專題02人物故事類-五年高考2012018年英語閱讀理解話題分類解讀與訓(xùn)練解析版

1、專題02人物故事類辛語電解讀人物故事類的文章體裁一般是記敘文，包含記敘文的時間、地點、人物、事件等要素。寫作手法多采用時間、空間或邏輯線索貫穿文章始終。命題以細節(jié)為主，推理為輔。主要向讀者介紹科學(xué)家、文學(xué)家、思想家、政治家、企業(yè)家以及影視、體育明星等杰出人物，尤其重視介紹這些杰出人物在各自領(lǐng)域所取得的重大成就，如何克服身體殘缺、自然環(huán)境和社會環(huán)境所造成的困難取得的成功等。文章一般會歌頌他們在為人類作出巨大貢獻的同時，也為自己的事業(yè)譜寫出了精彩的篇章。命題分析命題方式考點一細節(jié)事實理解一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細節(jié)、具體的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的，所有這些信息以某種順序（時間、空間、情感變化等）排列起來，來進

2、一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。細節(jié)理解題目主要考查學(xué)生對文章具體事實和細節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但在整個閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個具體事實或細節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計題目。此類題通常根據(jù)文章具體內(nèi)容來設(shè)問，也常使用下列方式來提問：1 .WhichofiliefollowingslalemenUis（noO（rue/correcl?2 .Whichof“IE（川owingisnotnienl心出d'?3,AIIoftheAllowingaretrueexcept,4.Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how

3、/how/what/which,etc.?1.直接事實題在解答這類問題時要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱讀，因為這類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如：AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad,whichiso

4、nthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.Lateritwasren

5、amedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam,oneofthehighestdamsintheworld,issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.Q:HooverDamlies.A. betweenArizonaandNevadaB. intheBlackCanyonC. betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD. bothAandB【解析】由第二段的第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案是D項。2 .間接事實題解答此類題，需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語

6、境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷或者要進行簡單的計算。InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewell-receivedTVprogramme"StarsTonight",MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongkongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddream

7、wastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However,itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation."It'sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon'tenterforsuc

8、hcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I'dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,"saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q:WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A. LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B. LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwit

9、hherparents.C. LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D. AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.【解析1A.C和D項都可在序文找到答案，而B項軍文所給的是:takm2Hongkong可判斷不是moved2Hongkongwithherparents,因此選B。3 .數(shù)據(jù)推算。IfyouregisterboththeVIEWqualificationcourseandtheForumatthesametime,youwillsaveA.$100B.$300C.$350D.$400這類題目要求學(xué)生就文章提供

10、的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡單計算和推斷。在做此類題時:1.要抓住并正確理解與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息含義。2 .弄清眾多信息中那些屬于有用信息，那些屬于干擾信息。3 .不要孤立看待數(shù)字信息，而要抓住一些關(guān)鍵用語的意義?？键c二主題理解或?qū)懽饕鈭D推斷一、主旨閱讀理解題考查的內(nèi)容1 .短文的標題(title,headline);2 .短文或段落的主題(subject);3 .中心思想(mainidea);4 .作者的寫作目的(purpose)o二、此類題的設(shè)問方式1,Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?5 .Whatdoesthesecondparag即hmain

11、lyl底cuxS)3,Whatisthepassagenictinlyabout?4,Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsis,考點三推理推斷推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實和線索進行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。這類題旨在考查學(xué)生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,屬于深層理解題。此類題的設(shè)問常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等詞，這類題的設(shè)問方式主要有：1 .WecaninferfromIliePassageIlia!.2 ,Whatcanbeinferredf

12、romthePassage?3,WhichoftliefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?JG4.ItcanbeinfenedfromParagraph3that.5.Theauthor北里次sLsinthisparagraplithat6.1hewriterimpliesihat.7.itcanbeinferred【1面.8.11canbeconcludedfromIhePassage.9.Onthewhole,wcc&iiconclude11YU.10.FromthetextwecanconcludeU】ai一ILARerreadingilie

13、Passagewemayconcludeiliai,12.VliaiconditioncanbedrawnliointhePassage?13,'1'hetiuthorisinclinedtothinkthat,14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat15,What'sthewriter'sattitude/feelingtowards.,?16,lnthewriteropinion,.,考點四詞義、句義猜測。詞義猜測閱讀理解題考查對文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在

14、字面上，要根據(jù)語境來判斷。此類題的設(shè)問方式主要有1 .Theword".inLinem電nM恒nbe印尿ed2 .Asusedinthepassage,thephrase"."SLlggCStS.3 .Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase"."is/referredto.4 .Theword"."isclosestinmeaningto.猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會&

