初中英語八大時態(tài)全套精講

1、初中英語八大時態(tài)全套精講.1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：every ，sometimes, at ，on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：

2、 Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.I am doing my比較： Now I put the sugar in the cup.homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current andstand back. 第二句中的

3、now 是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。二 . 構(gòu)成及變化1 、 be 動詞的變化肯定句：主語+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。否定句：主語+ be + not + 其它。如：He is not a worker. 他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語 +其它。 如： -Are you a student? -Yes.I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?2、行為動詞的變化當(dāng)主語為第一，二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)時，助動詞為do肯定句：主語+動詞原

4、形(+其它)。如： We often playbasketball after school.否定句：主語+ don't+動詞原形（+其它）。如：we don' t playbasketball after school.一般疑問句：Do +主語+動詞原形+其它 ? 如： Do you oftenplay basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以do開頭的一般疑問句？ 如：What do you often do after school ?當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,助動詞為does

5、肯定句：主語+動詞三單式（+其它）。如：He swims well.否定句：主語+ doesn t+ 動詞原形（+其它）。如： He doesn t swim well.一般疑問句：Does +主語 +動詞原形+其它。如： Does he swim well ？Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以 does 開頭的一般疑問句？如： How does your father go to work？三、第三人稱單數(shù)的動詞變化規(guī)則（只有在第三人稱為主語的肯定句中，動詞才用三單式)(1)多數(shù)動詞直接加s:runs gets likes colle

6、ts takes plays climbs(2)結(jié)尾是 s, x, sh, ch, o, 前為輔音字母,結(jié)尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)動詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es:studystudies flyflies carrycarrie舞crycri但在 y 前如果為元音則直接加s:buys says2 一般過去時的用法1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982yesterday mor

7、ning (afternoon, eveningJast night (week,month, year )， a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago just now, 等。Where did you go just now?2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given awarm welcome.3）句型：I

8、t is time for sb. to do sth ”到時間了 ""該了"It is time sb. did sth.”時間已遲了 ""早該了 ”It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示 '寧愿某人做某事'I'd rather you came tomorrow.4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、

9、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。比較:現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.（含義：她已不在人間。）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（ 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去）注意：

10、 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動詞could, would.Could you lend me your bike?3 used to / be used toused to + do ： "過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.(過去常常散步)Scarf used to take

11、a walk.be used to + doing : 對已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.( 現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于散步)典型例題Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.It's 69568442.A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't答案 A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個

12、動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時。二、構(gòu)成及變化1 . Be 動詞在一般過去時中的變化：am 和 is 在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。 (was not=wasn t)are 在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。 (were not=weren t)帶有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are 一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not, 一般疑問句把 was或were調(diào)到句首。2 .行為動詞在一般過去時中的變化：肯定句 ： 主語 + 動詞的過去式.I watched a film last Sunday .否定句：主語+ didn ' t動詞原形.I didn t

13、 watchfialm last Sunday .一般疑問句：Did 動 主語 動 動詞原形?Did you watch a film last Sunday ?Yes, I did . No , I didn t .特殊疑問句：疑問詞動 以 did 開頭的一般疑問句?What did you do last Sunday ?3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一、意義當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作或正在發(fā)生的事。時間標(biāo)志now,句前的look ,listen二、構(gòu)成:be (am, is ,are )動動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing 形式肯定句：主語 動 be 動 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing (動 其他 )I m doing my ho

14、mework now .否定句：主語+be+not+ 動詞 -ing +其他 .I m not doing my homework now.一般疑問句：Be+主語+動詞-ing +其他？Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , I m not .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動詞-ing+其他？What are you doing now ？三、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：(1)一般在動詞末尾直接加ing,(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞， 先去掉e,再加ing,如 skate skating make making dance dancing

15、 write writing have f havingride riding come coming(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，中間只有一個元音字母，詞尾只有一個輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加 ing, 如： putting runningbeginning stopping swimming shopping joggingsitting getting forgetting letting四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法：a. 表示現(xiàn)在 （ 指說話人說話時） 正在發(fā)生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。M

16、r. Green is writing another novel.（說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。）She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red.It's getting warmer and warmer.d. 與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。You are always changing

