船舶航海性能

1、Lesson 5 Seakeeping Performances Contents ：1. Vocabulary and Sentence 2. Vocabulary summary 3. Exercise 一、一、Vocabulary and Sentencee.g.(P46-1-1)floatability 浮性O(shè)ne of the important seakeeping performances is floatability that indicates the ability of vessel floating positively on water under the cond

2、ition of a certain amount of deadweight.船舶航海性能中一個重要的性能是浮性，浮性是指船舶在載重量一定的情況下浮在水面上的能力。正的、積極的正的、積極的e.g.(P46-2-1)reserve buoyancy 儲備浮力load-line mark 載重線標(biāo)記When we deal with floatability, we must first be clear about the following two technical terms, i.e. reserve buoyancy and load-line mark.處理浮性問題的時候，我們必須

3、清楚兩個術(shù)語：儲備浮力和載重線標(biāo)記。技術(shù)用語、術(shù)語技術(shù)用語、術(shù)語e.g.(P46-3-1)Then, what is the reserve buoyancy? As it is known to all, a ship has to obtain a certain amount of freeboard when shes sailing at sea. 那么，什么是儲備浮力呢？眾所周知，船舶在航行時要獲得一定的干舷。e.g.(P46-3-2) buoyancy 浮力That is to say, to give you a concrete idea, any vessel is to

4、retain some volume above water for the sake of extra buoyancy so that its draft allowed to increase without a sinking tragedy under particular but rare conditions, such as rough sea or serious flooding due to hull damage. 也就是說，具體具體的描述為：船舶為為獲得額外的浮力就要保留保留一些水上部分體積，從而吃水可以在不沉船的（悲劇）（悲?。┣闆r下有所增加，例如當(dāng)遇到?jīng)皾＠嘶蛴?/p>

5、于船體破損破損而嚴(yán)重進(jìn)水這種不太常見的情況。具體的具體的保留保留為了為了悲劇悲劇破損破損e.g.(P46-3-5)For instance, the film, TITANIC, popular in every corner of the world and presenting a moving love story to the sentimental audience, describes the fatal hull damage owing to a huge iceberg. 例如：電影TITANIC眾所周知，它為多愁善感的觀眾講述了一個動人的愛情故事，描述的就是一個由于冰山所導(dǎo)

6、致的沉船故事。多愁善感的多愁善感的觀眾觀眾致命的致命的由于由于冰山冰山e.g.(P46-3-7)This extra buoyancy is called reserve buoyancy; or, to be exact, the reserve buoyancy which is measured by freeboard refers to the watertight volume of hull above load line.這種額外的浮力就叫做儲備浮力，或者更準(zhǔn)確的說，儲備浮力是通過干舷來測量的，指的是船體載重線以上的水密容積。e.g.(P46-4-1) The Rules fo

7、r Load Line 載重線公約In respect of load-Line mark, it denotes a variety of the max. drafts of vessels in different seasons and at varied navigating zones. In China, CCS has worked out “The Rules for Load Line”關(guān)于載重線標(biāo)記，它是指船舶在不同季節(jié)和不同航區(qū)下船舶的最大吃水的變化情況。在中國，CCS船級社已經(jīng)制定出了“載重線公約”。指示、表示指示、表示航區(qū)航區(qū)e.g.(P46-5-1)stabili

8、ty 穩(wěn)性O(shè)ne more seakeeping performance is the stability which is the ability that vessels will incline when affected by an exterior force, such as wind, wave, etc., and will restore its original position on the force removal. 另外一個重要的航海性能是指船舶穩(wěn)性，穩(wěn)性是指船舶受到風(fēng)、浪等外力時發(fā)生傾斜，當(dāng)外力撤銷后能夠回復(fù)到最初位置的能力。外部的外部的恢復(fù)恢復(fù)最初的、原始的最初

9、的、原始的撤銷撤銷傾斜傾斜e.g.(P46-5-3) Stability is, of course, of great importance to shipbuilding since its failure will always lead to heavy loss of life. History has sadly witnessed tragic sinking of vessels so many a time by reason of poor stability. 當(dāng)然，穩(wěn)性對船舶建造來說非常重要，穩(wěn)性的不良經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致生命的嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。歷史已經(jīng)多次見證了由于穩(wěn)性的不良而發(fā)生的沉船

10、悲劇。證明、證據(jù)證明、證據(jù)悲慘的悲慘的e.g.(P46-6-1) metacenter 穩(wěn)心Vessel inclination may be divided into trim and heel. As the metacenter of transversal inclination is much more essential than that of longitudinal inclination, the emphasis is invariably laid on the transversal stability and discussions are often limite

