B_7__U_1_(高中英語(yǔ)選修七第一單元語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞不定式)

1、Grammar ：The InfinitiveThe Infinitive動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式 Unit 1 Living wellMarty says2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.3. Then I started to get weaker and weaker. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.4. Ev

2、en after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Marty saysMarty says7. Last year I

3、inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.9. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式。是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式。由由“ 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, , 其否定形式是其否定形式

4、是“ ”, ,不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ), ,沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化化, ,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。不定式可以但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式to+doto+donot/never to donot/never to do結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) : to do (否定否定) not/never to do 二二. 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式一般式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式不定式不定式

5、to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/ /幾乎幾乎/ /發(fā)生在發(fā)生在它之后它之后.).)( (在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí), ,不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行) )( (完成式

6、表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前, ,不定式的不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)) )1. 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)2. 作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)3. 作賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)5. 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)6. 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)7. 作插入語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)三、用法三、用法To see is to believe.Its important .學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。1. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)My jo

7、b is . （照顧病人）（照顧病人）Your task is .你的任務(wù)是打掃教室。你的任務(wù)是打掃教室。to learn English wellto help the patientto clean the classroom.It be adj to do sth2. 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary .我覺(jué)得有必要再跟他談?wù)?。我覺(jué)得有必要再跟他談?wù)劇? 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)think/ consider/ find /make/feel it + adj.+ to do

8、 to talk to him again常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：want, agree, afford, attempt, choose, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, fail, expect, get, hate, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish。The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you

9、.我希望你給我?guī)椭蚁Ｍ憬o我?guī)椭?引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth4. 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)to give me some help五看五看 watch see look at observe notice(1.)使役動(dòng)詞：三使使役動(dòng)詞：三使 let make have 二聽(tīng)二聽(tīng) listen to hear一感覺(jué)一感覺(jué): feel(2.)感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞e.g. I made him do his work.He was (by me).注意注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能省被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能省to）made

10、 to do his work(3) 不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí)后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的任何一種的任何一種形式形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to. She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides sleep?You have no choice but to accept itI have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .5. 定語(yǔ)定

11、語(yǔ) 如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物不及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞,則不則不 定式中要有介詞定式中要有介詞. 請(qǐng)給我一支寫(xiě)字的筆請(qǐng)給我一支寫(xiě)字的筆.Please give me a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about. He spoke loudly .(1.) 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to6 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)I came here .我來(lái)是為了見(jiàn)你我來(lái)是為了見(jiàn)你to see youso as / in order/ to b

12、e heard他大聲說(shuō)話以便讓大家都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。他大聲說(shuō)話以便讓大家都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。(2.) 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后作不定式可以用在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ), sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, right, wrong, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised 聽(tīng)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我們很吃驚。到這個(gè)消息我們很吃驚。to hear the news. so + adj. / adv. + as to dos

13、uch + a/an. + n. +as to doadj. / adv.+ enough + to doonly to , tooto He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it.(3.) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ): : He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)to be frank, to be honest, to

14、tell the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with you.疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞 who,which, when, how, whatwho,which, when, how, what等等與不定式與不定式連用，連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。He didnt know . . (賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)) 他不知道說(shuō)什么。他不知道說(shuō)什么。 the problem is very important. .(主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)) 如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。My question is . . (表

15、語(yǔ)表語(yǔ))我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+不定式不定式what to sayHow to solvewhen to start My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered

16、_ the northern part of the Atlantic. having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. Having sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. To

17、 sleep 6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. to solving, making B.

18、 to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.W

19、e find it impossible for us _ the work ahead of time. to be finished B. finishing C. being finished D. to finish11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change? to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.

20、 To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his teacher entered. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read【補(bǔ)償訓(xùn)練補(bǔ)償訓(xùn)練】(2012全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)The old man sat in front of the television every even

21、ing, happy anything that happened to be on. A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched2. (2012四川高考四川高考)New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. A. that B. this C. one D. it3. (2012北京高考北京高考)Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds awa

22、y. A. to stayB. stayingC. stayedD. stay5. (2011山東高考山東高考)The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that4. (2011湖南高考湖南高考)The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed1.

23、 Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here bu