基于核心素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)向的中考英語(yǔ)備考策略方案

1、基于核心素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)向中 考 英 語(yǔ) 備 考 策 略突出立德樹(shù)人聚焦核心素養(yǎng)注重教學(xué)導(dǎo)向?qū)W生發(fā)展核心素養(yǎng)，主要指學(xué)生應(yīng)具備的，能夠適應(yīng)終身發(fā)展和社會(huì)發(fā)展需要的必備品格和關(guān)鍵能力。研究學(xué)生發(fā)展核心素養(yǎng)是落實(shí)立德樹(shù)人根本任務(wù)的一項(xiàng)重要舉措，也是適應(yīng)世界教育改革發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、提升我國(guó)教育國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的迫切需要。添加標(biāo)題英語(yǔ)學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)是學(xué)生在接受相應(yīng)學(xué)段英語(yǔ)課程教育的過(guò)程中，逐步形成和提升的適應(yīng)個(gè)人終身發(fā)展和社會(huì)發(fā)展需要的必備品格和關(guān)鍵能力，綜合表現(xiàn)為四大素養(yǎng)，由語(yǔ)言能力、文化品格、思維品質(zhì)和學(xué)習(xí)能力組成。添加標(biāo)題語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言使用并存，互為基礎(chǔ)和前提，相互促進(jìn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)核心素養(yǎng)的初中英語(yǔ)詞匯教學(xué)注重語(yǔ)境創(chuàng)造和

2、理解，將知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和技能發(fā)展融入主題、語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)篇和語(yǔ)用，促進(jìn)文化理解和思維品質(zhì)的形成，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)以致用，指向核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)。 復(fù)習(xí)備考中的誤區(qū) 1、使用試題不加選擇 2、對(duì)學(xué)生作業(yè)不作預(yù)測(cè) 3、不分析學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤原因 4、不講究講評(píng)策略 5、為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案辯解一切為提高近期和遠(yuǎn)期的教學(xué)目標(biāo)達(dá)成服務(wù)。三輪中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)法注重聽(tīng)力的練習(xí)聽(tīng)力題一直都是許多初中生考試中的一道難關(guān)。聽(tīng)力做的好后面的題目會(huì)越做越有信心，而聽(tīng)力做不好對(duì)后面的題目能不能發(fā)揮好影響很大。聽(tīng)力的練習(xí)建立在一定詞匯量的基礎(chǔ)上。注重聽(tīng)力的練習(xí)所以想快速提高初中英語(yǔ)成績(jī)首先就要每天花多個(gè)時(shí)間段去記憶單詞，當(dāng)單詞積累一定程度，你會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)什么閱讀，聽(tīng)說(shuō)

3、將只是多多運(yùn)用就行，初中生們要養(yǎng)成記背單詞的好習(xí)慣，這樣做聽(tīng)力才不會(huì)一頭霧水聽(tīng)不懂。學(xué)會(huì)做閱讀理解題所以想快速提高初中英語(yǔ)成績(jī)首先就要每天花多個(gè)時(shí)間段去記憶單詞，當(dāng)單詞積累一定程度，你會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)什么閱讀，聽(tīng)說(shuō)將只是多多運(yùn)用就行，初中生們要養(yǎng)成記背單詞的好習(xí)慣，這樣做聽(tīng)力才不會(huì)一頭霧水聽(tīng)不懂。學(xué)會(huì)做閱讀理解題再然后可以看閱讀理解的問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題再去讀一遍文章，知道每道題的答案在文章所處的位置，詳細(xì)地讀每個(gè)段落句子選出正確的意思。大部分閱讀理解的最后一題是推理總結(jié)題型，初中生在做這類題時(shí)要排除自身的理解干擾，冷靜審題，注意文章的細(xì)枝末節(jié)。1、代詞 （人稱、物主、不定） 2、名詞 (復(fù)數(shù)、所有格) 3、

