第12 單元 被動語態(tài)的翻譯

1、被動語態(tài)的翻譯Todays Items Passive Voice in EnglishPassiveness in ChineseE-C Translation of Passive Voice2英語中被動語態(tài)使用范圍很廣。凡是在不必英語中被動語態(tài)使用范圍很廣。凡是在不必說出主動者、不愿說出主動者、無從說出主說出主動者、不愿說出主動者、無從說出主動者或者是為了上下文連貫等等場合，往往動者或者是為了上下文連貫等等場合，往往都用被動語態(tài)。這一特點在英語科技語體中都用被動語態(tài)。這一特點在英語科技語體中反映得更為突出。然而漢語中的被動語態(tài)的反映得更為突出。然而漢語中的被動語態(tài)的使用范圍卻狹窄得多。在

2、翻譯英語被動語態(tài)使用范圍卻狹窄得多。在翻譯英語被動語態(tài)的句子時，很多情況下，都可譯成漢語的主的句子時，很多情況下，都可譯成漢語的主動句。動句。一、被動語態(tài)在英語中的運用一、被動語態(tài)在英語中的運用 被動語態(tài)的廣泛使用是英語區(qū)別于漢語的一大特點。 這一特點在科技英語語體中反映得尤為突出。 原因： 被動結構比主動結構更少主觀色彩，結構更簡單； 同時，在有些情況下，不必、不愿或無從說出施動者。41.沒有必要說明施動者例如：Such books are written for children. The English evening has been put off till Saturday.52.

3、出于禮貌措辭,不愿說出施動者。例如：You are requested to give a performance.It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.63.無從說出施動者例如：Youre wanted on the phone.The problem is being studied.74. 為了便于上下文銜接例如：He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. John actually loved her and was lo

4、ved in return. 約翰真的愛她，而她也愛約翰。約翰真的愛她，而她也愛約翰。 85. 為了突出談話的中心例如：The song was composed by a French musician.The program was designed by ourselves.910I. I. 用詞匯的手段來表現(xiàn)被動意義用詞匯的手段來表現(xiàn)被動意義“為”字結構“茅屋為秋風所破”“被”字式 “被捕”， “被剝削”，“被壓迫”，“被殺”“讓”、”給”、”叫”、“挨”、“受”、“遭”、“蒙”114、“是的”表示靜態(tài)的句子 這些產品是我國制造的。5、“的是” 推薦我的是一位教授。6、“加以/予以”組

5、成倒置的賓語結構 這個問題將在下一章加以討論。12II II 用詞序手段來表現(xiàn)被動意義用詞序手段來表現(xiàn)被動意義1 1、受事者、受事者動詞動詞困難克服了，工作完成了，問題也解決了。困難克服了，工作完成了，問題也解決了。2 2、受事著、受事著施事者施事者動詞動詞我們在這里所講的我們在這里所講的話話，人們人們不會長久地不會長久地記住記住。13I. 翻譯成漢語的主動句II. 譯成漢語的被動句III. 譯成“把”、“使”和“由”字句IV. 轉換法 14I 翻譯成漢語的主動句1、“加以”,“經過”,“用來” 2、增補泛指性的詞語(人們,大家等)作主語3、主語譯成賓語4、翻譯成漢語的無主句5、翻譯成帶“是的

6、”的主動句15II 譯成漢語的被動句1、漢語句中有“被”、“受”、“挨”、“遭受”等詞2、譯成“為所”的結構16III 譯成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 17IV. 轉換法18I I 翻譯成漢語的主動句翻譯成漢語的主動句191.“加以”,“經過”,“用來” ，“可以用來”Perfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils.有些花兒產生的油可以用來制造香水。植物油和動物油還可以用來制作肥皂。20Nuclear powers danger to hea

7、lth, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. 核能對健康、安全,甚至對生命本身構成的危險可以用一個詞輻射來概括。212.增補泛指性的詞語(人們,大家等)作主語It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. 人們普遍認為，孩子們的早年經歷在很大程度上決定了他們的性格及其未來的人品

8、。22 It is believed that worry can make a persons hair turn gray overnight. 有人相信有人相信憂愁能使一個人的頭發(fā)一夜之間變白。憂愁能使一個人的頭發(fā)一夜之間變白。23Itisassertedthat有人主張 Itisbelievedthat有人認為 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家(一般人)認為 Itiswellknownthat大家知道(眾所周知) Itwillbesaid有人會說 Itwastoldthat有人曾經說 243.3.主語譯成賓語主語譯成賓語By the end of the wa

9、r, 800 people had been saved by the organization.大戰(zhàn)結束時，這個組織拯救了八百人。 254.翻譯成漢語的無主句 Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking. 應該盡最大努力告誡年輕人吸煙的危害, 特別是吸上癮后的可怕后果。26 Itishopedthat希望Itisreportedthat據(jù)報道Itissaidthat據(jù)說Itissupposed

