廣州2017中考完形填空和閱讀理解技巧講解及練習(xí)(共7頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上廣州2017中考完形填空和閱讀理解技巧講解及練習(xí)（一）完形填空做題技巧1、細(xì)讀首句，推測意圖。推測作者大概要寫什么樣的故事，仔細(xì)閱讀首句可以推斷文章的體裁，預(yù)測全文大意及主題思想。(首句最重要！)2、通讀全文，了解大意。依據(jù)首句給予的啟示，調(diào)動大腦的邏輯思維能力，借助文中關(guān)鍵詞語的語義信息，抓住全文大意。閱讀過程中考慮文章是什么內(nèi)容，抓住五個“wh”, 即when, where, who, what, why。（切忌做題時不通讀全文，采取邊閱讀邊填空甚至沒有讀懂全文就胡亂填的錯誤做法?。?、首尾兼顧，初定選項(xiàng)。通讀全文后，應(yīng)進(jìn)行逐句推敲，從意義上和結(jié)構(gòu)上確定答案的范圍

2、，注意散布不同位置的詞類。4、還原復(fù)讀，查漏補(bǔ)缺。填完后，檢查句子的詞類及搭配，糾正錯誤，彌補(bǔ)疏漏。Big schoolbags have been a serious problem for students for a long time. Maybe your schoolbag is too 46 to carry, and it troubles you a lot 47 you want to find a book out to read, Now an e-textbook will 48 you.It is said that e-textbooks are going to

3、 be 49 in Chinese middle schools. An e-textbook, in fact, is a small 50 for students. It is much 51 than a usual schoolbag and easy to carry. Though it is as small as a book, it can 52 all the materials for study. The students can read the text page by page on the 53 , take notes with the pointer（屏寫

4、筆）.Or even “54 ”their homework to their teachers by sending e-mails. All they have to do is to press a button.Some people say e-textbooks are good. but some say they may be 55 for the students eyes. What do you think of it?（ ）46.A.light B. heavy C. useful D. comfortable（ ）47.A.till B. after C. befor

5、e D. when（ ）48.A.trouble B. prevent C. help D. understand（ ）49.A.used B. kept C. invented D. lent（ ）50.A.TV B. radio C. pen D. computer（ ）51.A.heavier B. lighter C. cheaper D. brighter（ ）52.A.hold B. build C. discover D. practise （ ）53.A.blackboard B. desk C. screen D. card（ ）54.A.find out B. hand i

6、n C. get back D. give back（ ）55.A.helpful B. famousC. good D. bad（二）閱讀理解做題技巧 考綱中指出，閱讀理解主要考查學(xué)生對于不同體裁或不同題材語言材料的理解能力，以及通過材料的閱讀，對材料中信息的捕獲能力。此項(xiàng)能力的測試，對考生提出以下幾方面要求：1.不但要求掌握所讀材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求掌握文章中的詳細(xì)事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)。2.不但要求對于具體事實(shí)情節(jié)的理解，而且要求對其抽象含義的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖等。3.既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含義及全文的邏輯關(guān)系，又要求根據(jù)其含義及

7、邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷和推理。4.既要求考生能夠運(yùn)用材料中的信息去理解、分析問題；又要求考生能運(yùn)用中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的生活常識去分析、理解問題?！境鲱}方向】根據(jù)以上考綱要求，按往年的中考，閱讀理解題型設(shè)計(jì)大致可以分為以下幾種題型：A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題； B.推理判斷題；C.數(shù)據(jù)推算題； D. 主旨大意題/歸納總結(jié)題 E. 詞義猜測題/指代題【閱讀理解答題步驟】1、快速瀏覽問題劃一下題目的關(guān)鍵詞，從問題初步感知文章2、帶著問題，閱讀文章一遍3、回到問題本身，在文章中鎖定答案區(qū)域。4、對照A, B, C, D選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)斟酌答案。5、對于不能把握的題，一定要回到文章的中心主題，選擇與中心主題最接近的一個選項(xiàng)！【不同題型

