計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)中英文翻譯(外文翻譯、文獻(xiàn)翻譯)

1、英文參考文獻(xiàn)及翻譯Linux - Operating system of cybertimesThough for a lot of people , regard Linux as the main operating system to make up huge work station group, finish special effects of " Titanic " make , already can be regarded as and show talent fully. But for Linux, this only numerous news on

2、e of. Recently, the manufacturers concerned have announced that support the news of Linux to increase day by day, users' enthusiasm to Linux runs high unprecedentedly too. Then, Linux only have operating system not free more than on earth on 7 year this piece what glamour, get the favors of such

3、 numerous important software and hardware manufacturers as the masses of users and Orac le , Informix , HP , Sybase , Corel , Intel , Netscape , Dell ,etc. , OK?1.The background of Linux and characteristicLinux is a kind of " free (Free software ": What is called free,mean users can obtain

4、 the procedure and source code freely , and can use them freely , including revise or copy etc. It is a result of cybertimes, numerous technical staff finish its research and development together through Inte rnet, countless user is it test and except fault , can add user expansion function that one

5、self make conveniently to participate in. As the most outstanding one in free software, Linux has characteristic of the following:(1Totally follow POSLX standard, expand the network operatingsystem of supporting all AT&T and BSD Unix characteristic. Because of inheritting Unix outstanding design

6、 philosophy , and there are clean , stalwart , high-efficient and steady kernels, their all key codes are finished by Li nus Torvalds and other outstanding programmers, without any Unix code of AT&T or Berkeley, so Linu x is not Unix, but Linux and Unix are totally compatible.(2Real many tasks,

7、multi-user's system, the built-in networksupports, can be with such seamless links as NetWare , Windows NT , OS/2 , Unix ,etc. Network in various kinds of Unix it tests to be fastest in comparing and assess efficiency. Support such many kinds of files systems as FAT16 , FAT32 , NTFS , Ex t2FS ,

8、ISO9600 ,etc. at the same time .(3 Can operate it in many kinds of hardwares platform , including such processors as Alpha , SunSparc , PowerPC , MIPS ,etc., to various kinds of new-type peripheral hardwares, can from distribute on global numerous programmer there getting support rapidly too.(4 To t

9、hat the hardware requires lower, can obtain very good performance on more low-grade machine , what deserves particular mention is Linux outstanding stability , permitted " year " count often its running times.2.Main application of Linux At present,Now, the application of Linux mainly inclu

10、des:(1 Internet/Intranet: This is one that Linux was used most at present, it can offer and include Web server , all such Inter net services as Ftp server , Gopher server , SMTP/POP3 mail server , Proxy/Cache server , DNS server ,etc. Linux kernel supports IPalias , PPP and IPtunneling, these functi

11、ons can be used for setting up fictitious host computer , fictitious service , VPN (fictitious special-purpose network ,etc. Operating Apache Web server on Linux mainly, the occupation rate of market in 1998 is 49%, far exceeds the sum of such several big companies as Microsoft , Netscape ,etc.(2 Be

12、cause Linux has outstanding networking ability , it can be usedin calculating distributedly large-scaly, for instance cartoon making , scientific caculation , database and file server ,etc.(3 As realization that is can under low platform fullness of Unix that operate , apply at all levels teaching a

13、nd research work of universities and colleges extensively, if Mexico government announce middle and primary schools in the whole country dispose Linux and offer Internet service for student already.(4 Tabletop and handling official business appliedly. Application number of people of in this respect

14、at present not so good as Windows of Microsoft far also, reason its lie in Lin ux quantity , desk-top of application software not so good as Windows application far not merely,because the characteristic of the freedom software makes it not almost have advertisement that support (though the function

15、of Star Office is not second to MS Office at the same time, but there are actually few people knowing.3.Can Linux become a kind of major operating system?In the face of the pressure of coming from users that is strengthened day by day, more and more commercial companies transplant its application to

16、 Linux platform, comparatively important incident was as follows, in 1998 Compaq and HP determine to put forward user of requirement truss up Linux at their servers , IBM and Dell promise to offer customized Linux system to user too. Lotus announce, Notes the next edition include one special-purpose

17、 edition in Linux. Corel Company transplants its famous WordPerfect to on Linux, and free issue. Corel also plans to move the other figure pattern process products to Linux platform completely. Main database producer: Sybase , Informix , Oracle , CA , IBM have already been transplanted one's own

18、 database products to on Linux, or has finished Beta edition, among them Oracle and Informix also offer technical support to their products.4.The gratifying one is, some farsighted domestic corporations have begun to try hard to change this kind of current situation already. Stone Co. not long ago i

19、s it invest a huge sum of money to claim , regard Linux as platform develop a Internet/Intranet solution, regard this as the core and launch Stone's system integration business , plan to set up nationwide Linux technical support organization at the same time , take the lead to promote the freedo

20、m software application and development in China. In addition domestic computer Company , person who win of China , devoted to Linux relevant software and hardware application of system popularize too. Is it to intensification that Linux know , will have more and more enterprises accede to the ranks