4、形容詞（比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)，辨析）4、副詞（比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)）5、連詞 （并列連詞and, or, but, so, for, bothand, eitheror, neithernor, not only but also、從屬連詞that, when, while, till, until, since, because, if, thoughalthough, sothat） ?？嫉恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)12、賓語(yǔ)從句 13、狀語(yǔ)從句（時(shí)間、條件） 14、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去，將來(lái)， 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）15、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞理解 16、主謂一致 17、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 18、定語(yǔ)從句 19、 it 的用法 20、th

5、ere be句型?？嫉恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)一輪專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)方式 勤梳理 They made shoes in that factory. They will make shoes in that factory. They would make shoes in that factory. They can make shoes in that factory. They have made shoes in that factory. They had made shoes in that factory. They are making shoes in that factory. They were ma

6、king shoes in that factory. 1）帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) （）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth. Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home. Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home. watch let have hear see notice(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He

7、 was seen playing football at that moment. hear / watch /.3. 3. 有雙賓語(yǔ)句子被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)有雙賓語(yǔ)句子被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)BobBob sentsent KateKate a lettera letter last year. last year.Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year. tell ask bring write give teach pass lend to Mum made me a new dr

8、ess. I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum. make buy drawfor 1). 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 如：如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。等。 (口訣：口訣：成功到達(dá)成功到達(dá)但但持續(xù)發(fā)生跌倒死持續(xù)發(fā)生跌倒死掉之事即使摔掉之事即使摔開(kāi)花開(kāi)花也也屬屬意外意外 2).靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) have / fit 3).

9、祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4).系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) The fish tastes good. 5).某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。 The book sells well. The watch needs mending .境應(yīng)視為重點(diǎn)。 初三復(fù)習(xí)階段的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)常常是枯燥的。無(wú)非是老師將定義再次講解一下、舉一些例子分析、在釋疑之后大量的練習(xí)、最后對(duì)答案。講，對(duì)學(xué)生不夠熟練的要重點(diǎn)講。親自做一遍 ： 教師要體會(huì)試題的難易度，教師本人做的答案和參考答案不一樣是常有的事。統(tǒng)計(jì)錯(cuò)誤頻率 ： 出錯(cuò)多

10、的題目應(yīng)是評(píng)講的重點(diǎn)。對(duì)錯(cuò)誤原因、類型進(jìn)行調(diào)查和反思： 教師要查找每題錯(cuò)誤的類型和根源。例如：動(dòng)詞形式填空：Mrs. Black told me she _ (not take)Tom to New York the next week. 學(xué)生給出的錯(cuò)誤答案：not to take教師主觀臆想原因：學(xué)生不知道賓語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成。學(xué)生實(shí)際出錯(cuò)原因：混淆 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 和 tell sb. (that) 從句兩種句型。上面例子說(shuō)明，教師如果想當(dāng)然地給學(xué)生大談賓語(yǔ)從句，肯定沒(méi)有效果；通過(guò)和學(xué)生溝通，挖出了根源，再給學(xué)生評(píng)講，則會(huì)讓學(xué)生茅塞頓開(kāi)。1、快速瀏覽。2、帶著

11、問(wèn)題，找答案。 （找出處、劃線）3、仔細(xì)斟酌不確定的答案。4、核對(duì)。（總體把握） 閱讀理解答題步驟 如何才能巧答閱讀理解題呢？可以采取以下幾種應(yīng)試技巧和解題步驟：該題型的特點(diǎn)是: 1. 命題靈活，題型多樣。任務(wù)可以是回答問(wèn)題、完成表格信息、翻譯句子、詞語(yǔ)填空、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、邏輯推理、概括歸納等多種形式，也可以融合以上題型。 2. 可難可易，便于操作。 3. 聯(lián)系實(shí)際，實(shí)用性強(qiáng) 4. 具有時(shí)代性 5. 突出體現(xiàn)學(xué)生“綜合語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用能力”任務(wù)型閱讀1如果是問(wèn)答題，一定要依據(jù)問(wèn)句的形式和內(nèi)容答題。一般疑問(wèn)句要用yes或no來(lái)回答，特殊疑問(wèn)句要根據(jù)特殊疑問(wèn)詞具體回答。2. 如果是信息填空題應(yīng)注意句子的意義

