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1、do, did, does 強調(diào)動作的用詞, I do care, he did come. Here: did foresee 的確預(yù)見到medium, mediabecome a force in making it so 成為實現(xiàn)這個預(yù)想的重要人物socially prominent passengers 有社會地位的乘客amateur 業(yè)余的,非專業(yè)的to make contact with與聯(lián)系gain fame 出了名subsidiary 子公司experimental stage 實驗階段p217returns 報告書,情況反饋be mounted in安裝入aside from

2、 尸 in addition to subsidiary 子公司,下屬單位the profit derived from來自于的利潤receive national and universal attentionGeneral Electric 通用電氣公司patents 專利join forces with 與聯(lián)手pool vt. 合伙,匯集,共享take over 接管wireless station 無線電廣播電臺went on the air 開始廣播播音fully licensed commercial broadcasting stationa toll station 一家收費電

3、臺p218air time 廣播時段chain broadcasting 聯(lián)播forerunner 先驅(qū),排頭兵bail out 原意“跳傘”, here: bail out of lease sth to sb向出租.獲得國內(nèi)國際關(guān)注營業(yè)執(zhí)照齊全的商業(yè)廣播電臺從中脫身This launched an era of:(這件事)引發(fā)了一個.時代時期boost the sale of :促進(jìn)、拉動 .的銷售exclusively 獨家地eg. We run a cable service exclusively in this area.regulations 規(guī)章、制度、條例keep/preve

4、nt sb fm doing sth:避免某人做某事turn to sb for help 尋求某人的幫助the Radio Act was passed 廣播法得以通過debut 初次登臺,處女秀newscasts 新聞廣播become firmly entrenched 站穩(wěn)了腳跟the popular culture 流行文化,大眾文化popularity n. 流行,走俏coupled with the decline in newspaper advertising revenue.伴隨著報紙廣告效益的下滑the Great Depression 大蕭條not only .,but

5、(also) .不僅而且a credible news source 一個可信度高的新聞來源.as well:(句尾)同樣也without being on the scene 不必在場be far superior to . 比.要強得多instant news 即時的消息convention 集會the Associate Press 美聯(lián)社13have had enough 受夠了issue an ultimatum toprovide sth to sb comply with 遵從 to gather news on one bargain vt. 討價還價,期望take the l

6、ead in doing sth first-rate = first class a. news-gathering service under the direction of向發(fā)出最后通牒 p219)s own 靠自己采集新聞 期望在方面帶頭一流的:在的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下open bureaus in在一建立分支機構(gòu)the wire-service ban 新聞社禁令assisted radio in becoming 幫助廣播使之成為一in states of panic over.處于對的恐慌之中the average people average Joe普通百姓reassuring a. 起鎮(zhèn)

7、定作用的,堅強的,.:讓.了解到. live:現(xiàn)場報道,直播p220異地同步新聞播報廣播的報道范圍和豐富程度現(xiàn)場采集的報道keep .informed about report/describe/broadcast multiple pickup news broadcast the scope and diversity of radio vicariously 身臨其境地 eyewitness accounts 目擊記,現(xiàn)場采集的報道impact on 對白沖擊/影響coverage n. 報道set the stage for 為作了鋪墊預(yù)備radio bulletins 廣播公告點燃了

8、愛國主義熱情及奉獻(xiàn)之inspire a spirit of patriotism and dedication情censorship of news 對新聞的審查p221self-imposed as well as governmental既有自我施加的,也有政府要求的be downplayed(實情沒有得到充分的反映;被低調(diào)處理了vaudeville 188W代至1950年代流行于美國的一種劇院歌舞雜耍綜藝表演 variety shows 綜藝節(jié)目comedy series 系列喜劇dominate the airwaves 成為電波媒介主打節(jié)目 consist of : 由一構(gòu)成burl

9、esque comedy 小品類的喜劇situation comedy (sitcom)情景喜居 1evolve into演化成一an episode 一集(劇目)perpetuate the negative stereotype of African-Americans固化了非洲裔美國人的負(fù)面形象stereotype 刻板印象provide someone with something p223tailored for prime-time 專為黃金時段定制的portable a. 便攜的p225affect the culture 影響到 ( 當(dāng)時的 )文化helped establis

10、h radio s credibility 為廣播成為可信的新聞來源/ 聲譽鵲起助了一臂之力to adapt - to 使適應(yīng)一commercial n. (電波)廣告p226tune in to收聽warn sb ofbanned fictional news bulletins from the airwaves.禁止在廣播里播出虛構(gòu)新聞lose niche 失去地盤prosper vi. 繁榮the cloud of TV began to cast its shadow over radioapply for TV licenses 申請電視營業(yè)執(zhí)照advertising revenu

11、e 廣告收入succeed in ratings 收視率earnings 收益 p227quiz shows, soap operas, sitcoms, dramas and action/adventure shows 227network affiliate stations大廣播網(wǎng)旗下的電視臺feature vt. 以為特色disc jockey (DJ)controversy 爭議payola sandal 賄賂丑聞coin the term 發(fā)明了這個術(shù)語be charged with 被指控一all news stations 全新聞臺to advance political a