8、的解題技巧】（一）細(xì)節(jié)理解題  這種題目比較簡單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)就可以解答出來，有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案。此類題目的出題形式很多，例如：(1) Which of the following statements is true / false ?    (2) Which of the following is（not）mentioned ?  (3)

9、How many  How much  Where  How  What?    (4) Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?  要快速辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就需要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂貌殚喌姆椒?。查閱是讀者在對材料有所了解的情況下進(jìn)行的，它的特點(diǎn)是帶著問題去尋找答案

10、，往往與略讀綜合使用，具體方法與步驟如下：按文章的體裁、作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)信息詞，如for example，first，second預(yù)測應(yīng)該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。  但也要注意轉(zhuǎn)折性的信息詞，如：but, however等，其說話的落腳點(diǎn)在后面。（二）推理判斷題 既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。常見的設(shè)題方式有：1. Whats the authors attitude about? / The writers

11、60;attitude towards is_.2. From the text, it can be inferred that_.  3.  The writer will talk about_ after the last paragraph.  解此類題目可從以下幾方面入手：（1）根據(jù)常識判斷。即解題時，除弄清文意外，還需借助生活常識、風(fēng)土人情、傳說掌故、名人軼事等進(jìn)行判斷。  （2）根據(jù)知識判斷。即解題時，運(yùn)用一些一般性知識，如天文、

12、地理、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、科技等自然科學(xué)和社會科學(xué)知識。  （3）根據(jù)情節(jié)判斷。即解題時，從情節(jié)所提供的基本事實(shí)出發(fā)，尋找一定規(guī)律，如時間關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等作為推理根據(jù)。這種題目最容易出現(xiàn)，考生要從時間、地點(diǎn)、事件的情節(jié)安排與發(fā)展中，深入探討其邏輯關(guān)系及隱喻、引申等因素。切記：推斷出來的選項(xiàng)是根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)推斷出來的，是原文沒有表明白，但我們根據(jù)各個細(xì)節(jié)共同推斷出來的，一定不能選擇那些已經(jīng)在文章中提到的表層細(xì)節(jié)，那些不是推斷的結(jié)果?。ㄈ?shù)據(jù)推算題 此題要求學(xué)生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡單計(jì)算和推斷。在做此類題時：要抓住并正確理解

13、與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息含義。此類型題比較簡單，確保讀懂文章中的數(shù)據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)算出來即可。（四）主旨大意題 /歸納總結(jié)題 這種題型要求學(xué)生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，對文章進(jìn)行歸納、概括或評價(jià)。解這種題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，如涉及文章的標(biāo)題（title）、主題（main idea）、結(jié)論（conclusion）、結(jié)局（end）等有關(guān)問題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識進(jìn)行邏輯思維、推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中的內(nèi)在信息。 常見的設(shè)題方式有：1. What is the main idea of this 

14、passage？/ The main idea of the article is_. 2. What does the passage mainly talk about？/ The passage suggests that_. /The general idea of the passage is about_. 3. What d

15、oes the writer want to tell us？4. Which  is the best title of this passage？5. The main purpose of this selection is_. 6. Which of the following best states 

16、;the theme of the passage?  尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。因此，在做題時，要注意每段的主題句(往往為第一句)。英文叫“Topic Sentence”，它一般都用來表示一個段落的主旨大意，抓住主題句，就不難確定文章的最佳標(biāo)題。具體解題的一些技巧：  （1）首先看短文的開頭和結(jié)尾，確定短文題材，預(yù)測其內(nèi)容。每段的第一句話往往會提供重要信息，可以幫助我們搜索各段落乃至整篇文章的大意。  （2）速讀全文，整體理解短文大意，抓住關(guān)鍵詞語，弄清文章的主旨。  （3）

17、根據(jù)已知短文內(nèi)容，著手解題?？上葘⑽暮蟮倪x擇題看一下，然后帶著問題再去閱讀。這樣做，一方面有助于對文章進(jìn)一步理解，另一方面可以有針對性地從文章中尋找答案。  （4）迅速復(fù)讀全文，檢查自己的理解是否正確，所選答案是否前后矛盾。通過全面考慮，最后確定答案。（五）猜測詞義題    猜測詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見過的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含

