外研版高中英語選修六 16單元知識點歸納

1、外研版高中英語選修六 1-6單元知識點歸納 Module 1【詞條1】lack【點撥】lack動詞, 意為"缺乏,沒有"。如:He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm. 【拓展】1. lack的常用短語有:be lacking"欠缺,缺乏"；be lacking in"缺乏(某種品質(zhì)、特點等)"；lack (for) nothing"應(yīng)有盡有&q

2、uot;。如:Money for the project is still lacking.I think the film is lacking in pace.They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing.2. lack還可作名詞,常與of連用,意為"缺乏,沒有"。for lack of "因為缺乏"。如:The work had to be stopped for lack of funds.The flowers withered for lack of water.【詞條2】r

3、eply【點撥】名詞,意為"回答,答復",常與介詞to 連用。如:Is it a reply to the first or the second letter?To my anger, she made no reply to my question.其常用在短語in reply to中,意為"作為對的回答,回復"。如:What did he do in reply to your challenge?【拓展】reply也可作動詞,意為"回答,答復",reply (to . / that .) 。如:The teacher gave

4、 me no chance to reply to her question. Lily replied that she knew nothing about it.【詞條3】apology【點撥】apology名詞,意為"道歉,歉意",常用于短語:offer / make an apology to sb."向某人道歉", accept an apology"接受道歉"。如:Its impolite of you to leave without a word of apology.In my judgment, we shoul

5、d accept their apology.Youd better make an apology for your absence.【拓展】其動詞形式為apologize,意為"道歉,表示歉意",常用短語為: apologize to sb.(for sth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉"。如:I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day.I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did. 經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】think

6、 of【點撥】think of可意為"想起,想出"。如:The photo made me think of my child-hood.It was Tom who thought of the good plan.【拓展】think的其他常用短語:1. think highly / much of 重視,高度贊揚。如:All the teachers think highly of John because he is very smart and kind.2. think about 考慮。如:I was thinking about something else

7、and missed your words. 3. think over 仔細考慮。如: Please think the plan over and let me know your decision tomorrow.【短語2】in addition【點撥】in addition意為"另外,此外"。如:I write my own songs and I play the guitar in addition.You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence.【拓展】in addition to 除之外(還

8、有),to為介詞,后接名詞或動詞-ing形式。如:His brother can speak three foreign languages in addition to English.besides也意為"除之外(還有)"。如:The play was badly acted, besides being far too long.【短語3】leave out【點撥】leave out意為"省去,刪去"。如:In Western countries, people usually leave out No. 13 as the number is t

9、hought unlucky. You can leave out the unnecessary words when writing down the notes.【拓展】1. leave out還可意為"漏掉,遺漏"。如:Decide with you partner which words have been left out.2. 與leave相關(guān)的常用短語:leave behind遺留,留下It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties.leave over剩余,暫不解決We shall have

10、 to leave the question over till the next meeting.leave alone別管,不理會If I were you, Id leave this question alone.【短語4】show off【點撥】show off意為"炫耀"。如:Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.His brother likes to show off his knowledge in public.【拓展】與show相關(guān)的常用短語:show sb. aroun

11、d領(lǐng)某人參觀The headmaster showed us around the school.show up出席,到場The party is about to begin, but Mr. Wang hasnt shown up. 熱點語法聚焦 didnt need to do和neednt have done都有"過去不必做某事"的意思,但是didnt need to表示"過去沒有必要做某事,事實上也沒做"；neednt have done表示"過去本來不必做某事,實際上卻做了"。如:I didnt need to take

12、a taxi from the air-port there was a bus all the way into the city. I neednt have booked in advance; there were plenty of tickets left. 此外,要注意need的其它用法: need可作實義動詞,也可作情態(tài)動詞。 1. 作實義動詞時, need有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后可以接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式和動名詞等,否定式要在前面加dont (doesnt, didnt),疑問句用do (does, did) 提問。如:The company needs some good s

