醫(yī)學(xué)英文詞匯整理

1、basic medical scie nces in tegrated course an atomy histology and embryology physiology pathophysiology pathology pharmacology morphology experime nt locomotorsystem osteology skelet on bone diaphysis epiphysis metaphysis medullary cavity epiphyseal cartilage epiphyseal line compact or dense bone sp

2、ongy or can cellous bone diploe periosteum bone marrow vertebra vertebral colu mn atlas axis cervical vertebra thoracic vertebra lumbar vertebra sacrum coccyx sternum man ubrium body of the ster num xiphoid process ster nal an gle jugular no tchribcostal arch skullor cranium fron tal bone occipital

3、bone sphe noid bone temporal bone parietal bone ethmoid bone in ferior n asal con cha lacrimal bone n asal bone vomer maxilla palati ne bone zygomatic bone man dible hyoid bone inionor exter nal occipital protubera nee superior n uchal li ne groove for superior sagittal sinus an terior cran ial foss

4、a cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone middle cran ial fossa hypophyseal fossa optic canal dorsum sellae forame n lacerum forame n rot un dum forame n ovale forame n spino sum superior orbital fissure posterior cranial fossa forame n magnum hypoglossal canal jugular forame n internal occipital protu

5、bera nee groove for tran sverse sinus groove for sigmoid sinus carotid canal styloid process stylomastoid forame n pterio n in fratemporal fossa pterygopalati ne fossa orbit supraorbital foramen in fraorbital forame n men tal forame n lacrimal sac n asolacrimal canal superior n asal meatus middle n

6、asal meatus in ferior n asal meatus para nasal sinus maxillary sinus fon ticuli fontan elles clavicle scapulahumerus radius ulna carpus metacarpus phala nges hip bone acetabulum ilium ischium pubis pelvis femur patella tibia fibula tarsus talus calca neus metatarsus fibrous joint syn desmosis suture

7、 cartilage joint syno vial jo int articular surface articular capsule articular cavity ligame nt articular disc articular labrum flexio n exte nsion adducti on abducti on rotati on circumduct ion pron atio n sup in ati on evers ion inversion dorsiflexi on pla ntarflexi on in tervertebral disc fiavum

8、 ligame nt thoracic cage temporoma ndibular joi nt ster noclavicular joint shoulder joint gle noid labrum elbow joi nt anu lar ligame nt of radius proximal radio ulnar joi nt distal radio ulnar joint wrist joint or radiocarpal jo int flexor reti naculum exte nsor reti naculum carpometacarpal joint m

9、etacarpophala ngeal joint in terphala ngeal joint pubic symphysis sacroiliac joint sacrotuberous ligame nt sacrosp inous ligame nt hip joi nt tere ligame nt of head of femur knee joint cruciate ligame nt of knee lateral meni scus medial meni scus an kle joint arch of the foot muscle te ndo n apon eu

10、rosis fascia superficial fascia deep fascia tendon sheath fibrous tendon sheath syno vial tendon sheath latissimus dorsi muscle trapezius muscle erector spinae muscle platysma ster nocleidomastoid muscle scale ni muscles pectoralis major muscle pectoralis minor muscle serratus an terior muscle diaph

11、ragm obliquus exter nus abdo minis muscle obliquus internus abdo minis muscle tran svers usabdo nminis muscle masticatory muscles facial muscles deltoid muscle biceps brachii muscletriceps brachii muscle pron ator teres muscle flexor carpi radialis muscle palmaris Ion gus muscle flexor carpi uln ari

12、s muscle flexor digitorum superiicialis muscle flexor digitorum profu ndus muscle flexor pollicis Ion gus muscle pron ator quadratus muscle exte nsor carpi radialis Ion gus muscle exte nsor carpi radialis brevis muscle exte nsor digitorum muscle sup in ator muscle the nar muscles hypothe nar muscles

13、 lumbrical muscle in terosseus muscle gluteus maximus musele piriformis muscle quadriceps femoris muscle sartorius muscle biceps femoris muscle semite ndino sus musele semimembra no sus muscle triceps surae muscle gastroc nemius muscle soleus muscle tendo calca neusrespiratory system upper respirato

14、ry tract lower respiratory tract n asal cavity lime n n asi n asal con chae n asal meatuses sphe no ethmoidal recess n asolacrimal duct olfactory regi on para nasal sinu ses fron tal sinus maxillary sinus ethmoidal sinus sphe no idal sinus phary nx lary nx thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage epiglot

