英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)的解題步驟及解題技巧

1、書(shū)面表達(dá)的解題步驟及解題技巧應(yīng)該能把要點(diǎn)說(shuō)全，而且能說(shuō)好。寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意有條理地陳述要點(diǎn)，將兩種觀點(diǎn)陳述清楚的同時(shí)不忘表明自己的態(tài)度，而且對(duì)自己的態(tài)度作重點(diǎn)闡述。具體可以按如下步驟：第一步，編寫(xiě)提綱，列出重點(diǎn)詞匯。第二步，將詞匯擴(kuò)展成句子。第三步，用合適的關(guān)連詞、過(guò)渡語(yǔ)使句子順利成章。最后通讀全文，作修改和補(bǔ)充。確定時(shí)態(tài)。因漢語(yǔ)中無(wú)此語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，不少考生常犯此類錯(cuò)誤?？忌獜?qiáng)化這方面的意識(shí)，因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)句子都涉及時(shí)態(tài)，高考評(píng)分要求中時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤原則上從應(yīng)得分中扣除5分。因此，考生務(wù)必根據(jù)文意，確定全文正確時(shí)態(tài)。為避免題目中的要點(diǎn)遺漏，杜絕文不對(duì)題的語(yǔ)句，可先將這些要點(diǎn)逐條譯成英語(yǔ)。所列要點(diǎn)可以是主要的動(dòng)

2、詞、動(dòng)詞詞組、短語(yǔ)及句型。要使用自己熟悉的詞匯或句型來(lái)表達(dá)。選用正確的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，把所列的詞、詞組、短語(yǔ)等擴(kuò)展成句。并運(yùn)用表示遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、選擇的連詞或具有連接意義的副詞或過(guò)渡句等將所列的語(yǔ)句連成完整的語(yǔ)篇。全文應(yīng)過(guò)渡自然，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，前后連貫。這是書(shū)面表達(dá)中最關(guān)鍵的一步。應(yīng)從以下四個(gè)角度進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的審核與修改：1. 詞法角度。主要檢查所用詞語(yǔ)是否正確，搭配是否妥當(dāng)；拼寫(xiě)是否有誤；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)是否到位；代詞的格和性是否恰當(dāng)；詞性是否混淆等；2. 句法角度。主要檢查句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整；動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確；人稱是否符合要求；主謂是否一致；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否恰當(dāng)；句子的表達(dá)是否符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣等；3.

3、語(yǔ)篇角度。主要檢查文章體裁、格式是否正確；詞數(shù)是否符合要求；要點(diǎn)是否遺漏或誤解；情節(jié)發(fā)展是否合理；過(guò)渡詞句是否自然；語(yǔ)篇是否連貫；行文是否符合邏輯等。4. 書(shū)寫(xiě)角度。主要檢查字母大小寫(xiě)是否恰當(dāng)勻稱；標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否運(yùn)用正確；是否符合英語(yǔ)規(guī)范；書(shū)寫(xiě)是否工整；斜體是否一致；卷面是否整潔等。“字體美觀，格式正確，卷面整潔”是贏得閱卷老師“情感分”的首要因素。影響書(shū)面表達(dá)得分的幾個(gè)因素高考書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：第五檔（很好）（21-25分）完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力；有效地使用了語(yǔ)

4、句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。第四檔（好）（16-20分）：完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。雖漏掉1、2個(gè)次重點(diǎn)，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容；應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求；語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要是因嘗試復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致；應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。第三檔（適當(dāng)）（11-15分）：基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容；有語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解；應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫；整體而言，基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。寫(xiě)作一定要分段高考英文作文30例活用句型用于文章

5、承轉(zhuǎn)句 1. 那就是(說(shuō))；亦即That is to say, = That is, = Namely, 例：我們生活需有規(guī)律。也就是說(shuō)，早睡早起戒除煙酒。We need to live a regular life. That is, we can keep good hours and refrain from smoking and drinking in the daily activities. 2. (A) 基于這個(gè)理由 For this reason (B) 為了這個(gè)目的 For this purpose, 例：基于這個(gè)理由，我已決定把行醫(yī)作為未來(lái)的職業(yè)。For this rea

6、son, I have decided to take practicing medicine as my future career.3. 我們有理由相信We have reasons to believe (that)子句例：我們有理由相信體罰應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格禁止。We have reasons to believe that corporal punishment should be strictly prohibited.4. 事實(shí)上As a matter of fact, = In fact, 例：事實(shí)上健康才是最重要。As a matter of fact, it is health th

7、at counts.5. (A) 例如 For example, (B) 拿做例子Take for example.例：例如我們盲目地提高生活水準(zhǔn)，卻降低生活品質(zhì)。For example, we elevate the living standards blindly, but lower the quality of life.6. 此外我們不應(yīng)忽視Besides (In addition), we should not neglect 例：此外，我們不應(yīng)忽視每個(gè)人都想要一個(gè)溫馨祥和的社會(huì)。In addition, we should not neglect that everyone wa