12、gendas 來推出政治議題to voice one ' s protests on 就表達(dá)抗議呼聲instrumental = helpfullaunch a campaign 發(fā)起一場運動play a major role inp228call-in shows 熱線談話節(jié)目potpourri 百花香料,集錦be categorized under 29 formatscontemporary hit stations 當(dāng)代著名電臺to feature talk shows and radio personalities以脫口秀及個性化廣播節(jié)目為特色to find its new

13、niche in popular cultureFM 調(diào)頻, AM 調(diào)幅 229distortion 變形、歪曲to broadcast in stereo 立體聲廣播A became an alternative to B: A成為取代B 的一個選擇FCC ruling 美聯(lián)邦傳播委員會的政令/ 條例be on the airhave yet to catch on 還得加把勁p230commercial vs. noncommercialto generate advertising revenueelite and specialized vs. mass cultural tastes

14、精英的、專業(yè)化的品味,對應(yīng)于大眾文化趣味private foundationsthe sources of funding :的資金來源 231station membership fees 電臺會員年費in-depth news programs 深度報道節(jié)目 be highly regarded 口碑很好 satellite distribution facilities衛(wèi)星傳送設(shè)備accomplish: here=achieve 取得 be drastically changed 發(fā)生了巨變to cater to distinct segments of the audience迎合、取

15、悅于劃分清晰的受眾群Chapter Two Television: from soaps to satellites be in sharp contrast to the stereotype與刻板印象形成鮮明對照(p237)nuclear family 傳統(tǒng)的、幾代同堂的家庭 skyrocket to the top of the ratings直竄收視率榜首stimulate sales in the consumer culture pit A against B 使A與B相對抗 undermine values 損害 價值觀 hype the fact that 就進(jìn)行宣傳造勢 of

16、fbeat antics 不落俗套的搞笑 to benefit from the clash 從沖突中得益 ticket : here=candidate ( p240) a popularity with audience controversial influence onto magnify the forces of change 張顯變動之推力credit TV with :以一來贊揚電視P240individuality:獨特之處, here =to apply for a patent on:申請專禾 1to experiment with : 從事實驗It wasn '

17、 t until ( 某時間)that .: 直到才 put on hold使陷于停頓p241generate vt. 生成,產(chǎn)生 microwave relay system 微波傳送系統(tǒng) consist of 由組成 p242advertising agencies廣告公司sponsors 贊助商 to issue disclosures公布內(nèi)情to ensure compliance with以確保與相致 p243ethical standards 道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn) dramatic series 連續(xù)劇 genre 風(fēng)格,格調(diào) bonanza 富礦 , 財富 time slot 播放時間段位

18、(be) subject to服從于appeal to 對有吸引力A prevails over B A 壓倒 B p244be referred to as 被稱作 to get people hooked on 使人們醉心于一= to keep people glued top245tune in 收聽 /收看set ratings records 創(chuàng)下收視紀(jì)錄best seller 暢銷書electronically mediated athletics電子媒介傳送的體育競技? astound sb. by 以使人大為震驚 p246 (in frame)? to pigeonhole 定

19、類? all-around ability? become more tolerant of 對更加寬容 p247? spouse abuse 家庭暴力? lurid details 聳人聽聞的細(xì)節(jié)? When freedom is abused, anything irrational, bizarre and sinful can happen, and often to the extremes.based loosely on a best- seller大致基于一個暢銷書基礎(chǔ)之上? the durability and versatility of the genre這種類型作品的持

20、久性和多樣性? serial 連續(xù)劇? appeal to the average person菁英群體的普遍趣味?be plagued with turmoil andstrife?the American cultural myth?add a new dimension to?radical 激進(jìn)的、極端的s interest in the rich and elite深受混亂和糾紛所困擾為添加了一個新的范疇/向度迎合上層? melodramatic 通俗劇風(fēng)格的,夸張鬧劇的p248? witty 機智詼諧的? avant-garde 先鋒的、前沿的? cultlike followin

21、g 近乎崇拜的追隨? take liberties with facts隨意處理事實?to heighten 提高 = to raise, enhance?schlockudrams = schlock dramas 低劣廉價的電視劇an invasion of privacy對隱私的侵犯p249? strive for 力爭,力求? bring a complex social issue into focus把一個復(fù)雜的社會爭議帶入焦點? keep readers up-to- date on 使讀者對有最新近的了解重演、再現(xiàn)逗樂的 p250? titillating? gain publ

22、icity? reenactbe keen to do sth = be keen on sth line-ups 節(jié)目表 camcorder 攝像機 p251 experiment with 做實驗 top-notch 一流的profound a. 意義深遠(yuǎn)的p254involvement in newsman = reporterAs someone puts it,正如某人所言conduct vt.進(jìn)行,承辦p255investigative hearingsmoney laundering 洗錢on someone s behalf 代表某人adopt approaches 采用手段