15、tic cartilageconus elasticus vocal fold or vocal cord rima glottidis trachea bifurcatio n of trachea cari na of trachea bron chus lung hilum of lung root of lung bron chopul monary segme nts mediasti num parietal pleura pleural cavity pleural recessesmouth cavity perma nent teeth deciduous teeth sal

16、ivary gla nd parotid gla nd subma ndibular gla nd subli ngual gla nd phary nx palat ine ton sils ton silar ring esophagus stomach cardiac orifice pyloric orifice greater curvature lesser curvature small in test ine duodenum hepatopa ncreatic ampulla major duode nal papilla duode nojejunal flexure je

17、junum ileum large in test ine caecum ileocecal valve vermiform appe ndix colo n asce nding colon tran sverse colon desce nding colon sigmoid colo n rectum anal canalanus den tate lineliver porta hepatis gallbladder cystic duct com mon bile ductor choledochal duct pan creas urinary system kid ney ren

18、al hilum renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder trig one of bladder urethra gen ital system testis epididymis ductus defere ns ejaculatory duct spermatic cord sem inal vesicle prostate penis scrotu lll ovary uteri ne tubes uterus vagi na mammary gla nd or breast peri neum perit on eum ome ntum mese nte

19、ry vesicouteri ne pouch rectouteri ne pouch vascular system cardiovascular system heart artery vein capillary right atrium right auricle right ven tricle tricuspid valvemitral valve fossa ovalis suprave ntricular crest chordae tendin eae papillary muscle conus arterlosus pul monary valve aortic valv

20、e in teratrial septum in terve ntricular septum sin oatrial node atriove ntricular node coronary artery coronary sinus pericardium pul monary trunk ligame ntum arteriosum aorta asce nding aorta aortic arch desce nding aorta thoracic aorta abdo minal aorta com mon carotid artery exter nal carotid art

21、ery internal carotid artery superior thyroid artery subclavia n artery thyrocervical trunk axillary artery brachial artery radial artery ulnar artery superficial palmar arch renal atrery testicular artery ovaria n artery coeliac artery or coeliac trunk left gastric artery com mon hepatic artery sple

22、 nic artery superior mese nterlc artery in ferior mese nteric artery com mon iliac artery internal iliac artery external iliac artery femoral artery profu nda femoris artery popliteal arteryan terior tibial artery posterior tibial artery superior gluteal artery in ferior gluteal artery obturator art

23、ery internal pude ndal artery uterl ne artery receptor exteroceptor en teroceptor proprioceptor visual orga n eye eyeball fibrous tunic of eyeball sclera cornea choroid ciliary body iris pupil retina optic disc yellow spot, macula ret ina cen tral fovea an terior posterior chamber aqueous humour vit

24、reous body lens accessory orga ns of eye extraocular m. superior in ferior rectus m. medial rectus m., medial straight m. lateral rectus m. , lateral straight m. com mon tendinous ring superior in ferior oblique m. levator m. of superior lid superior in ferior eyelid palpebral lidded fissure lateral

25、 medial an gle of eye eyelash , cilium pl. cilia conjun ctiva lacrimal carun cle bulbar conjun ctiva palpebral lidded conj un ctiva lacrimal apparatus lacrimal gla nd lacrimal point , dacry on lacrimal ductulelacrimal sac papilla n asolacrimal duct vestibulocochlear orga n earexter nal earexter nal

26、acoustic pore forame n exter nal auditory canal meatus auricle , pinna middle eartympa nic cavitytympa nic membra ne , tympa num auditory ossicles hammar , malleus stirrup bone , stapes incusauditory tube , eustachia n tuber tympa nic ope ning of auditory tube internal earmembra nous labyri nthen do

27、lymph perilymph vestibular labyri nth en dolymphatic duct sac utriclemembra nous semicircular ductsmembra nous ampullae ampullary crest sacculemacula of saccule cochlear labyri nth vestibular scale tympa nic scale cochlear duct spiral orga n vestibular wall of cochlear duct , vestibular membra ne bo

28、ny labyri nth vestibulebony semicircular can alsan terior posterior, lateral semicircularca nalbony ampullaecochleacochlear apex base, axishelicotremainternal acoustic pore port internal acoustic meatus n ervous system peripheral n ervous system neuron n euroglianu cleus tract gan gli on n erve spin