15、quot;順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、上下文等線索確定詞義。1 .定義法。如：Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子給予annealing以明確的定義，即"退火"。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是"脆"的意思。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,

16、earnsabout650yuanayear.定語從句中100ksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為"牧人"。2 .同位法。如：Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位語部分alargebuildinginoldtimes給出了castle的確切詞義，即"城堡"。Weareonthenightshiftfrommidnightto8A.m.thisweek.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明nightshift是"夜班"的

17、意思。3 .對比法。如：Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是"她今天第一節(jié)上了一半才來"，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向"準時"的結(jié)論。4 .構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）。如：Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以

18、判斷定possibility意思是"可能性"。5 .因果法。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.從后面的結(jié)果"永遠不能再運動”中，可以推測permanent的意思為“永遠的，永久”。故事類文章是高考閱讀理解常選材料之一。這類文章常通過敘述突出人物性格特征或講述個人經(jīng)歷與感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時間、地點、人物、事件等。有些是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過

19、程中有詳有略；有些是按時間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。1、高考選用的此類文章常常為幽默類或情感類故事，其目的或闡明某種觀點，或抨擊某種陋習(xí)，或贊揚某種品德，所以要關(guān)注作者表達的個人感悟，提出的個人意見，或故事中出其不意的變化，而這些往往體現(xiàn)文章中心或?qū)懽饕鈭D，屬于必考點。2、該類文章語言流暢、有趣，命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對細節(jié)的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。這類文章同學(xué)們常有文章易懂，題目不易做的感覺。要注意培養(yǎng)自己快速閱讀的習(xí)慣。切不可在個別難懂的詞句上停留太久，耽誤時間。3、對整篇短文內(nèi)容有了一定的了解后，要馬上看短

20、文后的問題，帶著問題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點。例如：如果問題或選項涉及到人名、地名，就應(yīng)該找首字母大寫的單詞；如果問題或選項涉及時間、日期、數(shù)字，就應(yīng)該尋找具體的數(shù)據(jù)?！镜淅饰觥縎urvivingHurricaneSandy（颶風(fēng)桑迪）It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysosp（NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthe

21、wavefromherhouse.says.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,NataliefamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNata

22、lie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.NataliesschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingan

23、dtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome,“Nataliesays."butIcanalwayschoo;withit."Natalieschoicewastohelp.Shecr

24、eatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball

25、;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars（創(chuàng)痕）ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsare

26、clear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt."Ican'imaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,“Nataliedeclares."Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”59 .WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound.A. somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB. herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC. herschoolhadmovedtoBro

27、oklynD. theelderlywerefreefromsuffering60 .Accordingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildB. ThepeopletrappedinhighrisebuildingC. ThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsD. Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople61 .HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A. Shegavehertoystot

28、hekidsB. ShetookcareofyoungerchildrenC. ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpD. Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform62 .Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.LittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceB.AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC. EastorWest,homeisbestD. Technologyispower【文章大意】Natalie是一個14歲的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了颶風(fēng)桑迪的襲擊

29、，受災(zāi)嚴重?？吹饺藗冊趲椭亦l(xiāng)重建，Natalie也加入了進去，Natalie創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)站來分享求助信息，幫助捐贈者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行為得到了社會的認可和表揚。59.B【解析】段落大意題.A項未提及j根據(jù)第三段NataliesschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporartiyattendaschoolinBmoEyn"可知!學(xué)校沒有搬走，而是暫時去Brooki上學(xué)，狎眸0根據(jù)"peopleweresuffering,especiallythe匕H聆'根據(jù)VTienreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,

30、theyfoundtheirneighborhoodmrums,“可知，他們的街區(qū)飄眼風(fēng)毀了，故選B。60 .A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie."可知，那些幫助Rockaway恢復(fù)重建的人給了Natalie鼓舞，故選A。61 .D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段"Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp."可知，Nat

31、alie創(chuàng)建了一個網(wǎng)站來分享和匹配求助信息和捐贈信息，故選D。62 .A【解析】寫作意圖題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.”可知，Natalie的助人行為得到了社會的認可和贊揚，說明小人物也可以有大作為，故選AoPassage1（2018年新課標卷III）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時間記敘文中國建筑設(shè)計師王潮3725分鐘Whilefamousforeignarchitectsar

32、einvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrizewhichisof

33、tenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitectureonFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt（CAA）.HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus（校園）oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.

