第五講主謂一致

1、在英語中，句子的在英語中，句子的主語主語和和謂語動詞謂語動詞要保持要保持人稱人稱和和數(shù)數(shù)的一致關(guān)系，的一致關(guān)系，叫主謂一致！叫主謂一致！主謂一致主謂一致語法一致語法一致意義一致意義一致就近（一致）原則就近（一致）原則單數(shù)主語+單數(shù)謂語動詞He is/He likes.復(fù)數(shù)主語+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞、The rich areLiming and Chenling likeThe Chinese are hard-working.Chinese is not a difficult subject.not onlybut alsoneithernoreitherorthere be主謂一致主謂一致1、就近

2、原則就近原則 eitheror 和和就遠(yuǎn)原則就遠(yuǎn)原則 with, except, besides, as well as, but,2、to +動詞和動詞和 動詞動詞+ ing 作主語謂語用單數(shù)作主語謂語用單數(shù)3、不定代詞作主語謂語用單數(shù)不定代詞作主語謂語用單數(shù) something, everything, anythingsomeone, everyone, anyone4、不可數(shù)名詞作主語謂語用單數(shù)，有量詞時要看量詞、不可數(shù)名詞作主語謂語用單數(shù)，有量詞時要看量詞 Two cups of tea are enough.To learn English well is important.練一

3、練：Reading in the sun _ bad for your eyes Aare Bwas Cis Dare Someone _ knocking at the door now Ais Bare Cwas DwereThe shoes _ mine,This pair of shoes _ my brothers. Aare，is Bis，are Care，are Dare，amEither Li Lei or I _ going to carry water for Grandmatomorrow Awas Bam Cis DAreAll but one _ here just

4、now. A. Has B. are C. was D. werecAABD5、否定詞作主語謂語用單數(shù)、否定詞作主語謂語用單數(shù)6、看詞義：例如：、看詞義：例如： the Greens , family, police, class, team, the young the speaker and writer, the number of, a number of , one of Each of, both of., some of, two thirds of7. 一個整體作主語謂語用單數(shù)一個整體作主語謂語用單數(shù) twenty years, ten dollarsNo one except

5、 my close friends knows anything about this matter.How time flies! Ten years has passed.練一練：練一練：No news _ good newsAare Bis Cam DWereThe police _ looking for the lost boy Ais Bare Cbe Dwill beTen yuan _ not expensive Ais Bare Cbe DwasBBA考點考點1：語法一致原則：語法一致原則(1)動詞不定式、動名詞、從句或不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Reading i

6、n the sun is bad for our eyes.(2)由and，bothand連接的兩個名詞作主語，表示兩個不同的人或兩個不同的人或物物時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)；指同一個人或物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The artist and the writer have come to our school. (藝術(shù)家和作家，兩個人)The artist and writer has come to our school. (藝術(shù)家兼作家，同一個人)(3)不定代詞不定代詞(somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, ever

7、ybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing, each, every) 作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Each of us has to bring a bucket to the park to plant trees.但是：We each have to bring a bucket to the park to plant trees.(4)clothes, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves 等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果有量詞量詞“a kind of,

8、 a piece of, a pair of ”等詞修飾時，則依量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來定。如：The trousers are very nice.The pair of trousers is very nice.(5)news(新聞)，politics(政治)，maths(數(shù)學(xué))，physics(物理)等詞，雖然形式上是以s結(jié)尾，但表示的意義是單數(shù)，故謂語動詞要表示的意義是單數(shù)，故謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式用單數(shù)形式。相反，people，police等詞形式上是單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：Maths is my favourite subje

9、ct. 數(shù)學(xué)是我最喜歡的學(xué)科。(6)a/an 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞or two，“一至兩”；作主語時，作主語時，謂語動詞謂語動詞用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。如：A teacher or two was late for school.練一練練一練 The doctor and writer _(have) been here for two years Nothing _ (be) impossible. A pair of new shoes _ given to me as a present by my father last week Toms new trousers _(be) blue He o

10、r she _ (have) gone there The news _ (be) very interesting hasisisarehasis(7)主語是主語是each/every單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞and(each/every)單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個男人和女人都在工作。每個男人和女人都在工作。 (8)當(dāng)主語部分含有當(dāng)主語部分含有with

11、, together with, as well as, besides, except, but, like (像像)等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞與介詞或等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞與介詞或介詞短語前面的名詞保持一致。介詞短語前面的名詞保持一致。即就遠(yuǎn)原則即就遠(yuǎn)原則如：如：Everyone except Jim and Mike has read the book.Mrs Li with her friends goes shopping every weekend.My parents besides me are going to see the film tonight.All but