18、義。具體解題的一些技巧：  1.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞 通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如： You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault

19、. （blame的意思是_） 【解析】通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是"責(zé)備"。2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞    (1)通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay，即使我們不認(rèn)識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。如：Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，a

20、nd Jupiter with the help of spaceships.【解析】此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于"行星"這一義域。(2)通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，however等;二是看與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome

21、0;as his brother.【解析】根據(jù)not at all.handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。3.通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞    在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。如： During his childhood, he had some argument with his dad.【解析】argument是由argue +后綴ment構(gòu)成，

22、我們知道后綴只改變詞性，不改變詞義，故argument意為爭吵。4.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義   例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long long time. Then there is a dry period or drought.   【解析】從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought，由此可見d

23、rought意思為"久旱"，"旱災(zāi)"。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。5.通過句法功能來推測詞義   例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in&

24、#160;warm areas.【解析】假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。6.通過描述猜詞   描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird

25、 living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish. 【解析】從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生

26、活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。7.代入法 如果不能通過以上方法判斷詞義，就選擇用代入法，把A, B, C, D選項(xiàng)代入句子中翻譯。 （六）指代題  在閱讀中，我們經(jīng)常會遇到一些代詞的猜測，如：it, they, them, her/ hers; his, their等，對于此類型的題目，解題技巧只有一個：回歸到代詞出現(xiàn)的句子，將其前一句和后一句聯(lián)系起來理解，一般不難找出指代物。這種題型常見的設(shè)題方式如下：  The word “it / them” in the first para

27、graph refers to_.  【限時訓(xùn)練】三、完形填空My father died when I was a baby, and my mother had to go out to work. I was the only 1 so I had no brothers and sisters to play with at home. I used to play in the street with other children, or ride my bike down to the park, but I remember I 2 a l

28、ot of time just sitting at home reading. We had a television, I think, but dont remember 3 it very much. My grandparents lived with us and we used to do a lot of things togetherI remember we played card a lot. At the weekends, my mother always 4 we often went down to the sea and swam, and I 5 to swi

29、m when I was quite young. We didnt have a car, so we went everywhere by bus. Occasionally (偶爾), one of my uncles used to come and take us out in his car, which was a great 6 . For holidays we always went to the seaside, but never far awaymaybe a short train journey. My mother wasnt very 7 , and I do

30、nt remember her ever 8 me. In fact, I used to get my own way too much. I was given small pocket money because we werent very 9 , and I probably spent most of it on sweets, as far as I rememberI dont think anyone thought they were 10 for you then.( )1. A. childB. fatherC. friendD. mother( )2. A. used

31、B. keptC. tookD. spent( )3. A. repairingB. listening toC. watchingD. looking at( )4. A. let me inB. took me outC. told me storiesD. went shopping( )5. A. hatedB. learnedC. stoppedD. forgot( )6. A. gameB. chanceC. painD. pleasure( )7. A. strictB. kindC. interestedD. worried( )8. A. playing withB. sta

32、ying withC. beatingD. loving( )9. A. busyB. happyC. richD. well( )10. A. goodB. badC. importantD. delicious四閱讀理解。A More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe thats why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on r

33、oads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighborhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit

34、(受益)from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You dont even have to ride all the way. Folding (折疊) bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also

35、 take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers. Health Benefits of Bicycling:l It helps to prevent heart diseases. Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and f

36、rom work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood (心情). Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving.( )1. From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming

37、very .A. surprisingB. excitingC. expensiveD. popular( )2 When you are riding your bicycle around your neighbourhood, you may .A. pollute the environment aroundB. find something you didnt noticeC. go everywhere and use a little oilD. get off your bike and begin to work( )3. If you travel with a foldi

38、ng bike, you can fold it and . A. get out of the carB. take it onto a trainC. put it in your purseD. go on airline websites( )4. One of the benefits from bicycling is that .A. you can fold the bicycleB. you will be friendly to othersC. you will be more relaxedD. you may get fatter and fatter( )5. Wh

