unit8 專業(yè)英語的翻譯－5被動(dòng)句的翻譯ppt課件

1、l科技文章偏重描畫和推理，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀準(zhǔn)確，所以謂語大量地采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，以防止過多的運(yùn)用第一、第二人稱而引起客觀臆斷的印象。英語和漢語都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但兩種言語在運(yùn)用和表達(dá)上不盡一樣。因此，翻譯時(shí)必需對(duì)被動(dòng)句做適當(dāng)?shù)撵`敏處置。l1、英語中有些著重被動(dòng)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)句，為突出其被動(dòng)意義，可直接譯為漢語的被動(dòng)句，翻譯時(shí)最常見的方式是在謂語動(dòng)詞前加“被。但過多的運(yùn)用同一個(gè)詞會(huì)使譯文缺乏文采，因此應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣采用一些其他的方式表達(dá)被動(dòng)態(tài)，如可用：“由、“給、“受、“加以、“把、“使等。如：lThe machine tools are controlled by PLC.l機(jī)床由可編程控制器控制。l2、著重描畫

2、事物過程、性質(zhì)和形狀的英語被動(dòng)句，實(shí)踐上與系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造很相近，往往可譯成漢語的判別句，即將謂語動(dòng)詞放在“是的之間的構(gòu)造。如：lThis kind of device is much needed in the speed-regulating system.l這種安裝在調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中是很需求的。lThe molecules are held together by attractive forces.l譯：分子由引力聚集在一同。lThe speed of a generator is controlled by the prime move.l譯：發(fā)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速受原動(dòng)機(jī)控制。lSome plastics

3、 have been discovered by accident.l譯：某些塑料是偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)的。lThe frequency ,wave length and speed of sound are closely related.l譯：聲音的頻率、波長和速度三者是親密相關(guān)的。l3、英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有時(shí)可改譯成漢語的自動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)原句中主語為無生命的名詞，而又由介詞by引導(dǎo)的行為主體時(shí)，可將原句的主語仍譯為主語，按照漢語習(xí)慣表述成自動(dòng)句，由于漢語中很多情況下，表達(dá)被動(dòng)的含義通常不需求加“被字，而采用自動(dòng)語態(tài)的方式，假設(shè)不顧漢語習(xí)慣，強(qiáng)要加上“被字表被動(dòng)，有時(shí)那么會(huì)使譯文看上去不像漢語。如：lThe

4、quartz crystal does not vibrate at certain frequency until the voltage is applied.l直到電壓加上去以后，石英晶體才會(huì)以某一頻率振蕩。lRecently some new kinds of steel have been developed in our country.l譯：最近，我國研制出一些新鋼。lWith the steam engine coming into being ,human power was replaced by mechanical power.l譯：隨著蒸汽機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，機(jī)械力替代了人力。

5、lCopper is known to be a good conductor.l譯：大家知道銅是良導(dǎo)體。lThe first electronic computer was produced in our country in 1958.l譯：1958年我國消費(fèi)了第一臺(tái)電子計(jì)算機(jī)。l對(duì)于有些被動(dòng)句，翻譯時(shí)可將原主語譯成賓語，而把原行為主體的介詞賓語譯成主語。如：lSince numerical control was adopted at machine tools,the productivity has been raised greatly.l自從機(jī)床采用數(shù)控以來，消費(fèi)率大大提高了。l

6、A body can be charged under certain condition.l譯：在一定的條件下物體可以帶電。lWhile a current is flowing through a wire ,the latter is being heated.l譯：電流經(jīng)過導(dǎo)線時(shí)，導(dǎo)線就發(fā)熱。lPeoples life has been improved greatly in recent years.l譯：近年來人們的生活得到很大改善。l有些原句中沒有行為主體，翻譯時(shí)可添加適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z使譯文照射流暢，如“人們、“有人、“大家、“我們等。如：lA few years ago it was

7、 thought unbelievable that the computer could have so high speed as well so small volume.l幾年前人們還以為計(jì)算機(jī)具有如此高的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度和如此小的體積是一件難以置信的事。lFuzzy control is found an effective way to control the systems without precise mathematic models.l人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，模糊控制是一種控制不具備準(zhǔn)確數(shù)學(xué)模型系統(tǒng)的有效方法。l4、當(dāng)不需求或無法講出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí)，例如闡明觀念、要求、態(tài)度的被動(dòng)句或描畫某地發(fā)

8、生、存在、消逝了某事物的被動(dòng)句，可將原句譯為漢語的無主句，把原句的主語譯作賓語。如：lWhat kind of device is needed to make the control system simple?l需求什么安裝使控制系統(tǒng)簡化？lWhenever work is being done ,energy is being converted from one form into another .l譯：凡做功，都是把能從一種方式轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種方式。lCutting tools should be inspected carefully before they are used.l譯：刀具運(yùn)用前應(yīng)仔細(xì)檢查。lIf a mouse is installed in a computer, then the available memory sp