11、d to the small metacentric angle under 15 degrees.船舶的傾斜分為橫傾和縱傾。由于橫穩(wěn)心比縱穩(wěn)心重要的多，所以重點一直放在橫穩(wěn)性上，并且常限于15度以下的小傾角范圍內(nèi)討論。重點重點不變的、恒定的不變的、恒定的度數(shù)度數(shù)重要重要e.g.(P46-7-1)In order to obtain fine stability, precautions will normally be taken in two different ways. On one hand, gravity center is to be lowered; on the other

12、 hand, metacenter to be raised. 為了獲得良好的穩(wěn)性，通常采取兩種不同的方式。一方面降低重心。另一方面提高穩(wěn)心。措施措施e.g.(P46-7-2)The gravity center of a ship to be calculated by means of an inclination test. The test is generally to be performed in calm water and with lovely weather. If you have got a drydock for the test, so much the bett

13、er.船舶重心通過傾斜試驗計算的。試驗通常在靜水和晴朗的天氣下進(jìn)行。如果能在干船塢中進(jìn)行試驗是更好的。傾斜試驗傾斜試驗靜水靜水e.g.(P47-1-1)fast speed 快速性Another seakeeping performances the fast or rapidity which describes the ability for a ship to gain faster speed at lower consumption of power.另外一個航海性能是快速性，描述的是船舶在消耗較低功率時獲得較高速度的能力。消耗消耗功率功率e.g.(P47-2-1)Vessels w

14、ill be affected mainly by water resistance during voyage. We do not bother our brain about air resistance because it is far smaller than water resistance. Perhaps the only exception is high-speed boats.船舶在航行過程中主要受水阻力的影響。我們不要為空氣的阻力而大傷腦筋，因為它遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于水的阻力，在這方面唯一的例外也許就是高速艇 。智慧、大腦智慧、大腦e.g.(P47-3-1) friction r

15、esistance 摩擦阻力swirl resistance 漩渦阻力wave-forming resistance 興波阻力Water resistance to be encountered by a ship consists of friction resistance, swirl resistance and wave-forming( wave-making) resistance.船舶遭受到的水阻力由摩擦阻力、漩渦阻力和興波阻力組成 。遭受到遭受到e.g.(P47-4-1)engine power 主機(jī)功率There are two ways to raise ship spe

16、ed, namely, to minimize water resistance and to increase main engine power. 提高船速可以有兩種途徑，即降低水阻力和增加主機(jī)功率。 e.g.(P47-4-2)bulbous bow 球鼻首rated horsepower 額定馬力effective horsepower 有效馬力To achieve this, a bulbous bow is widely used in many types of ships and the rated horsepower of main engines is generally

17、to be over two times is big as the effective horsepower of ships. 為了提高船速，我們在許多類型的船舶上廣泛采用球鼻艏；另外，一般來說，主機(jī)的額定馬力比船舶的有效馬力要大兩倍多。e.g.(P47-5-1)roll 橫搖橫搖pitch 縱搖縱搖When floating on water or sailing at sea, vessels will roll or pitch owing to wave motions as well as the influence of wind, current and propeller.

18、當(dāng)船舶在水上漂浮或在海上航行時，由于當(dāng)船舶在水上漂浮或在海上航行時，由于波浪的運動、風(fēng)、水流和螺旋槳的影響，波浪的運動、風(fēng)、水流和螺旋槳的影響，船舶會發(fā)生橫搖或縱搖。船舶會發(fā)生橫搖或縱搖。水流、電流、氣流水流、電流、氣流e.g.(P47-6-1)The fatal results of excessive roll and pitch are as follow:First, the ship upsetting arising from excessive inclination due to roll. 過度的橫搖和縱搖會產(chǎn)生如下的致命后果 ：首先，橫搖引起的過度的傾斜導(dǎo)致船舶的傾覆。 致

19、命的致命的過渡的過渡的傾覆傾覆e.g.(P47-7-1)In the next place, the hull structure damage because of sharp roll and pitch as well as the violent movement of bulk cargoes, or even worse the hull might break.第二，引起船體結(jié)構(gòu)的損壞；或者因為劇烈的橫搖和縱搖以及散貨劇烈移動而造成船體的破裂。劇烈的、尖銳的劇烈的、尖銳的猛烈的、強(qiáng)烈的猛烈的、強(qiáng)烈的e.g.(P47-8-1) propulsion plant 推進(jìn)裝置Still

