整理大腦詞匯翻譯整理

1、精品文檔大腦相關(guān)詞匯表Aa-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate(AMPA)-氨基-3-羥基-5-甲基-4-異惡噪丙酸abducentnerve展神經(jīng)abstinentheroindependentindividuals(AHD)海洛因戒斷者accessorynerve副神經(jīng)acoustictubercle聽(tīng)結(jié)節(jié)AlcoholUseDisorderIdentificationTest(AUDIT)酒精依賴(lài)疾患識(shí)別測(cè)驗(yàn)amygdala(AMY)杏仁核angulargyrus角回anteriorcingulatecortex(ACC)前扣

2、帶回皮層anteriorcingulategyrus(ACG)前扣帶回anteriorinsula腦皮層上的前腦島anteriortemporallobe顆葉前部arachnoid蛛網(wǎng)膜areapostrema最后區(qū)；極后區(qū)arterialspin-labeledperfusionmagneticresonanceimaging(ASL-MRI)磁共振動(dòng)脈自旋標(biāo)記灌注成像autonomicnervoussystem自主神經(jīng)系axillarynerve腋神經(jīng)精品文檔精品文檔BBarrattImpulsivenessScale(BIS)Barrat:t中動(dòng)性量表basalforebrain基底前腦

3、,basalgangliacircuits基底節(jié)環(huán)路basalnuclei基底核basilarartery基底動(dòng)脈basolateralamygdala(BLA)基底外側(cè)杏仁核basolateral基底前側(cè)BloodOxygenationLevelDependent(BOLD)血氧水平依賴(lài)brachialplexus臂叢brain(encephalon)腦brainstem腦干Ccalcarinesulcus距狀溝caudatenucleus尾狀核centralnervoussystem中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)centralsulcus中央溝cerebellum(CER)小腦cerebralaqueduc

4、t中腦導(dǎo)水管cerebralarterialcircle大腦動(dòng)脈環(huán)cerebralcortex大腦皮質(zhì)cerebrospinalfluid腦脊液精品文檔精品文檔cervicalplexus頸叢cingulategyrus(CG)扣帶回commonperonealnerve腓總神經(jīng)corpuscallosum月并月氐體corpusstriatum紋狀體cortex(CTX)皮質(zhì)corticomedial皮質(zhì)內(nèi)側(cè)corticospinaltract皮質(zhì)脊髓束cranialnerves腦神經(jīng)cruscerebri大腦腳cuneatetubercule楔束結(jié)節(jié)cuneusgyrus楔回Ddeepper

5、onealnerve腓深神經(jīng)dendriticspines樹(shù)突刺dentategyrus齒狀回diencephalon間腦dopamine(DA)多巴胺dopaminetype2/3receptor多巴胺2/3型受體dorsallateralprefrontalcortex(DLPFC)背外側(cè)前額葉dorsallateralstriatum(DMPFC)背外側(cè)紋狀體dorsalprefrontalcortex背側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)精品文檔精品文檔dorsalputamen背殼dorsalstriatum(DS)背側(cè)紋狀體dorsolateralfrontalcortex背外側(cè)額葉dorsolatera

6、lprefrontalcortex(DLPFC)背外側(cè)前額葉dorsolateralstriatum(DLS)背外側(cè)紋狀體dorsomedialprefrontalcortex(DMPFC)背內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉dorsomedialstriatum(DMS)背內(nèi)側(cè)紋狀體duramater硬腦膜Eelectroencephalography(EEG)腦電圖epithalamus上丘腦Ffacialcolliculus面丘facialnerve面神經(jīng)FagerstrMTestforNicotineDependence(FTND)尼古丁依賴(lài)量表fasciculuscuneatus楔束fasciculusgr

7、acilis薄束femoralnerve股神經(jīng)fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)氟脫氧葡萄糖fornix穹窿fourthventricle第四腦室精品文檔精品文檔frontallobe額葉functionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)功能磁共振成像fusiformgyrus(FG)梭狀回fusiformgyrus/visualcortex(FG/VC)梭狀回/視覺(jué)皮層Gg-aminobutyiricacid(GABA)丫-氨基丁酸ganglion神經(jīng)節(jié)globuspalidus蒼白球glossopharyngealnerve舌咽神經(jīng)glutamat

8、e谷氨酸gracilistubercule薄束結(jié)節(jié)graymatter灰質(zhì)Hhealthparticipants(NDP)健康人hippocampus/Parahippocampalgyrus(HIPP/PH)海馬/海馬旁回hypoglossalnerve舌下神經(jīng)hypoglossaltrigone舌下神經(jīng)三角hypothalamicpituitaryaxis(HPA)下丘腦-垂體軸hypothalamus下丘腦Iinferiorcerebellarpeduncle小腦下腳inferiorcolliculus下丘精品文檔精品文檔inferiorfrontalgyrus(IFG)額下回infer

