高中英語復(fù)習(xí)定語從句課件

1、定語從句定語從句一、概念：一、概念：定語從句定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞或整個主句的從句。先行詞先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。從句前面被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。從句前面是否有先行詞，是否被該從句修飾，是判是否有先行詞，是否被該從句修飾，是判斷該從句是不是定語從句的重要標(biāo)記之一。斷該從句是不是定語從句的重要標(biāo)記之一。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞：代替前面的先行詞或整個句子的代詞或副詞代替前面的先行詞或整個句子的代詞或副詞分別稱為關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞必須分別稱為關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞必須在從句中作一成分，否則它不是關(guān)系詞，也在從句中作一成分，否則它不是關(guān)系詞，也就沒有定語從句了。根據(jù)其

2、在從句中所作的就沒有定語從句了。根據(jù)其在從句中所作的成分選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。成分選擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。二、關(guān)系代詞的選用二、關(guān)系代詞的選用關(guān)系詞代替前面的名詞、代詞或整個句子在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語，這時必須用關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, that, which, whose, as.（一）、先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞時：1.who/whom1).先行詞為those, people, all, anyone, one, ones時；2).主句以there be 開頭；3).在非限制性定語從句中2.that1).當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開頭的特殊疑問句時；2).先

3、行詞既有人又有物時3).關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時；3.whose除此之外除此之外可以互換?？梢曰Q。它們在從它們在從句中作賓句中作賓語時可以語時可以省掉，但省掉，但在介詞后在介詞后的的which不能省。不能省。= of whom表所屬關(guān)系，在句中作定語。表所屬關(guān)系，在句中作定語。 Example：1）A friend _ helps you in time of need is a real friend.2）The man _ was pretending to wave asked him to come closer.3）Those _ want to see the film must

4、 go to the cinema in time.4）All _heard the news were amazed.5）Anyone _ refused to bow was thrown into prison.who/thatwho/thatwhowhowho6) One _doesnt work hard will never be happy.7) People _ can see sometimes act just as foolishly.8) There is a stranger_ wants to see you.9) Abraham Lincoln, _ was mu

5、rdered at a theatre in Washington D.C, died on April !5,1965.10) A new teacher will come tomorrow _will teach you German.11) The student _ was praised at the meeting is the monitor, _is very modest( 謙虛謙虛)and studies very hard.12) There is a teacher _ presents(陳述陳述) the material in the most interesti

6、ng way and _ enjoys what he teaches.13) He is the finest comrade _ I have ever worked with.14) She is the same teacher _ was praised the other day.15) He is the only person _ _understands me.16) Who _ has common sense will do such a thing?17) He talked about the teachers and schools _he had visited.

7、18) He is not the man _he used to be.whowhowhowhowhowhowhowhowhothat/who/whomthat/whothat/whothatthatthat19).Where is the man_ was here just now?20).The old lady_ you talked to is her grandmother.21).Those_ want to see the film can go to buy the tickets.22).Are you the boy_ bike was stolen?23). He_

8、plays with fire gets burned.24). The first person_ I visited was Mr. Jim.25).He is the only one of the teachers_ (know) Japanese in our school.who/thatwho/whom/thatwhowhosewhowho/whom/thatwho knows（二）、先行詞是指物的名詞或代詞時：（二）、先行詞是指物的名詞或代詞時：whichthatwhose1.介詞后面介詞后面2.先行詞為先行詞為that 3.非限制性定語從句中非限制性定語從句中1.先行詞為不定

9、代詞先行詞為不定代詞2.先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the same, the last,以及以及序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或形容詞最高級修飾時修飾時3.先行詞既有人又有物時先行詞既有人又有物時4.主句是以主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句開頭的特殊疑問句5.主語以主語以there be開頭時開頭時 6.先行詞為連系動詞先行詞為連系動詞be后面的表語時后面的表語時 除此之外可除此之外可以互換。它以互換。它們在從句中們在從句中作賓語時可作賓語時可以省掉，但以省掉，但在介詞后的在介詞后的w

10、hich不能不能省。省。= of which表所屬關(guān)系，在句中作定語。表所屬關(guān)系，在句中作定語。1. Is there anything _I can do for you？2. Thats all _ I can save.3. You can take any seat _is free.4. There is little time _I can spare.5. This is the first composition _ I have written in English.6. This is the best film _ has been shown this year.Exa

11、mplethat/xthat/xthatthat/xthatthat/x7. Its a book _ will help you a lot.8. Yesterday I bought two fish，now you can see the two_ still alive in a basin of water.9. She is wearing the same dress _she wore at that meeting.10. I have the same opinion _you have.11. Later my father talked for about an hou

12、r of things and persons_ he remembered in the school.12. There is a seat in the corner _is still free.that/whichthatthatthatthatthat13. China is not the country_ it used to be.14. This is the room in _ we lived last year.15. Cruses dog ,_was not very old, became ill and died.16. Mr. Smith nodded sev