17、your mind.典型例題My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, don't findB. is missing, don't find C. has lost,haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.答案 D. 前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。9 不用進(jìn)行時的動詞1) 事實狀態(tài)的動詞have, belong, posses

18、s, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動詞Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her

19、very much.3) ) 瞬間動詞accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系動詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.4 過去進(jìn)行時1)概念：過去進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，或表示過去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動作2)過去進(jìn)行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā) 生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。3)

20、常用的時間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileMy brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例題1) Mary a dress when she cut

21、her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時。同 時，when 表時間的同時性，"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過 去進(jìn)行時。2) As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.read ; was falling B. was reading ; fell C. was reading ; was falling D. read ; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while ,意為"當(dāng)之時"。描述

22、一件事 發(fā)生的背景時，用過去進(jìn)行；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作 發(fā)生。句意為"在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell (fall的過去 時)，是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。一、過去進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句則在was/were后加一個not,疑問句將was/were提前則可。如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterd

23、ay? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasn ' t.)What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?二、過去進(jìn)行時用法：1 .過去進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某個時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，常和表示過 去的狀語連用。如：(just) then 那時，當(dāng)時 at this/that time 在這/那時yesterday afternoon 昨天下午at nine 在九點 last night 昨晚(at) this timeyesterday 在昨天這個時候但在不少情況下，沒有表示時間的狀語，這時需要通過上下文來 表不。昨晚九點的時候,我昨 What were

24、 you doing at nine last night?你在做什么? I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon.天下午正在家里看電視DThey were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天這個時候 他們在踢足球。2 .過去進(jìn)行時也可以表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night 等時間 狀語連用。(1) From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching a

25、t Yale . 從 1983 到 1998 年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。(2) They were building a bridge last winter .去年冬天他們正在造 一座橋。(3) He was writing a book those days.那幾天他正在寫一本書3 .過去進(jìn)行時與頻度副詞 always forever , continually , constantly 等連用時表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚(yáng)或喜 愛等情緒。My sister was always forgetting things.（ 表示埋怨） He was always helpin

26、g others.（ 表示贊揚(yáng)）4 .過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示將來的動作，同樣，過去進(jìn)行時也可以表示從過去某時看來將要發(fā)生的動作，常用在間接引語中。 Lucy arrived in Beijing last Friday. But she was leaving forHong Kong the next morning.上周五Lucy到達(dá)北京，但第二天早晨就要動身去香港了。她問他午飯She asked him if he was coming back for lunch.是否準(zhǔn)備回來吃。5、過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時的區(qū)別。（1）過去進(jìn)行時表示上去某時正在進(jìn)行的動作

27、，山一般過去時則表 示一個先成的動口 也就是說用一般過去時，只表示有過這件事；用過去進(jìn)行時，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性。I wrote a letter this morning.今天上午我寫了一封信。 （信寫完了）I was writing a letter this morning.今天上午我在寫一封信。（信不一定寫完）昨天晚上孩子們看了電視。（強(qiáng)2) The children watched TV yesterday evening.調(diào)過去發(fā)生了這件事）The children were watching TV yesterday evening.昨晚孩子們都在看電視（強(qiáng)調(diào)昨晚看電視這一動作的持

28、續(xù)性）（2）表示過去的狀態(tài)、感覺及心理活動的靜態(tài)動詞（如be, like, love, hate , fear, own , hear, see, know , want, notice）可用于 一般過去時，但通常不用于進(jìn)行時。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.我討厭人 6說話時口里含著食物。(3) 一般過去時與always ， constantly ， forever ， continually 等連用，表示“過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作”; 而過去進(jìn)行時與always，constantly ， forever，

29、continually 等連用，表示動作的重復(fù)，常帶有感 *彩。如：He always got up at six. 他過去總是六點起床。He was always thinking of his work. 他總是一心想到工作。(4) 有時過去進(jìn)行時可以用來替換一般過去時，但一般過去時表示主語的行為是經(jīng)過認(rèn)真考慮的;而過去進(jìn)行時表示一種較隨便或沒有進(jìn)行仔細(xì)考慮的行為。如：I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以為它會同意我們的。I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要說服