12、 one were here just now.考點考點2：就近一致原則：就近一致原則就近原則：就近原則：neithernor, either or, not onlybut also, not but, 以及以及there be連接兩個并列的主語時，連接兩個并列的主語時，謂語動詞跟它靠近的主語一致。謂語動詞跟它靠近的主語一致。如：如：Neither you nor she likes listening to this song.注意：注意：neither of, either of, one of 作主語時，謂語動作主語時，謂語動詞用詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)如；如；Neither of the ans

13、wers is wrong. There is a pen, two books and some other things on the desk. 1. Robert with his two kids _to the beach for vacation every year. (2010廣東中考)A. go B. goes C. went D. are going 2. Either Mary or he _going to Paris. Only one person may go there. (2008黑龍江)A. are B. is C. was 3. Both Jim and

14、 Kate_in Beijing now. They both_from America. (2008廣東中考)A. is, come B. are, come Cis, comes D. are, comesBBB考點考點3: 意義一致的原則意義一致的原則(1)表示時間、距離、價格、重量、數(shù)目、數(shù)學(xué)運算等的詞或短語表示時間、距離、價格、重量、數(shù)目、數(shù)學(xué)運算等的詞或短語作主語時，作主語時，表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 例如例如：Five and three is eight.(2)集體名詞集體名詞：family, class, team, group 等表示整體

15、概念時，謂語等表示整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；表示集體中的成員從事某一活動時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。動詞用單數(shù)；表示集體中的成員從事某一活動時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Class One is a very good class.Now Class One are having a football match on the playground.(3)the 形容詞詞表示一類人表示一類人時時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如如：The old are looked after well in this old peoples house.(4)the 姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示一對夫婦或一家人

16、，謂語動詞用，表示一對夫婦或一家人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)如如：The Browns are going to Germany to spend their holiday next week.練一練：練一練： Every door and every window _ (be) to be cleaned The rich _ (be) not always happy Three months _ (be) not enough for us Neither of us _(dare) to climb the tall tree Mr Read，with his mother, _ (be)

17、 watching TV Five hundred miles _ (be)a long wayisaredaresisisis(5)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時，分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時，依所修飾名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定依所修飾名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如：Three fourths of the work is done by the computer.(6)a number of “許多，大量許多，大量”；作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of “的數(shù)量的數(shù)量”；作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：The number of the workers in t

18、his factory is about 700.A number of the workers in this factory are women.(7)名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs等作等作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于后面名詞的數(shù)后面名詞的數(shù)，如：Hers is a new bike. 她她的是一輛新自行車。的是一輛新自行車。Ours are old bikes. 我們的是些舊自行車。我們的是些舊自行車。顧名思義：主語、謂語意義一致，即顧名思義：主語、謂語意義一致，即單數(shù)主語單數(shù)主語+單

19、數(shù)謂語，反之亦然單數(shù)謂語，反之亦然。考考你的觀察與歸納能力！考考你的觀察與歸納能力！1.Three hours _(be)not a short time.2. 35 dollars _(be) too much for her to buy this bag.3.Class4 _(be)a big warm family.4.Our class _(be) going to have a picnic this week.5.Three fourths of the work_(be) done by the computer.6.Only one fifth(20%) of the boy

20、s _(like) playing basketball.7. Yours _(be) a new bike. Ours _(be) old ones.8. The young _(like)pop music very much.9.The Greens _(be) visiting the Great Wall at the moment.10. The number of the students in Class6 _(be) 54, and a number of them _(like) English very much.isisisareislikeisarelikeareis

21、like 策略點撥：一般說來，主謂一致的用法，在中考中貫穿于任何題型，無論是單項選擇、完形填空還是短文填空以及聽力、寫作等。在做題時，一定要考慮語法是否一致，意義是否一致，以及相關(guān)的標(biāo)志詞，如就遠(yuǎn)原則、就近原則的代表詞、分?jǐn)?shù)等。1. Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _ fond of the TV program A Bite of China. I am also deeply moved by its stories！ (2012廣東中考)Ais Bam Cwas Dare 2. David, there _ a dictionary and some books o

22、n your desk. Please put them away.OK. Mum. Ill do it right away. (2011廣東中考)A. is B. are C. has D. have DA The number of the students in our school_ 1809, and a number of them _.A: is , come from village. B: are, comes from villageC: is, came from village D: are, came from village2. The Whites _the G