21、that Linux will be used with domestic every enterprise to believe, more software will be planted in Linux platform. Meanwhile, the domestic university should regard Linux as the original version and upgrade already existing Unix content of courses , start with analysing the source code and revising

22、the kernel and train a large number of senior Linux talents, improve our country's own operating system. Having only really grasped the operating system, the software industry of our country could be got rid of and aped sedulously at present, the passive state led by the nose byothers, create co

23、nditions for revitalizing the software industry of our country fundamentally.中文翻譯Linux 網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的操作系統(tǒng)雖然對(duì)許多人來說, 以 Linux 作為主要的操作系統(tǒng)組成龐大的工作站群, 完 成 了泰坦尼克號(hào)的特技制作,已經(jīng)算是出盡了風(fēng)頭。但是對(duì) Linux 來說, 這只是眾多新聞 中的一個(gè)。 最近, 有關(guān)各廠商宣布支持 Linux 的新聞日趨增多, 用戶對(duì) Linux 的熱情也空前高 漲。那么, Linux 這個(gè)只有 7年多的免費(fèi)操作系 統(tǒng)到底有什么魅力, 能夠獲得廣大用戶及 Orac le 、 Informix

24、 、 HP 、 Sybase 、 Corel 、 Intel 、網(wǎng)景、 Dell 等眾多重要軟硬件廠商的青睞呢 ?1. Linux的背景和特色Linux 是一種“自由 (Free軟件” :所謂自由,是指用戶可以自由地獲取程 序及其源代碼, 并能自由地使用他們,包括修改或拷貝等。它是網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的產(chǎn) 物,眾多的技術(shù)人員通過 Inte rnet 共同完成它的研究和開發(fā),無數(shù)用戶參與了 測(cè)試和除錯(cuò),并可方便地加上用戶自己編制 的擴(kuò)充功能。作為自由軟件中最為 出色的一個(gè), Linux 具有如下的特點(diǎn):(1 完全遵循 POSLX 標(biāo)準(zhǔn), 并擴(kuò)展支持所有 AT&T和 BSD Unix 特性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)操 作

25、系統(tǒng)。由于繼承 了 Unix 優(yōu)秀的設(shè)計(jì)思想,且擁有干凈、健壯、高效且穩(wěn)定的 內(nèi)核,其所有核心代碼都是由 Li nus Torvalds以及其他優(yōu)秀的程序員們完成, 沒有 AT&T或伯克利的任何 Unix 代碼,所以 Linu x 不是 Unix ,但 Linux 與 Unix 完全兼容。(2 真正的多任務(wù)、 多用戶系統(tǒng), 內(nèi)置網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持, 能與 NetWare 、 Windows NT 、 OS/2、 Unix 等無縫連接。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)效能在各種 Unix 測(cè)試評(píng)比中速度最快。 同時(shí)支持 FAT16、 FAT32、 NTFS 、 Ex t2FS、 ISO9600等多種文件系統(tǒng)。(3 可運(yùn)行于

26、多種硬件平臺(tái),包括 Alpha 、 SunSparc 、 PowerPC 、 MIPS 等處理器,對(duì)各種新型 外圍硬件,也可以從分布于全球的眾多程序員那里得到迅速 地支持。(4 對(duì)硬件要求較低, 可在較低檔的機(jī)器上獲得很好的性能, 特別值得一提 的是 Linux 出色 的穩(wěn)定性,其運(yùn)行時(shí)間往往可以“年”計(jì)。2. Linux的主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域目前, Linux 的應(yīng)用主要包括:(1 Internet/Intranet:這是目前 Linux 用得最多的一項(xiàng),它可提供包括 Web 服務(wù)器、 Ftp 服 務(wù)器、 Gopher 服務(wù)器、 SMTP/POP3郵件服務(wù)器、 Proxy/Cache服務(wù)器、 DNS

27、 服務(wù)器等全部 Inter net服務(wù)。 Linux 內(nèi)核支持 IPalias 、 PPP 和 IPtunneling, 這些功能可用于建立虛擬主機(jī)、虛擬 服務(wù)、 VPN(虛擬專用網(wǎng) 等。 主要運(yùn)行于 Linux 之上的 Apache Web 服務(wù)器, 1998年的市場(chǎng)占有 率為 49%,遠(yuǎn) 遠(yuǎn)超過微軟、網(wǎng)景等幾家大公司之和。(2 由于 Linux 擁有出色的聯(lián)網(wǎng)能力, 因此它可用于大型分布式計(jì)算, 如動(dòng) 畫制作、科學(xué)計(jì) 算、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及文件服務(wù)器等。(3 作為可在低平臺(tái)下運(yùn)行的 Unix 的完整 (且免費(fèi) 的實(shí)現(xiàn),廣泛應(yīng)用于各 級(jí)院校的教學(xué)和科 研工作,如墨西哥政府已經(jīng)宣布在全國(guó)的所有中小學(xué)配置 Linux 并為學(xué)生提供 Internet 服務(wù) 。(4 桌面和辦公應(yīng)用。目前這方面的應(yīng)用人數(shù)還遠(yuǎn)不如微軟的 Windows ,其 原因不僅在于 Lin