9、iorolivenucleus下橄欖核inferiorparietallobule(IPL)頂下小葉inferiortemporalcortex(ITC)顆下皮層；下顆葉皮層inferior/superiorparietalcortex(IPC/SPC)上/下頂葉皮質(zhì)insula(INS)腦島intercostalnerve肋間神經(jīng)internalcapsule內(nèi)囊latepositivecomplex(LPC)晚正復(fù)合體lateralhypothalamu夕卜側(cè)下丘腦laterallemniscus外側(cè)丘系lateralprefrontalcortex外側(cè)前額葉lateralsulcus外側(cè)

10、溝lateralventricle側(cè)腦室lentiformnucleus豆?fàn)詈薼imbicbraincircuitry邊緣系統(tǒng)limbiclobe邊緣葉limbicsystem邊緣系統(tǒng)lingualgyrus舌回locusceruleus藍(lán)斑longthoracicnerve胸長(zhǎng)神經(jīng)lumbarplexus腰叢精品文檔精品文檔lumbosacraltrunk腰舐干MMagneticresonanceimageimaging(MRI)磁共振成像magnetoencephalography(MEG)腦磁描記法medialeminence內(nèi)側(cè)隆起mediallemniscus內(nèi)側(cè)丘系medialpr

11、efrontalcortex(MPFC)內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)medialstriatum內(nèi)側(cè)紋狀體mediannerve正中神經(jīng)medullaoblongata延髓metathalamus后丘腦methylphenidate(MPH)利他能(中樞神經(jīng)興奮藥)midbrain(mesencephalon)中腦middlecerebellarpeduncle小腦中腳MontrealNeurologicalInstitute(MNI)MNI坐標(biāo)系motorcortex(MC)動(dòng)作皮層；運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層musculocutaneousnerve肌皮神經(jīng)Nnerve神經(jīng)NervousSystem神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)neuralc

12、uereactivity(NCR)線(xiàn)索誘發(fā)的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)neuroglia神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)精品文檔精品文檔neuron神經(jīng)元n-methyl-Dasparticacid(NMDA)N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸nucleusaccumbens(NAc)伏隔核nucleusaccumbensrelatedcircuitry伏隔核相關(guān)回路nucleusambiguus疑核nucleusthoracicus胸核nucleus神經(jīng)核Oobex閂obturatornerve閉孔神經(jīng)occipitallobe枕葉oculomotornerve動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)olfactorynerve神經(jīng)opticnerve視神經(jīng)opticchia

13、sma視交叉Orbital-prefrontalcircuitry眶前額皮層orbitofrontalcortex(OFC)眶額皮層；前額葉眶回Pparacentrallobule旁中央小葉parahippocampalgyrus海馬旁回parasympatheticnerve副交感神經(jīng)parieo-occipitalsulcus頂枕溝精品文檔精品文檔parietallobe頂葉periaquaeductalgrey導(dǎo)水管周?chē)屹|(zhì)peripheralnervoussystem周?chē)窠?jīng)系統(tǒng)phrenicnerve膈神經(jīng)piamater軟腦膜pons腦橋pontinenuclei腦橋核positr

14、onemissiontomography(PET)正電子發(fā)放斷層掃描postcentralgyrus中央后回posteriorcingulatecortex(PCC)后扣帶回posteriormiddletemporalgyrus(pMTG)后題中回；題中回后部precentralgyrus中央前回prefrontalcortex(PFC)前額葉皮層premotorcortex(PMC)前運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層putamen殼pyramid錐體pyramidaldecussation錐體交叉radialnerve模神經(jīng)raphenuclei中縫核rednucleus紅核regionofinterest(RO

15、I)感興趣腦區(qū)reticularformation網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)精品文檔精品文檔rhomboidfossa菱形窩Ssacralplexus舐叢sciaticnerve坐骨神經(jīng)septo-hippocampalcomplex海馬皮層隔septo-hippocampalsystem海馬皮層系統(tǒng)solitarynucleus孤束核somatosensorycortex(SC)軀體感覺(jué)皮層spinalcord脊髓spinalnerves脊神經(jīng)spinaltrigeminalnucleus三叉神經(jīng)脊束核spinaltrigeminaltract三叉神經(jīng)脊髓束spinothalamictract脊髓丘腦束str

16、iaemedullaris髓紋substantiagelatinosa膠狀質(zhì)substantianigra(SN)黑質(zhì)，塞梅林氏神經(jīng)節(jié)subthalamus底丘腦superficialperonealnerve腓淺神經(jīng)superiorcerebellarpeduncle小腦上腳superiorcolliculus上丘superiorparietalandpremotorregions高級(jí)頂葉和運(yùn)動(dòng)前區(qū)Superiorparietallobule(SPL)頂上小葉精品文檔精品文檔superiortemporalsulcus(STS)題上溝supplementarymotorarea(SMA)輔助

