高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句之學(xué)案

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句之學(xué)案概念1.由一個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ)，修飾句中一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可以修飾整個(gè)句子或句中的部分內(nèi)容，這樣的從句就是定語(yǔ)從句，被其修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。2.關(guān)系詞分為兩大類，即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，其作用一是引出一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，二是代替其所修飾的先行詞，三是在句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)句子成分。關(guān) 系 詞所 指 先 行 詞在 從 句 中 所 擔(dān) 成 分關(guān)系代詞that物，人，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因主，表，賓which物，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因主，賓who人主，賓whom人賓whose物，人定as物，人主，表，賓關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間狀where地點(diǎn)狀why原因狀定語(yǔ)從句的做題步驟(三部曲)1）、首劃先行詞，

2、區(qū)分人或物 2）、分析定語(yǔ)從句中缺何種成分 3）、根據(jù)分析，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞例句充當(dāng)成分The man who/that helped you is Mr White.在定從中作_That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定從中作_，可_He is the father whose son studies very well in our class.(=the son of whom)在定從中作_I´m not the fool that you thought me to be.在定從中作_He is such a laz

3、y man as nobody wants to work with.在定從中作_The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定從中作_A dictionary is a useful book which/that tells us the meaning of words在定從中作_He lives in a room whose window faces south.(=the window of which)在定從中作_It is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定從中作_

4、As is known to all, he is the best student.在定從中作_Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?在定從中作_=_The house where they live is not very large.在定從中作_=_This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定從中作_=_（一）關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析1.通常只能用that的情況1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all, much, little, few, none, , anything, n

5、othing，everything等時(shí) (something后可以用which)。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒(méi)有什么能阻止他不干那件事。2）先行詞被any, every, no ,all，little,few等修飾時(shí)。Few books that are on the subject are left.3）先行詞既指人又指物時(shí).They talked about things and persons that they remembered。4）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。The first p

6、lace that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 5）先行詞被the very, the only, the last,one of ,just, right等修飾時(shí)Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. This is the very /right book that I want. This is just /right the book that I want.6）先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞w

7、ho, which時(shí)或先行詞 在由which, who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)。Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?Which is the car that hit the boy?7）.關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。He is not the man that he was.（他已不是過(guò)去的他了）=He is not what he wasThis is no longer the village that it used to be.8) 在there be 句型中There is a seat in the corner that

8、is still free.2通常只能用which的情況1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾某物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)。He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.2)如果句中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)用了that,另一個(gè)最好用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.3)先行詞本身就是that時(shí)。I have that which you gave me.我有你給的那個(gè)。4)介詞之后

9、須用which. This is the one of which Im speaking. 這就是我所講的那個(gè)。5).當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。This is the dictionary which, as I have told you, will help you with English3 只能用who 的情況先行詞是指人的不定代詞one, ones, nobody, everyone, anyone或all時(shí)。Anyone who does not study hard may fail the exam.先行詞是those和people時(shí)。Those who break the r

10、ule must be punished.在there be開(kāi)頭的句中。There is a young man who wants to see you.先行詞是I,he，they等人稱代詞時(shí)（常見(jiàn)于諺語(yǔ)中）He who plays with fire gets burned.He, who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。Peter, who is your friend, will give you a hand when you are in trouble.4.關(guān)系代詞whose的用法Whose是關(guān)

11、系代詞who與which的所有格形式，用作名詞的限定語(yǔ)， whose 指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。Have you seen a dictionary whose cover is blue?(the cover of which is blue)?He is an excellent teacher, whose daughter studies abroad.（= the daughter of whom studies abroad.） This is Mr. King, in whose factory I work.(=in the factory of whom)注意：whose經(jīng)常

12、后接名詞，這結(jié)構(gòu)可以用the+名詞of+whom/which來(lái)替換，意義不變。在非正式文體中也可以用of+whom/which+the+名詞鞏固練習(xí) 填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞1. We should learn from those _ are always ready to help others. 2. He met my mother, from _ he got the news of my marriage. 3. This is not the only apple _ has rotten away. 4. Ive read all the books _ our teacher req

13、uires us to read. 5. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black. 6. All the apples _ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs. 7. I can tell you all_ he told me last week. 8. This is the biggest lab _ we have ever built in our university. 9. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?10.

14、Air, _ we breathe every day, is around us all the time. 11. This is the museum _ you saw the other day. 12. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing?13. The girl _ aunt is a famous singer is fond of music. 14. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer. 15. Do you have anything _ I can do fo

15、r you?16. Shanghai is the very place _ the foreigners are eager to visit. 17. It is the factory _ produces all kinds of TV sets. 18. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. 19. The last river _ they crossed is two miles wide. 20. Dont do such things _ you are not sure about. 21. That is the

16、office _ Lincoln once worked in. 22. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ the family was poor. 23. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. 24. He is not the man _ he was ten years ago.25.There are many people_ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.2

17、6. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?27. Which is the car _hit the boy?28.The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate29.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth30.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.（二）關(guān)系副詞的用法1when關(guān)系副詞 when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。