23、reat Wall at the moment.A: are visiting B: is visitingC: visits D: visitAA1.China _ a large population.And two thirds of the them _ in the east.A: has , lives B: has, liveC: have, live D: have , liveB近義詞區(qū)分arrive in(at) / get to / reacharrive in+大地點 at + 小地點 如果后沒地點時只能用arriveget to +地點reach +地點：另外reac

24、h還有“夠到，達(dá)到”之意 My uncle reach Beijing yesterday.My grandpa has reached 100 years old.注意：如果動詞后接副詞home, here, there時，則介詞省略。如：come here, arrive there, get home1. - Has your uncle _ - Not yet.2. He is the first to _ to the top of mountain.3. Can you _ the flag on the wall?4. Last night they _ at a little

25、village and stayed there for a whole night.arrivedgetreacharrivedbeat/ win 贏，打敗beat 的賓語是對手，可以是物， 也可以是人beat sb; beat 還可以表示“用力擊打或心臟跳動”win賓語是 贏來的東西或打贏的比賽或戰(zhàn)爭。Class One won the basketball match.1. I cant believe that their team can_ ours.2. Come on. You must _ the match.3. Dont be nervous. Make sure you

26、can_ . beatwinwinborrow/ lend/ keep借borow借入，常用詞組 borrow. from. I borrowed a book from him.lend 借出，常用詞組lend. to.He lent a book to me.keep 借，后面+一段時間You can keep the book for a week.1. - Can I _ your dictionary? - Sure. But you can only _ it for an hour.2. My bike was broken on the way. The kind old ma

27、n _ his bike to me.borrowkeeplentbring/ take/ fetch/ get/ carrybring 拿來（由遠(yuǎn)到近，單程）take 帶走（由近到遠(yuǎn)，單程）take sth with sbfetch= get 去拿來（由說話地到別地拿東西來，雙程）carry攜帶，運載，不強調(diào)方向。常指較重的東西。1. Can you help me _ the box upstairs?2. Lucy, please go to my office and _ your exercise book to the clarssroom.3. _ an umbrella wit

28、h you. Its raining.4. Please dont forget to _ your homework to school.carryfetchTake bringdress/ put on/ wear/ indress + 人“ 給.穿put on +衣服 穿上 表動作. 還有意思為上演wear+衣服 穿著表狀態(tài)in+顏色/衣服穿著 表狀態(tài)1. His brother is old enough to _ himself.2. He likes _ a hat.3. The boy _ red is Jims brother. 4. _ your coat. Its cold

29、 outside.dresswearinginPut onlook for/ find/ find outlook for “尋找”，強調(diào)動作。 find ” 找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”。強調(diào)結(jié)果。常用句型 sb find it + adj. to do sth find out “查明，找出真理”（經(jīng)過調(diào)查，訪問等努力之后發(fā)現(xiàn)事實）1. I cant _ my exercise book. So I am _ it.2. The teacher has _ who broke the window of classroom.findlooking forfound outlisten to / hear/

30、 sound listen“聽” 強調(diào)動作 ，不及物動動詞后不帶賓語。帶賓語時要加 to 例：listen to mehear 聽見，強調(diào)結(jié)果sound聽起來，后接形容詞1. The music _ wonderful. He _it so carefully that he couldnt _ his mother calling him.2. Please _ carefully in class. If you cant _ clearly, you can sit in front.soundslistened tohearlistenhearlook at/ see/ lookloo

31、k ”看“ 強調(diào)動作，不及物動詞，后不帶賓語。 帶賓語時要加 at 例: look at the picture.look ”看起來“，后加形容詞。see “看見”， 強調(diào)結(jié)果。1. _ , the baby is smiling. Can you _?2. Please _ the blackboard. Dont _ outside.3. It _ beautiful.Lookseelook atlooklookslook / see/ read/ watchlook 看，強調(diào)看的動作。see 看見，強調(diào)結(jié)果。注意see a film/ watch a movie常用詞組see sb do

32、 sth / see sb doing sthread 看，指看報刊，書刊，雜志等。watch觀看，注視“，主要強調(diào)看電影，比賽。常用詞組watch sb do sth / watch sb doing sth1. After lunch, his father always _ newspaper on the sofa.2. Bill was late for work this morning because he _ football match too late last night.3. - Can I _ your photos ? - Of course.4. Last weekend our family _ the film 2012.readswatchedlook atsawforget/ leaveforget“忘記”常用詞組 forget to do sth忘記去做某事 forget doing sth 忘記做了某事leave “離