13、alesmen.His broken car needs to be repaired. = His broken car needs repairing. 2. 作情態(tài)動詞時,need沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接動詞原形,否定式為neednt,常用在否定句和疑問句中。如:You neednt worry about him. He is very mature now.Need I stay another day?Yes, you must. Module 2【詞條1】behave【點撥】behave 用作不及物動詞,意為"(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)"。如:She has been

14、 behaving very politely. 另外,behave還可意為"舉止得體；守規(guī)矩",常和反身代詞連用。如:Cant you make your little child behave himself?【拓展】well- / ill- / badly-behaved adj.表現(xiàn)得好的/不好的；behavior n.行為,舉止如:He is thought to be a well-behaved child. She was ashamed of her childrens bad behavior.【詞條2】appeal【點撥】appeal可用作名詞,意為&

15、quot;吸引力,感染力"。如:Films of this sort have lost their appeal for me.【拓展】1. appeal用作名詞時,還可意為"呼吁,請求"。如:His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered. An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake.2. appeal還可用作動詞, 意為"引起興趣；呼吁,請求",常跟介詞to連用。如:Does the

16、 idea of working abroad appeal to you?The police are appealing to the public for any information about this. 【詞條3】awake【點撥】awake 可用作形容詞,意為"醒著的"。如:I have lain awake all night thinking over the problem.注意:awake是表語形容詞,不能用于名詞前作定語。類似的形容詞還有asleep, alive, aware等?！就卣埂縜wake (awoke, awoken) 可作不及物動詞,

17、意為"醒來",這時與wake up意義相近；awake也可作及物動詞,意為"喚醒,叫醒；喚起(記憶)；激起(情感)"。如:I awake to the ringing of an electric bell every day.The thunder awoke me last night.His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty.Nothing can awake her interest in foot-ball. 經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】ahead of【點撥】ahead of意為"在

18、之前"。如:The time here is nine hours ahead of London. Ahead of us was a narrow and muddy road.【拓展】ahead of還可意為"勝過,優(yōu)于；(數(shù)量、價格等)超過"。如:In management, our company is well ahead of theirs.Their pay offer was well ahead of inflation.【短語2】holdout【點撥】hold out可意為"伸出,拿出"。如:When I arrived,

19、 Mary held out her hand in welcome.【拓展】hold out還可意為"維持；堅持(抵抗)"。如:We were short of water but it could hold out for another day. They held out against the enemy for two days and nights.The town was surrounded, but the citizens held out until help at last came.【短語3】putdown【點撥】put down可意為"

20、;放下"。如:Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!【拓展】1. put down還可意為"寫下,記下；鎮(zhèn)壓；消滅"。如:Put down your notes at the bottom of the paper.The uprising was put down three days later. cant put sth. down 愛不釋手；不忍釋卷。如:It is an interesting story and he cant put it down until he has finished rea

21、ding it.2. 與put相關(guān)的常用短語:put out出版；生產(chǎn)；使熄滅,撲滅；put up樹立；put off推遲；put aside 把擱在一邊；put forward提出；put up with容忍。如:Be sure to put out the light before you go to bed. The building will be put up in the centre of the campus.Dont put off till tomorrow what can be done today.He put aside his work to spend more

22、 time with his family.He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting. I could hardly put up with the child any longer. 熱點語法聚焦 動詞的-ing形式作狀語 可表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨或?qū)χ^語加以補充說明等。如:While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (時間)It rained for two weeks, completely ruining the crops. (結(jié)果) T

23、urning to the right at the crossing, you will see the post office right before you. (條件)Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help. (讓步)We Chinese eat our food using chopsticks. (方式)Not knowing how to deal with the problem, the boy turned to his teacher. (原因)Laughing and talking loudly, we l

24、eft the party. (伴隨)【難點點撥】1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致,它所表示的動作應(yīng)該是句中主語所發(fā)出的動作,即現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。如:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a full view of the country. (we與see之間是主動關(guān)系)2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,其前可加while, when, after, before, though, unless等連詞,on, upon等介詞或thus, completely等副詞。如:While doing the experi