18、 Oct.1 is the day when the PRC was founded.(on which) He graduated from middle school in 2000 when he was 18.(in which)注意：先行詞是“時(shí)間名詞” 如在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞用which/that/as， 作狀語(yǔ)用when或介詞+ which。Ill never forget the days which/that we spent on that lonely island.Ill never forget the day when/on which I joine

19、d the Party.2 where關(guān)系副詞 Where引導(dǎo)定從時(shí), 只能在定從中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其修飾的名詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child(+in which). There are few places where he has never go(=to which).注意：先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”，如在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞用which/that/as， 作狀語(yǔ)用where或介詞+ which。That

20、 is the factory which/that produces 100,000TV sets a year.That is the factory where/in which his father once worked. 3why1）先行詞是 reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)用why或for + which。作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用which/that/as， This is the reason that he told me yesterday. This is the reason why/for which he was late for the meeting. 2）當(dāng)主

21、句主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，作主句表語(yǔ)的成分不能有because和because of 。其結(jié)構(gòu)一般為the reason whyis that，或者 the reason that is that，如： The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.The reason that he told us for his absence is that he was ill.（三）介詞+關(guān)系代詞 （介詞+which/whom/whose）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)"介詞+關(guān)系

22、代詞"。先行詞指物，用"介詞+which/whose", 指人則用"介詞+whom/whose", 且關(guān)系代詞均不能省略.The pen with which I wrote is broken.The man about whom I told you just now is my neighbour.This is Mr. King, in whose factory I work.介詞的選擇要遵循以下原則： 1）根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定。The woman _ whom he is talking is his hea

23、dmaster.2）、根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞與介詞的固定搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very interested.3）根據(jù)先行詞而定。He has not reached the age , _ which he can marry.4)根據(jù)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在主從句中的作用及意義。Water, _which man can not live, is very important for us.the way做先行詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用 in which或that 引導(dǎo)，也可以不用關(guān)系詞。Eg. I dont l

24、ike the way ( in which/that )you speak to your mother.注意：含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能拆開(kāi)，介詞仍然放在動(dòng)詞之后。This is the pen that/which he is looking for. the+ 名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞表示所有關(guān)系知識(shí)歸納：此時(shí)，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom, 指事物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系, 口語(yǔ)中常用“whose + 名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“of which/whom+ the +名詞”。 1) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase

25、, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 2)This is the boy _the bike was stolen yesterday.A. whom B. whose C. of whom D. of whose表示部分的詞語(yǔ)of關(guān)系代詞 ，表示整體與部分的關(guān)系知識(shí)歸納：此時(shí)，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom, 指事物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：不定代詞all, both, none, neither, either,

26、 some, any； 數(shù)詞(含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù))；數(shù)詞+名詞；the +最高級(jí)/比較級(jí)；以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter等。 二 as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞與as，so，such，the same 連用時(shí)，常用關(guān)系代詞as來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句, as 在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。 I want to have such books _ you have. A. which B. that C. what D. as I know as many people_are

27、 present at the meeting. A.that B.whom C.who D.as1) the same. as 和 the same .that的用法辨異.Thats the same tool as I used last week.（同類事物）Thats the same tool that I used last week. 那就是我上周用過(guò)的工具。（指原物）2).such/so.as和such/so.that的用法辨異.It is such an interesting book/so interesting a book _we all like.It is suc

28、h an interesting book/ so interesting a book _ we all like it. A. that B.it C.as Dwhich2.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于句首，也可位于后面。（代替主句整個(gè)內(nèi)容）_is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C . That D. It .He did the experiment successfully, _had been expected.A. t

29、hat B.it C.as D.what三 as和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1.as引導(dǎo)的從句與主句是一致關(guān)系，as常解釋為“正如.的那樣”, “ 正像.”。從句可位于句首，句中或句末。 常用于：as is known to all, as we all know, as often happens, as has been said before, as was expected, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as is reported in the newspaper等結(jié)構(gòu)中。As is often the case, w

30、e have worked out the production plan.The earth goes around the sun, as everyone can see.2.用which的情況1)當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)是否定形式或表示否定意義時(shí)，只能用which。He made a long speech at the meeting , which we had not expected./which was unexpected.2).當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)后接一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用which。He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite s

31、trange.3）which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句是因果關(guān)系或主句是對(duì)從句的評(píng)論，常解釋為“這，這一點(diǎn)”，Tom didnt pass the exam, which made his parents very disappointed.He must come from the north, which can be judged from his accent.注意：which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句只能位于主句之后。四定語(yǔ)從句與其他句型的區(qū)分1定語(yǔ)從句與并列句 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整與正確。 Mr Li has three daughters, none of _ is an

32、 engineer Mr Li has three daughters, but none of _ is a dancer Mr Li has three daughters; _ are doctors 2 as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與it引導(dǎo)的句子。The earth is round, and_ is known to all. The earth is round, _is known to all. _is known to all, the earth is round. _is known to all that the earth is round. 3 定語(yǔ)從句與習(xí)慣句型

33、 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整與正確。 It is the first time _ she has been in Shanghai It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life 4 定語(yǔ)從句與單句 用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整與正確。 The mother told the lazy boy to work, _ didn't help The mother told the lazy boy to work. _ didn't help 改錯(cuò)1. Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 2. Anyone who break the law will be punished 3.The key opens the bike is missing 4.The house where