12、和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、第三人稱單數(shù)、詞性、詞語(yǔ)搭配等。3. 如果是翻譯句子應(yīng)注意結(jié)合上下文具體的語(yǔ)境。4. 如果是概括主題思想或者自擬題目，一定要找到主題句(往往是首句或結(jié)尾句)。如果沒(méi)有主題句，概括時(shí)應(yīng)全面簡(jiǎn)練。 解題技巧weeks. The chick must learn to fly quickly. When it is four months old, the parents leave it. Then the young albatross must find its own food. Albatrosses are big. Their wings measure mo

13、re than two meters from tip to tip. They can fly for many days without stopping. They can even sleep while they are flying! Albatrosses use the wind to help them fly. With the wind under them, they dont need to move their wings for many hours. Albatrosses can live for forty or fifty years. Like sail

14、ors, they live most of their lives at sea. Perhaps that is why sailors call albatrosses their friends._ 5. Why do the sailors regard albatrosses as their friends?_答案：1. F 2. 有時(shí)，信天翁為了給小鳥(niǎo)覓食（甚至）要飛行3,000多公里。 3. Fish 4. When the chicks are four months old. (their parents (will) leave them.) 5. Because al

15、batrosses live most of their lives at sea.)初中英語(yǔ)作文中常見(jiàn)的十種語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤！學(xué)考英語(yǔ)作文對(duì)考生的基本要求歸納為以下四點(diǎn)：內(nèi)容要完整；語(yǔ)句流暢；沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤；書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范。能達(dá)到上述要求的作文，作文得分基本上不會(huì)低于平均水平。一、主謂關(guān)系中人稱和數(shù)量不一致性漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)量的影響，但英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)保持一致，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要隨著主語(yǔ)變化而變化。而學(xué)生受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，往往沒(méi)有習(xí)慣去考慮主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。一、主謂關(guān)系中人稱和數(shù)量不一致性錯(cuò)誤例子：a. A number of students is going to learn a

16、 foreign language.b. He go to school by bike every day.正確例子：a. A number of students are going to learn a foreign language.b. He goes to school by bike every day.一、主謂關(guān)系中人稱和數(shù)量不一致性分析：a句中a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。b中 He是第三人稱單數(shù)，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞go應(yīng)該加es。二、時(shí)態(tài)初中學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中經(jīng)常在時(shí)態(tài)方面犯錯(cuò)誤。英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)種類繁多，動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式隨著時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。中

17、文里沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)分。動(dòng)作或動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間由跟在動(dòng)詞后的諸如 “著”“了”“過(guò)”等副詞來(lái)表示，對(duì)初中生來(lái)說(shuō)，掌握英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不是很容易。二、時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤例子：a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.b. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.正確例子：a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.b. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.二、時(shí)態(tài)分析：a句是一個(gè)常識(shí)問(wèn)題，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。b句主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

18、三、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式在英語(yǔ)中比比皆是，學(xué)生由于漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，很少考慮到用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。雖然中文里也有被動(dòng)式的含義，但與英語(yǔ)里被動(dòng)式表達(dá)方式完全不同。英語(yǔ)里的被動(dòng)式要求有助動(dòng)詞be和一個(gè)變異的過(guò)去分詞形式，其中這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞帶有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱數(shù)量信息，中文里需要使用諸如“被”“使”“讓”等詞語(yǔ)，不需要有不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞形式。這對(duì)中國(guó)的學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)就有潛在的困難。三、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤例子：a. New bicycles must keep inside.b. The book has to return at the end of the week.c. The food has cooked.d. Knife