30、他接受我們的建議6 . 使用過去進(jìn)行時應(yīng)注意的幾點(1) 動詞hope，wonder 等的過去進(jìn)行時常用來表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)容，但語氣比一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時要委婉。如：I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否過來跟我們一起活動?7 下面幾種情況不用一般過去時而要用過去進(jìn)行時：(1) . 表示過去某一階段暫時性的習(xí)慣動作時。如：Tom was getting up at six o ' clock every day that week®刃B周 里每天都是六點鐘起床。(2) . 與 alway

31、s 連用表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩時。如：John was always coming to school late. 約翰上學(xué)總是遲到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷鋒總是為 人民做好事。(3) 用來描寫故事發(fā)生的情景時。如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank. He wanted to cross t

32、he river. 那是一個漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)刮得很 厲害， 雨下得很大，一個解放軍戰(zhàn)士突然出現(xiàn)在河岸上，他想過河去。(4) when 作并列連詞，表示“(這時 )突然”之意時，第一個并列分句用過去進(jìn)行時，when 引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過去時。如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇見了他。我們正在外邊玩，We were playing outside when it began to rain.這時下起雨來了。go, come, leave, start, arrive 等動詞可用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將 來的含義。如：I was leaving

33、 for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武漢。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。8過去進(jìn)行時表示婉轉(zhuǎn)語氣（只限于want, hope, wonder等動詞），用 以提出請求。如：I was wondering if you could help me.I was hoping you could send me home.三、when, while 的用法when和while與過去進(jìn)行時有著密切的關(guān)系，他們作從屬連詞時都 有“當(dāng).時候”之意，用法稍有不同：when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是短暫性動詞，也可以是 延續(xù)性動詞，而while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句

34、中的謂語動詞只能是延續(xù) 性動詞。when引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞如果是短暫性動詞則用一般過去時，主句 是延續(xù)性動詞則用過去進(jìn)行時，從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作的時間段之 內(nèi)（長動作用過去進(jìn)行時，短動作用一般過去時）；如果主句和從句 兩個謂語動詞都是延續(xù)性動詞則全部用過去進(jìn)行時，這時when和while者B可以用。when從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發(fā)生；while 和 as 從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發(fā)生。when 和 while 兩個詞還可以用作并列連詞， 但意思不同，when 相當(dāng)于 “在那時”等于 at that time 或just then;而 while 則相當(dāng)

35、于 “whe擊P +短/但是"；相當(dāng)于but,表示對比關(guān)系。(這一點暫時可以不掌勺土1eg. (1) I was playing computer games when my father got home.=When my father got home,I was playing computergames.(2) Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework.=When/While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking.過去進(jìn)行時鞏固練習(xí)：(聰明的你一定能全部做對)S

36、imon(make) a model plane at 8:00 a.m.Peter(do) his homework at seven last night.They(watch) a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 lastFight.He(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.What book you(read) when I(see)you at four yesterday afternoon?While she(watch) TV, her son(play) outside th

37、e room.It(begin) to rain while we(work) in the field.I(do) my homework last night when ge light(go) out. go out意為熄滅1 saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. what were you doing?Oh, I(read) some books on science.10 . Girls(dance) wle boys(sing) at the party.11 .- Did you see Tim just now?-Yes. H

38、e(fish) by the river.12 .When the teacher(come) into the classroom, the students (laugh) loudly.5 一般將來時一、意義：表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將 來經(jīng)?；蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動作。時間標(biāo)志：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening二.構(gòu)成及變化：一般將來時常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)be going to+動詞原形：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要 發(fā)生的事

39、。shall/will+動詞原形：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況，沒有太多的計劃 性，還用來表不意愿(1) be going to + 動詞原形肯定句 主語+be(am /,is,/ are) going to + 動詞原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐準(zhǔn)備明年學(xué)英語。否定句 主語+be(am / is / are)not going to + 動詞原形 +其它成份我今天晚上不打算去I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.看電影。一般疑問句Be (am / is / are)+

40、 主語 +going to+ 動詞原型+其它成份？Is your father going to play basketball with you ? 你父親打算和你去 打籃球嗎?No , he isn t. 不。.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+ 一般疑問句？Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春節(jié)你打算在哪 過？ .注意 : be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)后面習(xí)慣上不跟go ， come 等表位移的動詞，一般用該動詞的進(jìn)行時形式表示。如 : He s going to New York next week. 下周他要去紐約. .will