8、nts a friendly and peaceful society.7. 相反地on the contrary, = by contrast, 例：相反地少數(shù)學(xué)生似乎還在鬼混。On the contrary, a few students, it seems, are still fooling around.8. 另一方面on the other hand, 例：政府應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)法，另一方面大眾也應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)減少污染的好習(xí)慣。The government should enforce laws strictly. On the other hand, the public also should

9、 develop the good habit of reducing pollution.9. 然而很可惜的是However, it is a pity that子句例：然而很可惜的是他總是臨時(shí)抱佛腳。However, it is a pity that he should always cram at the eleventh hour.10. 換言之in other words, = to put it differently例：換言之我會(huì)盡最大的努力達(dá)成我的目標(biāo)。In other words, I will try my best to attain (gain, live up to

10、) my goal.11. 別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)，但我不是。我認(rèn)為It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that子句例：別人可能認(rèn)為這是事實(shí)，但我不是。我認(rèn)為It may be true as assumed by others, but I dont. I believe that if you have strong determination and perseverance, the success will certainly come to you in the end.12. 從此之后我已發(fā)現(xiàn)Ever

11、 since then, I have found that子句例：從此之后我已發(fā)現(xiàn)Ever since then, I have found smile the best way to avoid any possible conflicts in our daily lives.13. 這樣說(shuō)來(lái)，假如當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地In this light, if, there can surely be no doubt (that) 子句例：這樣說(shuō)來(lái)，假如我們能善用時(shí)間，當(dāng)然毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地我們會(huì)成功。In this light, if we can make good use of time, there

12、 can surely be no doubt that we will get somewhere.14. 更嚴(yán)重的是What is more serious is (that)子句例：更嚴(yán)重的是我們不珍惜野生動(dòng)物。What is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.15. 鑒于社會(huì)的實(shí)際需要In view of the practical need of society, .例：鑒于社會(huì)的實(shí)際需要，愈來(lái)愈多人對(duì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)有興趣。In view of the practical need of society, there ar

13、e more and more people interested in learning English.用于文章結(jié)論句16. 如果能實(shí)踐這三點(diǎn)If one can really put the three points into action (practice), 例：如果能實(shí)踐這三點(diǎn)。If one can really put the three points into action(practice), he will surely be able to live a healthy and happy life.17. 做這些簡(jiǎn)單之事，我們一定可以By doing these si

14、mple things, we surely can .例：做這些簡(jiǎn)單之事，我們一定可以快樂(lè)出門(mén)平安回家。By doing these simple things, we surely can go out of the door happily and come back home safe every day.18. 如此我相信In this way, I believe (that)子句例：如此，我相信大家能夠像我一樣享受乘坐公車(chē)的樂(lè)趣。In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride

15、 like me.19. 實(shí)踐這些By putting them (the above) into practice, .例：實(shí)踐這些，在智育方面我一直能不斷進(jìn)步。By putting them(the above) into practice, I have been able to make constant progress in intellectual education.20. (A) 唯有符合此三項(xiàng)要求，我們才能Only by living up to the three requirements, can we .(B) 唯有通力合作，我們才能Only with combine

16、d efforts, can we .例：唯有通力合作，我們才能期望臺(tái)灣不久有新的面貌。Only with combined efforts, can we expect Taiwan to take a new face in due course.21. 最后，但并非最不重要Last but no least, .例：最后，但并非最不重要，教育上的缺失是助長(zhǎng)青少年犯罪的原因。Last but no least, the shortcoming in education is the cause contributing to juvenile delinquency.22. 這證據(jù)顯示的重

17、要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。This evidence shows that the importance of .cannot be overemphasized.例：這證據(jù)顯示交通安全的重要性在怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)都不為過(guò)。This evidence shows that the importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.23. 由于這些理由，我For these reasons, I .例：由于這些理由，我認(rèn)為在臺(tái)灣接受大學(xué)教育是明智的。For these reasons, I think that receiving college e

18、ducation in Taiwan is wise.24. 總而言之In conclusion, = To sum up, 例：總而言之好國(guó)民應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。In conclusion, a good citizen should abide by traffic regulations.25. 因此我們能下個(gè)結(jié)論，那就是We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (that)子句例：因此我們能下個(gè)結(jié)論，那就是世上自由最珍貴。We can, therefore, come to the conclusion that nothing is so pr

19、ecious as freedom in the world.26. 如果我們能做到如上所述，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt (that)子句例：如果我們能做到如上所述，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地，我們就能精通英語(yǔ)。If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that we can master English.27. 因此，這就是的原因Thus, this is the reason why .例：因此，這就是我重感冒的原因。Thus, this is t