19、should take away from babies.三、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤正確例子：a. New bicycles must be kept inside.b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.c. The food has been cooked.d. Knives should be taken away from babies.三、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤分析：以上句子的問(wèn)題在于沒(méi)有正確運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。四、固定搭配錯(cuò)誤多出現(xiàn)在介詞短語(yǔ)的搭配和固定詞組的搭配上，其中，特殊動(dòng)詞的搭配和用法錯(cuò)誤最為常見(jiàn)。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. He suggested

20、to go there on his bike.b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.四、固定搭配正確例子：a. He suggested going there on his bike.b. My teacher explained the text to me very carefully.c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.分析：中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用很大程度上受

21、到其母語(yǔ)的影響，經(jīng)常直接翻譯，沒(méi)有牢牢記住動(dòng)詞的特殊用法和固定搭配。比如suggest doing sth.;explain sth. to sb.;make sb do sth.五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)生常常對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概念不清楚，對(duì)不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的用法不明白，對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析不正確，常把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.b. I am looking forward to see you.五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞正確例子：a. In the museum there are

22、a lot of interesting things to look at.b. I am looking forward to seeing you.分析：a句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)修飾things，此句缺的是后置定語(yǔ)。b句look forward to是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，look forward to doing sth.六、冠詞的使用冠詞考查分兩個(gè)方面，一是冠詞的殘缺或多余，考生要注意關(guān)于含有冠詞（不含冠詞）的用法以及加冠詞與不加冠詞的區(qū)別，如：in charge of與in the charge of, out of question與out of the question的區(qū)別。二是冠詞th

23、e, a, an（不定冠詞和定冠詞）之間的相互誤用。六、冠詞的使用英漢名詞確有許多共同點(diǎn)，但是也有不少不同點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)名詞有可數(shù)與不可數(shù)之分，漢語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有，且一般情況下，名詞都可受到數(shù)量詞的限制。因此，英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少數(shù)常用不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，學(xué)生往往會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。六、冠詞的使用不過(guò)，在使用英語(yǔ)不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，又會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩種情況，一種是絕不可以用a/an或數(shù)詞來(lái)直接修飾，如上述提及的幾個(gè)名詞;另一種情況是，少數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞在被形容詞修飾后，可用a/an等來(lái)修飾。如time（時(shí)間），rain（雨）。所以我們可以說(shuō)：We

24、had a wonderful time yesterday.六、冠詞的使用錯(cuò)誤例子：a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.六、冠詞的使用正確例子：a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.b.

25、The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.分析：a句中air是不可數(shù)名詞，不需要the，b句中stop在此處的意思是站臺(tái)，表示某一個(gè)站臺(tái)，需要有a來(lái)修飾，c句中太陽(yáng)是專有名詞，需要有the來(lái)修飾。七、代詞的使用代詞主要有人稱代詞、物主代詞、關(guān)系代詞、反身代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、復(fù)合疑問(wèn)代詞、指示代詞，要注意代詞的各人稱之間和單復(fù)數(shù)之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞 which, that,

26、as之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞that與疑問(wèn)代詞what之間的誤用，以及what與how的誤用等。七、代詞的使用錯(cuò)誤例子：a. We do not like he.b. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.c. His book is different from me.七、代詞的使用正確例子：a. We do not like him.b. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.c. His book is different from mine.分析：只要區(qū)

27、分好這些代詞之間的區(qū)別和意思，其實(shí)這些錯(cuò)誤很容易被避免。八、連詞的使用連詞主要有兩類，即并列連詞和從屬連詞，考查點(diǎn)主要是并列連詞（分遞進(jìn)式、轉(zhuǎn)折式、選擇式和因果式四種）之間的誤用（主要是but與so/and之間的誤用），從屬連詞之間的誤用以及并列連詞與從屬連詞之間的誤用等。八、連詞的使用錯(cuò)誤例子：a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.八、連詞的使用正確例子：a. He had little to eat but a large house to