41、 /shall + 動詞原形(在書面語中，主語是第一人稱時，常用shall , 在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will)1 . 肯定句主語+will/shall+ 動詞原形 +其它成份(shall) write to him next week. 下周我將給他寫信。2 .否定句 主語 + will /shall+ not + 動詞原形+其它成份今天晚上他們不看電視。They won t watch TV this evening.3 .一般疑問句will/shall+ 主語 +動詞原形 +其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我們呆在家里

42、好嗎 ?4 .特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-) + 一般疑問句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么時侯回來?三、附：Shall I /we常用來征求對方意見，而問對方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請，常用 W川you？他們的回答比較靈活。5 .Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , let s go .否定No , let s go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ？肯定 Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 I m sor

43、ry. I m afraid I can t.四、 時間標(biāo)志：tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , nextweekend , this afternoon , this evening1) shall 用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to + 不定式，表示將來。a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What ar

44、e you going to do tomorrow?b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month 。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to + 不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意： be about to

45、不能與 tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。5) be going to / will用于條件句時，be going to 表將來will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror6) be to 和 be going tob

46、e to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.（客觀安排）I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. （主觀安排）.7 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來1）下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the b

47、us star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動作正在進(jìn)行，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在時間或條件句中。When Bill comes （ 不是 will come）, ask him to wait for me.I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。I hope

48、they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.8 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來意為："意圖"、 "打算"、 "安排"、 常用于人。常用詞為come, go, start,arrive, leave, stay 等。I'm leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?6.過去將來時1. 概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于

49、賓語從句中。2. 時間狀語：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do ； would/should + do.4. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5. 一般疑問句：was 或 were 放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6. 例句： He said he would go to Beijing the(1)過去將來時由“助動詞 would+ 動詞原形”構(gòu)成。 wo

50、uld 常縮略為d。(2)過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示過去的某一時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用在賓語從句中。如：I didn't know if she would come 。I wasn'tsure whether he would do it 。Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday 。過去將來時也可以用“was(were) going to + 動詞原形”來表示。如：I didn't know if she was going to come 。Wang Leis

51、aid that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday 。7 現(xiàn)在完成時用法 1 ：表示：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或 結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2：表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。標(biāo)志詞：for, since, since ago基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞（當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用has,其余人稱用have）1）肯定式：主語+ have / has + 過去分詞2）否定式：主語+ have / has + not

52、 + 過去分詞3）一般疑問句：Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞Yes, 主語 + have/has.（ 肯定 ） No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.（ 否定 ）4）特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+ 主語+過去分詞例句 1. 過去某時發(fā)生的動作到目前為止這個動作已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。如： 1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。（過去某時開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成）2）He has already come 他已經(jīng)來了。（過去某時開始離開某地到這來，現(xiàn)在已在這。）2. 表示動作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：1)I

53、have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。(六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。)2)I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我從 1990 年就在沈陽住。(從 1990 年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。 )注意 1) 當(dāng)表示一段時間，現(xiàn)在完成時可以用for 或 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語。例如： I ve known Li Li for 4 years. 我認(rèn)識麗麗已經(jīng)4 年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自從

54、8 年前我就在這工作。注意 2) 當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already 或 just 時，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時，要把句中的already 或 just 去掉，在句末加上yet.。例如： I have already seen the film. I haven t seetnhe film yet.He has just come. He hasn t come yet?使用時注意事項1. “ have/ has got 形式上是一種完成時，但和 ”have/ has 為同一意E力思“有”。如： Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。Ha

55、s he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasn t.他有許多工作要做嗎?不，他沒有。2. have/has gone to 、 have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的區(qū) 別have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在，常與一段時間連用如： He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過沈陽。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽10 年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎?3. have/ has been to 常和 once, twice, never, ever 連用 ;have/ has gone to 則不可。例如：一Has Tom ever been to Paris?湯姆去過巴黎嗎？ Yes, he ' s been there several timesM的， 他去過好幾次了。Where have they gone? 他們?nèi)ツ睦锪??一They ' ve gone to Shenyang他們?nèi)ド蜿柫恕?. 非延續(xù)性動詞不能