25、ment, we discovered the new chemical.Take the medicine three times a day after having each meal. On hearing the news, she rushed out the room.My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.3. 有時用"(with / without)+ 賓語+ 現(xiàn)在分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。如:I couldnt focus my attention with that noise go

26、ing on.4. 當現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致時,現(xiàn)在分詞必須有自己的主語。如:Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held next Friday.Module 3【詞條1】raise 【點撥】vt. 可意為"招募,籌措(金錢)"。如:It voted to raise 100,000 troops immediately.He asked me to write a leaflet to raise money for Hope Schools.【拓展】raise還可意為"舉起；增加,提高；提出；

27、撫養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)；引起"。如:The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.The boss has promised to raise their pay.He was so angry as to raise his voice. The question was raised at the meeting. I was raised by my aunt on a farm.The discussion raised our interest.【辨析】raise rise兩者都可以表示"上升；增長"之意,不同的

28、是raise是及物動詞,rise是不及物動詞。如:On Monday morning, we were watching the children raising the national flag and we saw it rising slowly in the wind. 【詞條2】regret 【點撥】regret可用作動詞,意為"懊悔,惋惜；遺憾",后接名詞、代詞、that從句、不定式、動名詞等。如:I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret that I cant attend the party.We re

29、gret to inform you that you failed again. We have deeply regretted selling the farm.注意:其后接動詞-ing形式和動詞不定式時意思有區(qū)別。試體會:I regret to tell you that I have no news for you. (遺憾要做某事)I regret telling Tom the truth. (后悔做了某事)【拓展】regret也可作名詞,意為"遺憾,后悔；歉意"。如:We decided with great regret that we couldnt o

30、ffer you the position.feel no regret at對不感到遺憾much to ones regret使某人非常遺憾的是express ones regret at對表示遺憾【詞條3】forgive【點撥】vt.vi.意為"原諒,寬恕",常用于結(jié)構(gòu)forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.,也可以接雙賓語。如:I will never forgive you for what youve ever done to me.Eventually, she forgave him the bad behavior. 【拓展】for

31、givene ss n.原諒,寬恕,饒恕forgiving adj. 寬大的,仁慈的 經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】keep in touch (with) 【點撥】keep in touch (with sb.)意為"(與某人)保持聯(lián)系",也可寫作stay / be in touch (with sb.)。如:This is my card. Lets keep in touch. Ive kept in touch with most of my classmates in the middle school.【拓展】與touch相關(guān)的常見搭配還有:get in touch w

32、ith"與取得聯(lián)系"；lose touch with / be out of touch with"與失去/ 沒有聯(lián)系"。如:We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan.Write to me as often as you can. I dont want to lose touch with you. 【短語2】knock over【點撥】knock over意為"撞倒,擊倒"。如:A drunken driver knocked over nine people, c

33、ausing five deaths.【拓展】與knock相關(guān)的短語還有:knock down"打倒,推倒"；knock off"停止,中斷"；knock out"擊敗,擊倒"。如:He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist.We knocked off work for tea.Our team was knocked out in the first part of the competition.【短語3】make up【點撥】make up可意為"和好"。如:

34、I found it hard to make up with Joan after we quarreled about the beautiful stamp.【拓展】make up還有以下常用意思:You shouldnt believe him. He is making the whole thing up. (編造)Whoever attends the ball is supposed to make up. (化妝)You must make up the work you missed. (補上) 熱點語法聚焦 1. 非謂語動詞的完成式having done的用法 非謂語動詞

35、的完成式having done表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作。其否定式為not having done。如: Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 分詞的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing分詞動作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間,-ing分詞的被動式有一般被動式(being done)和完成被動式(having been done)。如: He never ta

36、lked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. The question being discussed is very important. 2. 非謂語動詞的-ing形式和to do形式的區(qū)別 有些動詞既能接不定式,又能接-ing形式,含義有所不同。如: (1) forget, remember, regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動作后于謂語動作,而后接-ing形式作賓語表示動名詞動作先于謂語動作。如: Do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見過我嗎？ Remember to lo