20、next, the affection on the propulsion plant, i.e. the increase of water resistance and the reduction of speed by reason of roll and pitch.其次，推進(jìn)裝置受到影響，即由于橫搖和縱搖，水阻力會增加而船速會降低。降低降低e.g.(P47-9-1)Then, the affection on proper operation of various kinds of machines and instruments.再次，影響各種機(jī)械和儀器的正常運轉(zhuǎn)。 運轉(zhuǎn)運轉(zhuǎn)e.g

21、.(P47-10-1)Last of all, the hard working condition which causes the crew to be seasick.最后，造成引起船員嘔吐的惡劣工作條件 暈船、嘔吐暈船、嘔吐引起引起e.g.(P47-11-1)Therefore, we have to take roll and pitch into our consideration during the design stage, for they are closely related to the whole seakeeping performance.因此，從設(shè)計階段起，我

22、們就必須考慮到橫搖和縱搖，因為它們與航海性能密切相關(guān)。 設(shè)計階段設(shè)計階段e.g.(P47-12-1)roll period 橫搖周期initial metacentric height 初穩(wěn)性高度As you know, the roll period is greatly concerned with the initial metacentric height and, in some degree, stability is contrary to roll. 大家知道，橫搖周期與初穩(wěn)心高關(guān)系很大；某種程度上講，穩(wěn)性與橫搖相矛盾。矛盾矛盾e.g.(P47-12-2)It seems to

23、 be strange that violent roll, as many people might think, is not derived from poor stability.很多人都會感到奇怪，劇烈的橫搖并不是由于穩(wěn)性的不良而引起的。獲得獲得e.g.(P42-13-1) stabilizing unit 減搖裝置So far different stabilizing units have been invented, and found wide application to decreasing roll and pitch. 人們已經(jīng)發(fā)明了不同的減搖裝置，并將其廣泛應(yīng)用于降

24、低橫搖和縱搖中。應(yīng)用應(yīng)用e.g.(P42-13-2) wing buoyant tank 減搖水艙Common stabilizing units now in practical use are bilge keels, stabilizers and wing buoyant tanks.目前普遍使用的減搖裝置有舭龍骨、減搖鰭和減搖水艙。e.g.(P42-14-1) floodability 抗沉性Floodability states the ability for a vessel to keep afloat with sufficient floatability, stabili

25、ty and other seakeeping performances in case one or several compartments are flooded. 抗沉性是指：在船舶一艙或數(shù)艙進(jìn)水的情況下，仍能浮在水面上，并具有足夠的浮性、穩(wěn)性和其他航海性能的能力。 指指一旦、如果一旦、如果e.g.(P42-14-2)Should sea damage take place, reserve buoyance would be the principal condition to keep a vessel afloat.一旦發(fā)生海損時，儲備浮力將是保持船舶漂浮的主要條件。 一旦、萬一

26、一旦、萬一海損海損e.g.(P42-14-4)With the help of the watertight bulkheads and decks which separate the inside of hull into a number of compartments and spaces, reserve buoyance enough is to be retained so that the intake of sea water may be confined to the damaged compartment without water pouring into the a

27、djacent compartments.借助于將船體內(nèi)部劃分為若干艙室的水密艙壁和甲板，船舶可以保持足夠的儲備浮力；因而我們可將進(jìn)水封閉在受損的艙室，海水不至于進(jìn)入相鄰的艙室。 保持保持吸入吸入相鄰的相鄰的灌入、進(jìn)入灌入、進(jìn)入e.g.(P48-2-1) maneuverability 操縱性操縱性The last seakeeping performance that we are coming to is maneuverability, which refers to the ability for a vessel to retain or change its course in a

28、ccordance with the pilots intention. 我們涉及到的最后一個航海性能是操縱性。操縱性指是船舶按照駕駛員的意圖保持或改變航向的能力。航線航線駕駛員駕駛員e.g.(P48-3-1) directional stability 航向穩(wěn)定性turning ability 回轉(zhuǎn)性能Maneuverability is composed of two abilities, that is, the directional stability and the turning ability. 操縱性可分解為兩種能力，即航向穩(wěn)定性和回轉(zhuǎn)性。 e.g.(P48-3-2)The

29、former indicates the ability for a vessel to keep to its given course, while the latter sets forth the ability for a vessel to change its course.前者指船舶保持預(yù)定航線的能力，而后者指船舶改變航向的能力。預(yù)定航線預(yù)定航線e.g.(P48-3-3) turning circle 回轉(zhuǎn)半徑Ocean-going vessels require strict directional stability, whereas short-range ships ask for a better turning abi