29、al n erves cervical plexus phre nic nerve brachial plexus long thoracic n erve thoracodorsal nerve axillary nerve musculocuta neous nerve media n nerve ulnar nerve radial nerve thoracic n erves in tercostal nerve lumbar plexus lumbosacral trunk femoral nerve obturator n erve sacral plexus sciatic ne

30、rve tibial nerve com mon peroneal nerve superficial pero neal nerve deep peron eal nerve cranial n erves olfactory n erve optic nerve oculomotor n erve trochlear n erve trigem inal nerve abduce nt n erve facial nerve vestibulocochlear nerve glossophary ngeal nerve vagus n erve accessory n erve hypog

31、lossal nerve visceral n ervous system aut ono mic n ervous system vegetative n ervous system sympathetic nerve parasympathetic nerve spinal cord gray matter white matter substa ntia gelat inosa nu cleus thoracicus fasciculus gracilis fasciculus cun eatus spino thalamic tract corticosp inal tract bra

32、in en cephal on brain stem medulla obl on gata pons midbra in mese ncephal on pyramid pyramidal decussatio n in ferior olive n ucleus gracilis tubercule cun eate tubercule in ferior cerebellar pedu ncle fourth ven tricle rhomboid fossa striae medullaris hypoglossal trigo ne vagal trigo ne area postr

33、ema obex medial eminence facial colliculus vestibular area acoustic tubercle cerebral aqueduct medial le mni scus spinal trigemi nal tract spinal trigem inal nu cleus solitary nu cleus nu cleus ambiguus pontine nu clei trapezoid body lateral le mni scus locus ceruleus substa ntia nigra red nu cleus

34、reticular formati on raphe n uclei middle cerebellar pedu ncle superior cerebellar pedu ncle in ferior colliculus superior colliculus crus cerebri cerebellum die ncephal on thalamusmetathalamus epithalamus subthalamus hypothalamus optic chiasma epithelial tissue simple squamous epithelium simple cub

35、oidal epithelium simple colu mnar epithelium pseudostraitified ciliated colu mnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium tran siti onal epithelium gla ndular epithelium exocri ne gla nd en docri ne gla nd microvillus cilium tight jun cti on in termediate junction gap jun cti on desmosome baseme n

36、t membra ne plasma membra ne in foldi ng hemidesmosome goblet cell striated border conn ective tissue loose conn ective tissue dense conn ective tissuecollage nous fiber elastic fiber fibroblast mese nchyme macrophage plasma cell mast cell reticular fiber ground substa nee simple diffusi on facilita

37、ted diffusi on active tran sport en docytosis and exocytosis passive tran sport carrier-mediated facilitated diffusi on cha nn el-mediated facilitated diffusi on voltage-gated cha nn els liga nd-gated cha nn els mecha ni cally-gated cha nn elsprimary active tran sport sec on dary active tran sport s

38、odium-potassium pumpcotra nsportcoun tertra nsport resti ng pote ntial action pote ntial polarizati on depolarizati on hyperpolarizati on repolarizati on k+ equilibrium pote ntial excitability excitati on rheobase chron axie threshold stimulus local resp onse threshold pote ntial all-or- none phe no

39、menon absolute refractory period relative refractory period supra no rmal periodbio-psycho-social medical model sudde n deathetiologypathoge nesissusceptibilitybrain deathcon gesti oncon gestive liver cirrhosis edemaembolismheart failure cellshemorrhage hyperemia in farctio n nu tmeg liverprostacycl

40、i n thrombosis cell cycle cell proliferati on check point cycli nscycli n-depe ndent kin ase cdkcdkcycli n-depe ndent kin ases in hibitor cdicell differe ntiati ononcogentumor suppressor genetran smembra ne sig nal tran sduct ion receptor diseaseshorm one resista nee syn drome injurygene mutati onch

41、romosomal aberrati ongen etic predispositi on myeli ne figure autolysis atrophy compe nsati on decompe nsati onadaptati on metaplasia in test inal metaplasia dege nerati on cloudy swelli ng hydropic dege nerati on fatty dege nerati on fatty in filtrati on hyali ne dege neratio n arteriolosclerosis f

42、ibrinoid degeneration n ecrosismucoid dege nerati on myxedema amyloidosis pigme nthemosideri nbilirubinlipofusc inmela ninpathological calcificati ondystrophic calcificatio nmetastatic calcificatio n pyk no siskaryorrhexis karyolysis devitalized tissue coagulation necrosis caseous necrosis lipuefact