37、ck the door when you leave. 離開時要記得鎖門。 (2) 動詞mean, stop, try, go on等動詞后面接動名詞和接不定式作賓語,意思也有所不同。如: I mean to change it for another one. 我想換成另外一個。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 誤了這班車就意味著再等一個小時。 (3) 動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟 -ing形式作賓語,不可以接動詞不定式作賓語,但可接不定式作賓語補足語。如: Please perm

38、it me to say a few words.請允許我說幾句話。 We dont permit smoking here. 我們這兒不允許吸煙。 (4) 動詞need, require, want作"需要"解時,后面接-ing分詞或不定式被動式。如: These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully. 這些小孩需要細心地照料。 (5) 動詞like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性動作,多用-ing形式；如指特定的具體的某次動作,多用不定

39、式。如: I like swimming, but I dont like to swim with you. 我喜歡游泳,但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。 Module 4【詞條1】combine 【點撥】combine vi. / vt. 聯(lián)合,結(jié)合,合并。常用作結(jié)構(gòu)combine . with ."把與結(jié)合"。如:The two countries combined against their common enemy.He combined his scientific knowledge with his friends business skill and starte

40、d a company. His efforts, combined with his determination, helped him achieve great success.【拓展】combination n. 聯(lián)合,合作, 結(jié)合combined adj. 組合的,結(jié)合的【詞條2】relax 【點撥】relax vi. / vt. 放松,使輕松。如:The doctor told him to relax a week or so before going back to work.This equipment will help relax your muscles.【拓展】rel

41、ax還可意為"放寬；使松弛"。如:They relaxed the regulations after the reform.relaxed adj. 放松的,鎮(zhèn)定的relaxing adj. 令人放松的She had a very relaxed manner.Its really a relaxing walk.【詞條3】present【點撥】present可用作動詞,意為"贈送；頒發(fā)(獎品等)；提出"。如:When Mr. Smith left our company; our manager presented him with a golden

42、 watch.The winner was presented with the prize by the chairman.【拓展】1. present作名詞,可意為"禮物,贈品；現(xiàn)在,目前"。如:I dont want all these books; Ill make you a present of them.She is busy at present, and she cant speak to you.Lets leave things as they are for the present. 2. present作形容詞,意為"出席的,在場的；目前

43、的,現(xiàn)在的"。如:Its unfair to discuss his case if he isnt present.The present situation seems to be in their favor. 經(jīng)典短語透視【短語1】in addition to【點撥】in addition to意為"除之外(還有)",其中to為介詞,所以后面要跟名詞、代詞和動名詞等。如:In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also pro-vides practical

44、 experience.【拓展】1. besides作介詞時,和其意思和用法相同。如:We have lots of things in common besides dance.2. in addition相當于副詞,可譯為"另外,加之"。如:You need money and time; in addition, you need intelligence.【短語2】draw upon / on 【點撥】draw upon / on意為"憑借,利用"。如:Reread your previou s essays for ideas and info

45、rmation, which you may want to draw upon.A writer has to draw upon his imagination and experience.【拓展】draw on / upon還可意為"臨近,(時光)漸漸過去"。如:Winter is drawing on.It grew colder as night drew on.【短語3】be true of【點撥】be true of 意為"(某種情況)適用于,適宜于"。如:This principle is true of everybody.The f

46、ood is good and the same is true of the service.【拓展】根據(jù)下列例句體會與true相關(guān)短語的意義:The picture is true to life. (逼真)He is always true to his promise. (信守)My father said I should be a lawyer and it has come true. (實現(xiàn)) 熱點語法聚焦 一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時由"has / have been + 動詞-ing"構(gòu)成,其主要用法有: 1. 表示動作從過去開始一直持續(xù)到說話時,并且還有可能繼續(xù)下去。這一用法常和表示一段時間的狀語,如:For three years, all this time, all ones life, all the morning, these few weeks. 以及由for或since引導的時間狀語連用。如: Hes been