑問句的回答:1.對may引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustnt. No, you cant.2.對must引出的疑問句，回答方式為：Yes, must. No,

32、 neednt/ dont have to.3.could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能幫我個忙嗎？Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎?Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑問句用于第一人稱，表示征求對方意見或客氣的請求。其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)Sure . (Im sorry , I

33、cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.【例題】Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?_.A.Thats right B.With pleasure C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble【解析】A.意為“對了”，B.意為“樂意效勞”, C.意為“沒關(guān)系” D.意為“不費事”。答案：B三、:情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法:1、“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的推測。1）、can表示推測時一般用于否定

34、句或疑問句。如：That man cant be her husbandshe is still single.Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman?2）、must表示肯定的推測，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now，for the lights in his office are still on.3）、might表示推測時不一定是may的過去時，只是表示其可能性較小。如：The man may be the headmaster.Whe

35、re is Mr Li?He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come?He might not come here.4）、Could表示推測時，語氣can比要弱，說話者留有余地。如：Could it be an animal?It could not be，because it is not moving.5）、Should表示推測的可能性比較大，僅比must的可能性小一點。如：It is already 10 oclock now they should be there.2、情態(tài)動詞表示對過去可能發(fā)生的動作或存在過的動作的推測性用法。1

36、）、“must +have done/been-”表示“過去一定發(fā)生過某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”，不用于“musnt+have-”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)2）、“should +have done /been-”表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實際上并沒有做”；“shouldnt+完成式”表示“本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說話者的責(zé)備的感情

37、色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).You shouldnt have gone to bed when you woke up at five (but in fact you went to bed again then).3）、“neednt+完成式”表示“本來沒有必要做某事，而實際上卻做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried .4）、“cant /couldnt+

38、have done /been-”表示“過去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”。如：I saw him just now. He cant have gone to Japan.She said the man couldnt have stolen her car.5）、“could+have done/been-”表示“過去本來能夠，可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài)，而實際上沒有”，說話者有些遺憾。“could sb. have done /been-？”是它的問句形式。如：You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New Yo

39、rk (but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel .) Could Mr Li have helped this girl student?6）、“may/might+完成式”表示“過去可能，本來可以于某事而實際上沒有干”，might的可能性較小，語氣較弱。如：He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help，however bus she was.拓展：情態(tài)動詞后跟進(jìn)行式，表示“想必正在”，“可能正在”，“應(yīng)當(dāng)正在”等意。 Its twelve ocloc

40、k. They must having lunch.   現(xiàn)在是十二點。他們一定正在吃飯。 They may be discussing problem.   他們可能正在論討這個問題。 He cant be telling the truth.   他說的不可能是真話。 She shouldnt be working like that. Shes still so weak.  她不應(yīng)當(dāng)那樣干，她身體仍那么虛。情態(tài)動詞易混點歸納易混點一: can和be able to:兩者表示能力時用法相同，但can只有原形“

41、can”和過去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時態(tài)中要用be able to來表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過努力，花費了時間和勞力之后才能做到某事。易混點二:can和may1. can和may均可用來征求意見或許可，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎？2. can和may表示可能性時的區(qū)別：1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can2)在疑問句中表示推測用can，不用might，may，must3)在否定句中用cant（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她

42、可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒？That cant be true.那不可能是真的。易混點三: may be和maybe 用法區(qū)別 常用位置may be may為情態(tài)動詞，be為動詞原形 句中，作謂語maybe 副詞，大概、也許，相當(dāng)于perhaps 句首，作狀語例如：He may be wrong , but Im not sure.也許他錯了，但我也不確定。易混點四：cant和mustnt1. cant根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為：（1）不會。如：I cant speak English .我不會說英語。（2）不能。如：We cant do it no

43、w because its too dark.天太黑了，我們現(xiàn)在干不了。（3）否定句中表示推測?！安豢赡堋?，如：The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.那個人不可能是咱們老師，他年輕得多。2. mustnt意為“禁止、不許”，用來表達(dá)命令，表示強烈的語氣。如：You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危險了。易混點五：must和have to1.must側(cè)重于個人意志和主觀上的必要。have t

44、o側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時。2. have to可以用于多種時態(tài)；而must只用于一般現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。易混點六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do/ be used for doing sthused to do表示過去常常發(fā)生的動作，強調(diào)過去，只用于過去，注意用to do，不用doing形式； be used

45、 to doing意為“習(xí)慣做”，be可有各種時態(tài)；be used to do意為“被使用去做,”為被動語態(tài)形式。be used for doing sth“用作”如：My father used to eating meat.我父親過去起床晚，但現(xiàn)在不得不早起了。She is used to eating meat.她習(xí)慣吃肉。He wasnt used to eating in a restaurant.他不習(xí)慣在飯店吃飯。A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用來割東西)/ A knife can be used to cut things

46、.(刀可以用來割東西)經(jīng)典練習(xí)題：1. I _ you, because I I must be wrong.  A. dare not ask   B. dare not  C. dare not asking   D. dare to not ask2. There _ some flowers in the garden.  A. were used to be   B. used to be   C. uses to be   D. us

47、ed to be having3. "_ I take it out?"   "I'm sorry, you _."  A. Could .couldn't   B. Might.might not    C. Could.can   D. May.can't4. You were stupid to climb tree. You _ hurt yourself.  A. may 

48、 didn't you ?  A. should post   B. should have posted   C. must have posted   D. ought to post.6. All the lights are on, miths _ up.  A. must get   B. is getting   C. must be getting   D. would get7. He _ lead a but he _ not make it drink.  A. will.can   B. may.can   C. may.dares   D. dare.can8. "Need we do this job now?"    "Yes, _."  A. you need   B. you should   C. you must