39、ich is TRUE according to the passage?A. Bicycling is enjoyable exercise for people.B. Driving cars is healthier than riding bikes. C. Riding a bike pollutes your neighbourhood. D. Common bikes are welcomed by all airlines.BIts not easy to be an astronauts sonEverybody expects you to be special or pe

40、rfect. I often wonder how my father ever had a son like me. I mean hes so special and so good at everything he does. Even in middle school he was class president and captain of the football team Well, to be honest, I often dream about being some kind of hero or doing something speciallike saving a c

41、hild from a burning building or discovering a new star.I was daydreaming at school one morning when my teacher said there would be a Fathers Day writing competition for the whole school.“I hope we have a winner right here in my class.” When I got home，I started to think about what to write. My fathe

42、r is an astronaut. No, I wouldnt start like that. That was the way others saw him. How did I see my father? Hmm, I saw him sitting with me in the dark when I had a terrible dreamI remembered how he hugged me for hours when my dog Spotty was killed by a car. Yes，these were the things I was going to w

43、rite. To me, he wasnt just a worldfamous astronaut. He was my dad My parents and I went to school Thursday night.There were so many people in the big hall! My dad looked at me, and I shrugged(聳肩) The third prize was announced and it was not me. I was relieved(釋然)and disappointed at the same time. Th

44、e second prize was announced. It was me I went up to the stage and read what I had written，“My fathers son”When I finished，the people stood up and cheeredI saw my father blowing his nose. Tears were running down my mother's face. Dad cleared his throat and put his hand on my shoulder“Son, this i

45、s the proudest moment of my life. It was the proudest moment of my life, tooMaybe Ill never be a great hero or win a Nobel Prize, but it was enough just to be my fathers son( )6The writer felt it to be the son of a famous person A1ucky Bnatural Chard Dpleasant( )7In order to_ the writer would like t

46、o save a child from a burning building Abecome astronaut Bbecome a great hero Cbe made school team captain Dbe made class president( )8What did the boy probably write in his composition? AA lot of special things he had done BThe story of his father as an astronaut CThe unforgettable time he spent wi

47、th his father DThe experiences his father had in middle school( )9The writer felt proud when he Agot a prize in a writing competition Bwon a Nobel Prize Csaved a child from a burning building Ddiscovered a new star( )10What is the best title for the passage? AMy daydream BMy fathers sonCMy famous fa

48、ther DMy happy familyC A reader wrote in to say that she was feeling lonely at break because her best friend wasnt around. Heres our advice to herand to all kids who feel lonely sometimesIts hard when a best friend isnt aroundmaybe because she moved to a different school or a different classYou may

49、feel lonely at break or lunchtimeYou want to have new friendsbut how do you make them? Maybe it seems like everybody else already has their friends. But remember, theres always room for more friendsStart by looking around your classroomthink about which kids youd like to play with at break. Look for

50、 chances to say hi to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to share something or express your appreciation(欣賞)to them. Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to sit here?” in the lunchroom. When youre at break，walk over to kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi，can l play,

51、 too?” or just join in If you have trouble doing this or if youre feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to helpand pretty

52、 soon, youll have one, or two, or even more new friends. You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didnt have before she left. You can introduce her to your new friends!( )11This text is written for Ateachers Bparents Cstudents Dvisitors(

53、 )12According to the writer, some kids feel lonely at break because they Ahave trouble with their studies Bdont have their best friends around Cneed their parents to be with them Dare too young to look after themselves( )13The underlined word this in Paragraph 4 refers to(指的是) Asharing your ideas Bt

54、alking before many people Cstudying better at school Ddeveloping new friendship( )14Some kids need help from teachers to make friends because · Athey miss their old friends a lot Bthey have no time to stay with others Cteachers know who wants a new friend Dthey are shy or not good at making fri

55、ends( )15The expression “feeling left out' means“ ”in ChineseA受冷落 B被調(diào)侃 C挨批評 D遭攻擊D Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek thinker, said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier. The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simpl