初高中英語銜接-句子成分1

1、一一. 句子成分句子成分 二二. 英語基本句型英語基本句型三三. 時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，是句子是由詞按照一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的，是能表達一個完整概念的語言單位句子的第能表達一個完整概念的語言單位句子的第一個字母必須一個字母必須大寫大寫，結(jié)尾要有，結(jié)尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !現(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predica

2、tive）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial) 和補語（complement）。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？ 主語：主語：主語是在句子中說明全句中心主題的主語是在句子中說明全句中心主題的部分一般由名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞或從部分一般由名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞或從句充當它的位置一般在句首句充當它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.T

3、hey are good friends.謂語：謂語： 謂語說明主語做什么，是什么，怎么樣，謂語說明主語做什么，是什么，怎么樣，由簡單動詞或者動詞短語構(gòu)成由簡單動詞或者動詞短語構(gòu)成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.表語：表語： 表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，短語，容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，短語，或者從句充當表語位于系動詞后面或者從

4、句充當表語位于系動詞后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.賓語賓語 賓語是動作，行為的對象，由名詞，代詞，賓語是動作，行為的對象，由名詞，代詞，短語，不定式，動名詞，從句充當它和及短語，不定式，動名詞，從句充當它和及物動詞一起說明主語做了什么，在謂語之物動詞一起說明主語做了什么，在謂語之后后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.

5、She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.賓語補足語賓語補足語 在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思思它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用 它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，現(xiàn)它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞充當在分詞和過去分詞充當 If you let me go, Il

6、l make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.狀語狀語 狀語用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞它表示行為發(fā)狀語用來修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞它表示行為發(fā)生的時間，地點，目的，方式，程度一般由副詞，生的時間，地點，目的，方式，程度一般由副詞，介詞短語，不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語充當，介詞短語，不

7、定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語充當，也可由從句來充當也可由從句來充當He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.定語定語 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，代詞，數(shù)定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞

8、，從句都可以充當定語從句都可以充當定語 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.一一、挑出下列句中的賓語挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak En

9、glish. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.二二、挑出下列句中的表語挑出下列句中的表語- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in th

10、e subject.三三、挑出下列句中的定語挑出下列句中的定語1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!四四、挑出下列句中的賓語補足語挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room

11、. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.五五、挑出下列句中的狀語挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on th

12、e motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.劃分句子成分劃分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that

13、youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell （your） fr

14、iend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk (when the window was open).4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主語謂語謂語間賓間賓定語直接

15、賓語原因狀語原因狀語主語 謂語謂語賓語賓語 HOMEWORK一、翻譯下列句子，并在系動詞下劃線。1. Five and five is ten. 2. His father is in. 3. The picture is on the wall. 4. My watch is gone / missing / lost. 5. The question is whether they will come. 6. It sounds a good idea. 7. Tom looks thin. 8. The food smells delicious. 9. Now I feel tired. 10. The door remains open. 二、翻譯下列句子，并用（ ）標出定語。1. Mr. Zhang is a chemistry teacher. 2. He is our friend. We belong to the third world. 3. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.4. The man over there is my old friend5. The woma