43、ion necrosis lytic necrosis fat necrosis gangrene moist gangrene dry gangrene gas gangrene organization repair regeneration physiologic osteoid tissue granulation tissue scarcicatrix encapsulation wound healing migration contact inhibition healing by first intention healing by second intention heali

44、ng under scarplasma red blood cells erythrocytes white blood cells leucocytes platelets thrombocytes erythrocyte sedimentation rate hemostasis anticoagulantsfibrinolysis arterial hyperemia venous congestion heart failure cell hemorrhage haematoma hematoma petechial petechiae ecchymosis ecchymcses he

45、moptysis hematemesis melena haematuria hematuria ischemia thrombosis thrombus thromboangitis obliterans disseminated intravascular coagulation dic embolism embolus caisson diseasedecompression sickness infarction anemic infarction hemorrhagic infarction septicemic infarction edema anasarca ascites h

46、ydrothorax hydropericardium pitting edema inflammation alteration exudation exudate transudate emigration of white cells red cell diapedesis chemotaxis chemotactic factor phagocytosis macrophage phagosome phagolysosome opsonin opsonization foamy cell inflammatory mediator complement system histamine

47、 serotonin kinin prostaglandin epithelioid cell suppurationproliferation acute inflammation subacute inflammation chronic inflammation leucocytosis bacteremia toxemia septicmia pyemia serous inflammation fibronous inflammation purulent inflammation abscess phlegmonous inflammation hemorrhagic inflam

48、mation ulser fistula catarrhal inflammation granuloma multinucleate giant cell inflammatory pseudotumour anaphylaxis sinus inflammation alteration exudation exudate transudate emigration of white cells red cell diapedesis chemotaxis chemotactic factor phagocytosis macrophage phagosome phagolysosome

49、opsonin opsonization foamy cell inflammatory mediator complement system histamine serotonin kinin prostaglandin epithelioid cell suppuration proliteration acute inflammation subacute in flammati on chronic in flammati on leucocytosis bacteremia toxemia septicmia pyemia serous in flammati on fibronou

50、s inflammation purulent inflammation abscess phlegm onous in flammati on hemorrhagic in flammati on ulser fistula catarrhal in flammatio n granuloma mult inu cleate gia nt cell in flammatory pseudotumour an aphylaxis sin usn eoplasm an aplasia n eoplasia atypical hyperplasia pleomorphism atypia meta

51、stasisbenign malig nant tumor cancer carci noma sarcoma carci no sarcoma hodgik ins disease papilloma ade noma cystade noma fibroade noma squamous cell carc inoma ketatin pearlbasal cell carci noma tran siti onal cell carc inoma ade no carc inoma colloid carci noma mucoid carc inoma sig net-ri ng ce

52、ll solid carci nomacarci noma simplex scirrhous cercinoma medullary carci noma carci noid argee ntaffin lipoma fibroma hema ngioma lympha ngioma hema ngioe ndothelioma hema ngipericytoma hema ngiosarcoma leiomyoma fibrosarcoma liposarcoma rhabdomyosarcom osteosarcoma osteoge nic sarcoma n euroblasto

53、ma n eurofibroma n evus mela noma teratoma n ephroblastoma biopsy carci noma in situ oncogene hydatidiform mole chorioepithelioma mucinous cystade noma serous cystade noma malig nant lymphomapharmacologydrug therapypharmacody namics pharmacological effect selectivity of drug effect therapeutic effec

54、t etiological treatme nt symptomatic treatme nt adverse react ion; adverse effectsside effecttoxic effectafter effectwithdrawal symptomsallergic reactio nhyperse nsitivityidios yn cratic reacti onsdrug-i nduced diseasesdose-effect relati on ship, dose-resp onse relati on ship graded resp on sesqua n

55、tal resp on ses efficacymaximal effectpote ncymedia n effective dosemedia n lethal dosetherapeutic in dexsafety marginreceptorliga ndaffinityin tri nsic activityagonistpartial ago nistan tago nist blockercompetitive an tago nistnon-competitive an tago nistg prote in-coupled receptorsliga nd-gated io

56、n cha nnel receptorsreceptor dese nsitizati onreceptor sen sitizati onpharmacok in eticsdrug dispositi ondrug tran sporttran smembra ne tran sportabsorptio ndistributi onexcreti onbiotra nsformatio nmetabolismfirst-pass elim in ati onbinding of drug to plasma prote insblood-bra in barrierplace ntal barrierhepatic drug-metaboliz ing en zymesin ductor of