10、that據(jù)推測Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat可以毫不夸張地說Itmustbeadmittedthat必須承認Itmustbepointedoutthat必須指出Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可見275. 翻譯成帶“是的”的主動句 China-ink stains cannot be washed out. 墨汁斑漬是洗不掉的。 Intheoldsociety，womenwerelookeddownupon. 在舊社會，婦女們是受歧視的。28II 譯成漢語的被動結構 “被”,“給”,“遭”,“挨”,“為所”,“使”,“由”,

11、“受到”等表示。Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.我們的對外政策受到了世界人民的支持。Thewindowpanewasbrokenbythechild.窗玻璃被這小孩打碎了 29 The laws of motion will be discussed in the next article. 運動定律將在下文中予以討論。 Our roof was damaged in last nights storm. 在昨夜的暴風雨中，我家的屋頂遭到了破壞。30 In the countryside, bir

12、th control has been accepted by more and more families. 在農村，計劃生育已在農村，計劃生育已為為越來越多的家庭越來越多的家庭所接受所接受。31III 譯成譯成“把把”、“使使”和和“由由”字句字句 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火把這家著名的旅館幾乎全部毀壞。 The plan is going to be examined first by the research group。 計劃將先由研究小組加以研究。 32 The design

13、 will be examined by a special committee. 這項設計這項設計將由將由一個專門委員會一個專門委員會予以審查予以審查。 The export of this article is exclusively handled by us. 這項商品的出口這項商品的出口由由我公司我公司專營專營。33IV. 轉換法1. 把 by 后的賓語倒譯成漢語的主語 Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry. 現(xiàn)代工業(yè)現(xiàn)代工業(yè)耗用大量燃料。耗用大量燃料。 A book was given to me by him.

14、他給了我一本書。他給了我一本書。342. 把狀語譯為主語把狀語譯為主語 Many outstanding officials have been trained in West Point. 西點軍校西點軍校培養(yǎng)出了許多優(yōu)秀的軍官。培養(yǎng)出了許多優(yōu)秀的軍官。 Some pictures were hung on the wall. 墻上墻上掛著照片。掛著照片。 35小結：被動語態(tài)的翻譯翻譯成漢語的主動句 譯成漢語的被動句譯成“把”、“使”和“由”字句進行轉換 3637 English is spoken in England, America, Canada and some other cou

15、ntries. 英國、美國、加拿大以及其他一些國家講英語。英國、美國、加拿大以及其他一些國家講英語。 Smoking is not permitted here/in the office. 這里這里/辦公室不許抽煙。辦公室不許抽煙。 Many a factory has been set up in my hometown. 我的家鄉(xiāng)建起了許多工廠。我的家鄉(xiāng)建起了許多工廠。 A class meeting will be held tomorrow. 明天明天開個班會。開個班會。 He is seen to be working in the workshop. 有人有人看見看見他他在車間勞

16、動。在車間勞動。 Mr Lin is considered to be a good teacher. 大家大家認為認為林老師林老師是一位好老師。是一位好老師。 He is expected to pass the examination. 大家大家希望他考試能及格。希望他考試能及格。 He is believed to be honest. 大家大家相信相信他他是誠實的。是誠實的。 The book was written by a black. 這本書這本書是是一個黑人一個黑人寫的寫的。 History is made by the people. 歷史歷史是是人民創(chuàng)造人民創(chuàng)造的的。 My

17、 holiday was spent in the country. 我的假期我的假期是是在鄉(xiāng)下度過在鄉(xiāng)下度過的的。 The fish was found in a pond. 魚魚是是在一個池塘里發(fā)現(xiàn)在一個池塘里發(fā)現(xiàn)的的。 It is considered of no use learning a theory without practice. 人們認為人們認為脫離實踐學理論毫無用處。脫離實踐學理論毫無用處。 Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year. 菲亞特汽車公司菲亞特汽車公司每年生產成千上萬輛小汽車。每年生產成千上萬輛小汽車。

18、 He was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly. 口試時，口試時， 問了十個問題，他全都答對了。問了十個問題，他全都答對了。 It is considered that women tell lies more often than men. 有人認為有人認為女人將謊話要比男人多。女人將謊話要比男人多。 Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity (嚴重性嚴重性) of corruption among so

19、me high officials in China. 必須特別強調必須特別強調我國某些高級政府官員貪污腐敗的嚴我國某些高級政府官員貪污腐敗的嚴重性。重性。43When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest pe

20、trol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.When the crude oil is obtained fr

21、om the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.44E-C TRANSLATION C-E TRANSLATION莊稼讓大水沖跑了。