34、ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves（曲線）ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedthewo

35、rkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofC

36、hinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid."ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,tra

37、ditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid."Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshould

38、becombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.28. Wang'swiningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare.A. followingthelatestworldtrendB. gettinginternationalrecognitionC. workingharderthaneverbeforeD. relyingonforeignarchitects29. Whatimpressedvisitors

39、totheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.30. WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A. Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B. ThebalanceofEastandWest.C. Theuseofpopulartechniques.D. Theharmonyofoldandnew.31. WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetrad

40、itionsaccordingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpractice.【文章大意】文章主要介紹了中國建筑設(shè)計師王潮在其作品中融合中國傳統(tǒng)建筑文化，獲得了建筑界的諾貝爾獎一一普利策獎，這讓中國建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國際認可。28.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容可知，王潮獲得2012年普利策獎，而普利策獎相當(dāng)于建筑界的諾貝爾獎，他是第一個獲此獎的中國人，故推知中國建筑現(xiàn)在得到了國際認可。故B項正確。29.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題“

41、根據(jù)文章第四段對CAA校園的描述可知，它的設(shè)計風(fēng)格獨特，與大多數(shù)中國大學(xué)的校園彳艮不同，許多游客感對復(fù)雜的建筑空間和豐富的建筑類型額I吃驚，故C正確口30-D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段1995年普利策獎的獲得者TadaoAndo的評語可知，王渤設(shè)計的成功之處是把中國傳統(tǒng)元素融入現(xiàn)代設(shè)計，并保持兩者的和諧，故D正確。31.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段和倒數(shù)第三段中Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated可知，傳統(tǒng)的研究要與實踐相結(jié)合，在實踐中進行再

42、創(chuàng)造，否則就會是人工的和空的，故D正確。Passage2（2018年北東卷）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時間記敘文自己A次跑馬拉松，憑借自己的意志力成功跑完全程3385分鐘MyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,the

43、teacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.Helaterinformedmethatnowathletic".TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebatt

44、leagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'eVenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:"GOFO

45、RIT,RUNNERS!"Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.

46、Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標簽）,Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner".36. Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor.D.losthopeA.waswelltrained

47、B.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorun37. WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A. Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B. Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C. Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D. Toshareapreciousmemory.38. Howwastheauthor'firstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstpr

48、ize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.39. Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A. Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B. Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C. Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D. Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.【文章大意】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了自己第一次跑馬拉松，憑借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的勵志故事。36一C【解析】細節(jié)理解題q根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句丫4Iwasdeterminedtogoahead可知，馬拉松騫前一個

49、月盡管作者腳踝受傷使得訓(xùn)練時間縮短，但作者仍下定決心參賽。故選C。37 .C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文童第二段】doeitherwell.Helaterinformedmethat1was"notathletic可知，作者提到7年級的事情是為了證明自己真的沒有運動天賦口故選C。38 .A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第10段Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.可知，作者堅持到了

50、最后，而且得到了一塊獎牌，雖然不是第一名，由此可見他成功地跑完了馬拉松。故選A。39 .B【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者在講述自己跑馬拉松的經(jīng)歷，再根據(jù)最后一段Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標簽）,Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner".可知，作者成功跑完馬拉松源于自己的意志。故選B。Passage3（2018年浙江卷）體裁；話題詞數(shù)難度建議時間記敘文CharlesDickens在英國小說方圓的重要貝獻和深遠影響3245分鐘In1812,th

51、eyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.PeoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacenturymostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionap

52、pearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady."Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadersh

53、ipandwhosecharactersfromOliverTwisttoTinyTim-wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallengedRemovinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisa

54、numbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It'spartly!thatDickensstyleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.Itspartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politic

55、alandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossibleandimportantforourownculturetounderstandhowhemadehims

56、elfalastingone.21. WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A. Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B. Theywerepopularamongtherich.C. Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D. Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.22. DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress.A. hisreputationinFranceB. hisintere

57、stinmodernartC. hissuccessinpublicationD. hisimportanceinliterature23. Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A. Torememberagreatwriter.B. TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C. Toencouragestudiesonculture.D. TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.【文章大意】本文寫于CharlesDickens誕辰200周年前夕，介紹了CharlesDickens在英國小說方面的重要貢

58、獻和深遠影響。21 .C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段對當(dāng)時情況的描寫nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（識字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors.Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.印刷技術(shù)落后，人們識字率低，作品上

59、沒有作者名字，小說被認為是愚蠢的不正常的，毫無價值可言。故選Co22 D解析】推理判斷題«根據(jù)第二段3Akens'卯匕atness15unchal和列舉的CharlesDickens小說的影響可知，把他和MonaLisa相比是為了說明CharlesDickens在英國小說方面的重要性和ManaLisa在繪畫方面的重要性是一樣的，故選口。23 .A【解析】寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文中對CharlesDickens及其作品在英國小說史上重要性的描寫，和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossibleandimportantforourownculturetounderstandhowhemadehimselfalasti