20、he reason why I caught a bad cold.28. 所以，我們應(yīng)該了解Therefore, we should realize (that)子句例：所以，我們應(yīng)該了解學(xué)英文不能沒(méi)有字典。Therefore, we should realize that in learning English we cannot do without a dictionary.29. 因此，由上列的討論我們可以明了We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion (that)子句例：因此，由上列的討論我們可以明了毅力可以克服任

21、何困難。We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.30. 1. 從觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看 From the point of view, 2. 根據(jù)的看法 According to point of view, .例：從政治的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，F(xiàn)rom the political point常見(jiàn)的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)有：并列類and； also； not only but also； neithernor；as well as轉(zhuǎn)折類but； however； neve

22、rtheless 遞進(jìn)類even； besides； whats more； to make things even worse時(shí)序類first； next； then； shortly after； finally； meanwhile強(qiáng)調(diào)類especially； indeed； at least； 例證類for example； such as； like； in ones opinion； that is (to say)對(duì)比類on the contrary； on the other hand； while； (al)though因果類thanks to； because； as a

23、result； so； due to； so that總結(jié)類in a word； in short； as you know； generally speaking學(xué)生習(xí)作：TV And WebsiteTV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites also have different sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in. They are d

24、ifferent in many ways. Moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs change every day. Professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Some information on websites changes all the time. Not all of it is so updated. Everyb

25、ody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter.Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better.分析：這段文字用簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)，它們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清，意思支離破碎。如果使用過(guò)渡詞，將單句與其前后合并，形成主次關(guān)系，就把一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容和關(guān)系表達(dá)得層次清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。修改后的文章： TV and WebsiteBoth TV and website are popular media. They have s

26、omething in common. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in. However, they are different in many ways. Above all, moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation, which makes you f

27、eel as if you are just on the spot. Then, the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Unlike TV, some information on websites change all the time, but not all of it is so updated. In addition, everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional re

28、porter.In a word, every medium has its own features, so it is hard to say which is better. 修改后的文章用過(guò)渡詞來(lái)銜接上下段第一段第一句為：Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common.第二段第一句為：However, they are different in many ways.第三段第一句為：In a word, every medium has its own features這篇短文每一段的第一句都是主題

29、句，在每個(gè)主題句前使用bothand, however, in a word使全文有序地銜接起來(lái)。修改后的文章中還恰當(dāng)?shù)氖褂昧似渌囊恍┻^(guò)渡詞，也使文章增色不少。以下我們?cè)谝黄鹂匆豢?005年高考江西卷書(shū)面表達(dá)試題及參考例文，注意其中過(guò)渡詞的使用。原題：人們對(duì)于學(xué)生網(wǎng)上交友持不同意見(jiàn)。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于學(xué)生網(wǎng)上交友的短文，介紹人們的不同觀點(diǎn)，并表達(dá)自己的看法。贊成的理由反對(duì)的理由你的看法1廣交朋友2可自由表達(dá)思想3利于外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)1浪費(fèi)時(shí)間2影響學(xué)習(xí)3可能上當(dāng)受騙？注意：1文章必須包括表中的全部?jī)?nèi)容。2詞數(shù)為100左右。3參考詞匯： 網(wǎng)絡(luò)朋友on-line friend(s)，上當(dāng)受騙to be

30、 cheated范文：:Should students make friends on line? Some people say yes. The internet helps make many friends. Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, and even get help with their foreign language studies.Others, however, think students should not. They say maki

31、ng friends on line is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides, some students get cheated on line.It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other pe

32、ople around us.下面我們來(lái)具體看一篇英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)學(xué)生習(xí)作如何修改：原題：假設(shè)你叫李華，今年暑假你的朋友Jane及其家人要到北戴河度假。她想租一套合適的住房。你碰巧在網(wǎng)上發(fā)現(xiàn)幾則租房廣告，認(rèn)為其中一個(gè)較為合適，于是你將廣告中的相關(guān)信息用e-mail發(fā)給Jane，供她參考。內(nèi)容：房子位于城區(qū)，距機(jī)場(chǎng)高速公路僅一公里；備有安全系數(shù)高的停車(chē)場(chǎng)；附近有醫(yī)院和現(xiàn)代化購(gòu)物中心；要了解更詳細(xì)的情況，請(qǐng)查閱網(wǎng)址。100詞左右。學(xué)生習(xí)作：Dear Jane,Im very glad to hear you will come to Beidahe to spend your summer holid

33、ay with your family. Ive just read several ads for house rent from the Internet, they might interest you, I think.One of the flat lies in the city seems to be suitable. It is only one km from the flat to the freeway leading to the airport, meanwhile, there is a safely-guarded parking area. And you c