23、p256human interest stories 大眾趣味的報道feature reports 新聞特寫talents 人才deferential to 對態(tài)度恭敬in-depth coverage 深度報道stay tuned to 收聽、收看一popularity 知名度major news events重大新聞事件to boost ratings提高收視率p257host/hostess, anchor, anchorperson, anchorman/anchorwomanfind a niche among 在那里有了市場 /位置to go on camera 上鏡頭identi

24、fy with 與相一致survey 問卷調(diào)查rely on a variety of gimmicks憑借各種手段、噱頭camcordervideotape vt. 拍下了,攝制了 be acquitted 被宣布無罪rioting and violence騷亂profound 深遠(yuǎn)的instantaneous 即時的sophisticated planning 精心的策劃p258 ( in frame )lobbying 游說把cnN譽為(媒介產(chǎn)品的) 閱聽訂購(電子媒介里的)廣告hail CNN as request for subscriptions commercials, spot

25、s的褒貶,優(yōu)劣the strengths and weaknesses ofa dramatic reaching around for anything that works 網(wǎng)羅一切奏效的東西(吸引觀眾)p259time-consuming activities p260B 代替 Areplace A with B ? cherished activities 值得贊揚、積極健康的活動? play an important role incivil rights movement民權(quán)運動符合刻板印象的角色 靠她自己取得成功? call for 要求? gain momentum 開始令人矚

26、目,開始具有發(fā)展勢頭p261stereotyped rolesmake it on her ownaccelerate their acceptance 加速其( 被 ) 認(rèn)可 / 接受into the mainstream popular culture進(jìn)入主流大眾文化action/adventure showmoonlighting 晚上做兼職的副業(yè)、第二職業(yè)meet resistanceurban intellectuals城市知識分子refined and thinking members有教養(yǎng)有頭腦的成員? people in intellectual circles? to mak

27、e inroads into 打進(jìn),攻入? suffer a nervous breakdown 受精神崩潰的折磨? pacifying effects of TV 電視的安撫哄騙效應(yīng)p262?shortcomings vs. merits/strong points?pick up on 領(lǐng)悟? mental vegetables 植物人? couch potatoes 電視迷,沙發(fā)土豆? As far as I am concerned, 就我來說,? you might as well(對熟人、屬下用語)你不妨?feminism 女權(quán)主義/ 運動(見小文章)?the work force

28、 average勞動力市場的普遍情況? The study s findings 研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)/結(jié)果?socioeconomic 社會經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的?entrepreneurs 企業(yè)家? Despite the fact that 盡管?equal opportunitiescontend 爭辯,堅信p263bizarre and violent behaviormentally unbalancedand then proceed to 繼而一fuel the arguments 引發(fā)了爭議prevent from 使不致一,避免run out of :用完了juveniles 青少年the cou

29、rtruled that 法院作出裁決react tofound someone guilty of causal relationship between A and B 兩者間的因果關(guān)系 a positive relationship between A and B兩者之間的關(guān)系呈現(xiàn)正相關(guān)televised violencerespond to p264 =be in response tomake-believe a. 假裝出來的antiviolence advocates 反暴力倡導(dǎo)者 a deluge of :的泛濫 aimed at childrenan effective dra

30、matic device for TVexploit vt. 利用,剝削have difficulty distinguishing between A and B不易辨別兩者philosophy 理念psychological effect p265 physiological effects conduct studiesexcessive TV viewing harmful vs. beneficial if it is used constructively interact with:與互動see to it that :留意 vocabulary levels 詞匯量 Sesam

31、e Street 芝麻街inflict some damage on someone to meet particular interests p267 the elite or the high culture corporate sponsorship fund-raiser 集資活動,集資人如果使用得當(dāng)使遭受傷害精英和高雅文化p268Despite the fact thatbypassing 繞過pay-per-view ( 按每個節(jié)目)付費收看的Media ethics 新聞道德p399respond to by:以方式對作出反應(yīng) a news conference 新聞發(fā)布會,記者

32、招待會reduction of violence p400the focus of the controversy爭議的焦點feast on :盤剝,靠發(fā)財describe the scene vividlyto spare the grisly details不過分渲染可怕細(xì)節(jié)p401the function and responsibility of the mass mediaan exclusive story 一條獨家新聞for the sake of :看在的面子上,緣于Chances are that 有這樣的可能性the coveted Pulitzer Prize 令人向往不

33、已的health-code violations 違反食品條例screening committee 審查委員會turn town 拒絕、否定honesty and integrity 誠實正派p402ethical standards for the mediaThe question is問題是揭露劣跡的好處,是否強于新聞媒體有爭議或欺騙性的 做法。accurately reflect the eventeye-appealing 吸引眼球的photo-enhancing technology(in the frame p402) newsletter如實反映新聞事件照片處理技術(shù)業(yè)務(wù)通訊to take advantage of利用 p403eg

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