13、eral times and smiled, _rather surprised me.17. Here is the English grammar book _, as I have told you, will help improve your English.that whichwhichwhichwhich18. Ill never forget the days_ we spent in the countryside.19. All the oranges_ she bought me were eaten by my son.20. He has found that_ he

14、 was looking for.21. Look at the house_ roof is red.22. Look at the house the roof_ is red.23. He lives in a room_ window faces to the south.24. He lives in a room the window_ faces to the south.which/that/xthat/xwhichwhoseof whichwhoseof which（三）關(guān)系代詞（三）關(guān)系代詞as the sameas 相同或相似相同或相似 the samethat 同一物或

15、同一人同一物或同一人1、such assuchas soas2 、as manyasas muchas3、Example This is the same watch_ I lost yesterday. They are studying _subjects as we are. The book is not such_ I expect. _ books as this are too difficult to beginners. He has _books as I have. You may use_ water as you need.as/that/xthe sameasSuc

16、has manyas much7. Here is _big a stone_ no one can lift.Cf. Here is _big a stone_ no one can lift it.8. This is _a difficult problem_ no student can work out.Cf. This is _a difficult problem_ no student can work it out.9. He is not the same man_ he used to be.Cf. He is not_ he used to be.10. He wear

17、s the same jacket_ I wear.Cf. He wears the same jacket_ he wore yesterday.11. He is not such a fool _ he looks.12. Ive never seen _ a lazy boy_ you.soassothatsuchassuchthataswhatasthat/(as)assuchas（四）（四）as, which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾或限制整引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾或限制整個主句個主句從句放在主句前從句放在主句前從句與主句意義一致從句與主句意義一致有有“正如正如”之意之意從句與主

18、句意義不一致從句與主句意義不一致從句的謂語是一個復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)從句的謂語是一個復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)從句為否定句從句為否定句從句與主句為因果關(guān)系或?qū)χ骶涞脑u論從句與主句為因果關(guān)系或?qū)χ骶涞脑u論aswhich 除此之除此之外二者外二者可以換可以換用，作用，作賓語時賓語時不能省不能省 1)as(it)seems likely(看來很有可能看來很有可能)； 2)as(it) often happens(象往常一樣象往常一樣)； 3)as(it) appears (從從里看得出來里看得出來)； 4)as (it) was pointed out； 5)as (it) was said earlier； 6)as /rem

19、ember/understand/see/know等等1.He was a foreigner, _ I know from his looks.2. _ we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back.3. She has married again, _ was expected. She has married again, _ was unexpected.4. The elephant is like a snake, _ is not rig

20、ht.5. He was late for school, _ often happened.as/whichAsaswhichwhichas6. Betty always tells a lie, _ her parents find strange.7. He usually praises his student Rose in public, _ she doesnt like at all.8. He didnt tell us any news, _ upset me.Cf. He told me the news,_ upset me.9. She heard a terribl

21、e noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.10. _ can be seen from his face, he is quite satisfied.whichwhichwhichwhichwhichAs（五）（五） 介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（which/whom），介詞在），介詞在后面時可用后面時可用that/who, 也可以省掉也可以省掉1. This is the camera _I took some photos yesterday. 2. The boy has taken away her glasses ,_ the old

22、lady can see nothing. 3. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse,_ sat a small boy. 4. The headmaster was an ordinary looking little man, _there was a pair of thick glasses. 5. The medical team is made up of ten doctors, _are from Beijing.6. China has a lot of famous writers, _is Jinyong. in whichwithout w

23、hichin front of whichon whose nosemost of whomone of whom三、關(guān)系副詞的選用三、關(guān)系副詞的選用 關(guān)系詞代替前面的名詞或代詞在從句中作時間、地點、原因或方式狀語，這時必須用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why, that.（一）先行詞是表時間的名詞或代詞（一）先行詞是表時間的名詞或代詞1 . when=prep.( in, on, at, during)+ which2. 先行詞是先行詞是day, time, moment時可以用時可以用that,也也可以省掉可以省掉3. 先行詞先行詞time表示次數(shù)時不用表示次數(shù)時不用wh

24、en要用要用that, 也可以省掉也可以省掉1)、This is the time _ _he arrives.2)、I will never forget the day _ _ I joined the Party 3 years ago.3)、I will never forget the day _ _ I spent with you last week.when/that/at whichwhen/that/on whichwhich/that/x4). This was the first time _ I had had serious trouble with my boss

25、. 5). I arrived here the day_ he left.6). He hurried into the airport the moment_ the plane was about to take off. 7). He worked hard the whole time_ he lived here.8). October 1, 1949 was the day_ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.that/xwhen/that/on which/xwhen/that/at which/xwhen/that/at which/xwhen/that/on which/x（二）先行詞是表地點的名詞或代詞時（二）先行詞是表地點的名詞或代詞時1. where=prep. (in, on, at) + which2.先行詞是先行詞是place時，可以用時，可以用that,也可以省掉也可以省掉1) This is the place _ _ _ _ the old farmer lives.2) Standing on the top of the hill, we can see the place _ _the Red Army defeated the enemy troops.3) This is