34、an find a hospital and a modern shopping center nearby. The good designed flat looks fine and there is enough room for your family. If you need father information, you may look up the webside “www.”.評(píng)析：就文章內(nèi)容而言，這是一篇相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的學(xué)生習(xí)作。要點(diǎn)齊全、行文連貫、條理清晰；當(dāng)然，習(xí)作也有不少不足之處。以下我們一起按步驟來(lái)檢查一下這篇習(xí)作。1）字?jǐn)?shù)：本文每行大約18個(gè)單詞，6行左右，總計(jì)100詞

35、左右。字?jǐn)?shù)符合題目要求。2）段落：本文分為兩段，基本合理。也可把最后一句話“If you need father information, you may look up the webside “www.”.”另起一段。3) 本文是一篇e-mail，屬于書(shū)信，應(yīng)有固定格式。但該篇習(xí)作作者忽視了這一點(diǎn)，文章缺少了結(jié)束語(yǔ)和署名。須在正文后另起一行，空34個(gè)字符加上結(jié)束語(yǔ)，如“Best wishes!”；在右下角署名“Yours, Li Hua”。4）就該篇文章的遣詞造句而言，interest you, safely-guarded等詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用增強(qiáng)了文章的表達(dá)力度，總體還是相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的。5）檢查拼寫(xiě)

36、、標(biāo)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。A. “wiil come”應(yīng)該成“are coming”，因?yàn)閏ome，go，leave等瞬間動(dòng)詞ichangyong進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)將來(lái)。B. “，they”此處可將逗號(hào)改為句號(hào)，“they”首字母大寫(xiě)；或真該為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定于從句。C. 根據(jù)語(yǔ)意，此處“l(fā)ies”應(yīng)改為“l(fā)ying”，分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)。D. “meanwhile”是副詞而非連詞，不能連接兩個(gè)句子。此處，可在“meanwhile”前加“and”；或者逗號(hào)改稱句號(hào)，變成兩個(gè)句子。E. “And you can find a hospital and a modern shopping center n

37、earby.”此句改為there be句型：“And there is a hospital and a modern shopping center as well nearby.”使前后舉行一致，行文更連貫。F. 用詞不當(dāng)，此處“farther”應(yīng)該為“further”。6) 再次檢查卷面是否整潔。下面是修改后的文章：Dear Jane,Im very glad to hear you are coming to Beidahe to spend your summer holiday with your family. Ive just read several ads for hous

38、e rent from the Internet, which might interest you, I think.One of the flat lying in the city seems to be suitable. It is only one km from the flat to the freeway leading to the airport, and meanwhile, there is a safely-guarded parking area. And there is a hospital and a modern shopping center as we

39、ll nearby. The good designed flat looks fine and there is enough room for your family. If you need further information, you may look up the webside “www.”.Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua運(yùn)用以上講解的書(shū)面表達(dá)寫(xiě)作技巧，我們?cè)賮?lái)看下面這樣一篇書(shū)面表達(dá):原題：聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織某考察團(tuán)正在我國(guó)某鄉(xiāng)村參觀考察.假定你是接待人員,請(qǐng)根據(jù)下列提示以發(fā)言稿的形式簡(jiǎn)要介紹這個(gè)村的情況：大小:近100戶人家,約500口人。變化:過(guò)去很窮,

40、78年后變化很大.人們生活比以前好多了?，F(xiàn)已舊貌換新顏。教育:原來(lái)的學(xué)校很小,現(xiàn)已經(jīng)過(guò)改建.新建的教學(xué)樓有4層,是村里最美的建筑物.村所有學(xué)齡兒童在此免費(fèi)就讀。注意：(1)要點(diǎn)齊全,前后連貫。(2)詞數(shù):100-120之間。分析: 根據(jù)試題中所提供要點(diǎn),將所需要的語(yǔ)言材料準(zhǔn)備好。可以只列出主要的詞、詞組、短語(yǔ)及句型。 100 families and 500 people used to be very poor/ change a lot/ richer than before/ take on a new look was very small/ have been rebuilt new

41、ly-built/have 4 storeys/ most beautiful building school-age children/ enjoy free education 擴(kuò)展成句,連句成篇；注意體裁、格式。本文為一篇發(fā)言稿，其格式與口頭通知大體相同。因此，短文應(yīng)有稱呼，開(kāi)場(chǎng)及結(jié)束語(yǔ)。既然介紹的是小村，所使用的人稱應(yīng)為it。應(yīng)注意時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)的正確運(yùn)用，并適當(dāng)使用一些連接成分將所列的語(yǔ)句連成完整的語(yǔ)篇。全文應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，前后連貫。Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our village! This village is very small. It has

42、nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very small. Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building. has 4 storeys and it is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. They enjoy free education in it.