17、運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)supramarginalgyrus緣上回sympatheticnerve交感神經(jīng)Ttelencephalon(cerebrum)端腦(大腦)temporallobe顆葉temporalpole顆極temporal-parietaljunctions(TPJ)顆頂交界處temporoparietalcortex顆皮層thalamus(THAL)丘腦thoracicnerves胸神經(jīng)thoracodorsalnerve胸背神經(jīng)tibialnerve脛神經(jīng)tract神經(jīng)束transcoronalmagneticstimulatingsystem(TMS)經(jīng)顱磁刺激系統(tǒng)trapezoidbod

18、y斜方體trigeminalnerve三叉神經(jīng)trochlearnerve滑車(chē)神經(jīng)Uulnarnerve尺神經(jīng)uncus(海馬旁回)鉤精品文檔精品文檔Vvagaltrigone迷走神經(jīng)三角vagusnerve迷走神經(jīng)vegetativenervoussystem植物性神經(jīng)系ventralcingulate前扣帶ventralmedial(PFC)腹內(nèi)側(cè)ventralmedialfrontal腹額內(nèi)側(cè)ventralpallidum(VP)腹側(cè)蒼白球ventralprefrontalcortex腹側(cè)前額葉皮層ventralpremotorcortex(VPC)腹外側(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)前皮質(zhì)ventralstri

19、atum(VS)腹側(cè)紋狀體ventraltegmentalarea(VTAa)腹側(cè)背蓋區(qū)ventrolateralprefrontalcortex(VLPFC)腹外側(cè)前額葉皮層ventromedialprefrontalcortex(VMPFC)腹內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮層ventromedialregionofprefrontalcortex前額皮質(zhì)腹中區(qū)域vestibulararea前庭區(qū)vestibulocochlearnerve前庭蝸神經(jīng)visceralnervoussystem內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)系visualcortex(VC)視覺(jué)皮層Wwhitematter白質(zhì)精品文檔精品文檔PreGprecentra

20、lgyrus中央前回PosGpostcentralgyrusMFG額中回superiorfrontalgyrusITGinferiortemporalgyrus顆卜回MOGmiddleoccipitallobule枕中回IOGinferioroccipitalgyrus枕下回IPLinferiorparietallobule頂卜小葉SMGsupramarginalgyrus緣上回FFAfusiformfacearea梭狀回面孔區(qū)LGlingualgyrus舌回MNS:Inhumans,themirrorneuronsystemhastwomajorcomponents.Oneisformedb

21、ytheinferiorparietallobule（頂下/J、葉）andtheventralpremotorcortex（腹側(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)前皮層）plusthecaudalpart（尾部的）ofBrocasarea,ththerbytheinsula陋島）andanteriorcingulategyrus（扣帶回）.ThemainvisualinputtotheMNSoriginatesfromtheposteriorpartofthesuperiortemporalsulcu瀕上溝STS）。梭狀回面孔區(qū)（fusiformfaceareaj），位于視覺(jué)聯(lián)合皮層中底面。多數(shù)研究顯示，對(duì)于面孔識(shí)別來(lái)說(shuō)，

22、右側(cè)半球比左側(cè)半球更重要。面精品文檔精品文檔孔識(shí)別區(qū)具有獨(dú)立的腦加工區(qū)，一名統(tǒng)覺(jué)失認(rèn)癥的患者很可能同時(shí)保留識(shí)別面孔的能力?？赡艿慕忉屖牵囊话阄矬w識(shí)別神經(jīng)通路受損，但梭狀回面孔區(qū)沒(méi)有遭到破壞。自閉癥患者在識(shí)別面孔的能力上下降，觀(guān)看面孔時(shí)梭狀回不激活。面孔識(shí)別區(qū)位于右梭狀回，但該區(qū)與多種復(fù)雜的刺激識(shí)別有關(guān)，是獲得識(shí)別近似物體的技能的關(guān)鍵性腦區(qū)。負(fù)責(zé)面孔識(shí)別的神經(jīng)回路從一開(kāi)始就不是專(zhuān)門(mén)為哪一種技能設(shè)計(jì)的。梭狀回并非僅用于面孔識(shí)別，它更多的是負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)物體次級(jí)分類(lèi)的識(shí)別。腦島神經(jīng)科學(xué)家們坦言，腦島是性欲、惡心、驕傲、羞恥、內(nèi)疚和補(bǔ)償?shù)壬鐣?huì)情緒的源泉。腦島會(huì)引起道德感、共情以及對(duì)音樂(lè)的情緒反應(yīng)。腦島的進(jìn)化對(duì)人類(lèi)與其他動(dòng)物的差異產(chǎn)生了重要的作用。腦島會(huì)感知軀體狀態(tài)，如饑餓和渴求，驅(qū)使人去拿取更多的三明治、香煙或者可卡因。因此，腦島的研究為治療藥物依賴(lài)、酒精癥、焦慮和進(jìn)食障礙提供了新的思路。當(dāng)人們想吸毒時(shí)、有痛感時(shí)、預(yù)期到痛感時(shí)、對(duì)別人產(chǎn)生共情時(shí)、聽(tīng)笑話(huà)時(shí)、看到別人露出惡心表情時(shí)，遭受社會(huì)性忽略被冷場(chǎng)時(shí)、聽(tīng)音