模塊2unit3 單元語法過去完成時課件

1、Past Perfect Tense過去完成時過去完成時 Sarbrina他們一進(jìn)入墳?zāi)?，卡特留在開羅的幸運(yùn)鳥就被蛇吃了！他們一進(jìn)入墳?zāi)?，卡特留在開羅的幸運(yùn)鳥就被蛇吃了！Upon their entering the tomb, Carters lucky pet bird, which he _in Cairo, _by a snake.PresentPastCarter left his lucky pet bird in CairoCarters lucky pet bird was eaten by a snake.had left was swallowedPresentPast“W

2、e emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter. Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it containedThey emptied the tomb of everything it contained.Carter said that they had emptied the tomb.The past perfect tense used in reported speech當(dāng)警察趕到時，小偷早已經(jīng)跑了。當(dāng)警察趕到時，小偷早已經(jīng)跑了。Wh

3、en the police arrived, the thieves had already run away.在老師進(jìn)門前，我早就把小說藏起在老師進(jìn)門前，我早就把小說藏起來了來了Before the teacher came in, I had hiden my novel.After I had hiden my novel, the teacher came in .有有兩個動作兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去都發(fā)生在過去先后先后發(fā)生發(fā)生先發(fā)生的用先發(fā)生的用過完過完后發(fā)的用后發(fā)的用過去過去這就是過去完成時這就是過去完成時過去完成過去完成時時1. 定義定義: 表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)表示過去某

4、一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發(fā)生的生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發(fā)生的時間是時間是“過去的過去過去的過去” 指定在另一個過去行動之前就已經(jīng)完指定在另一個過去行動之前就已經(jīng)完成了的一個事件。成了的一個事件。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu): 主語主語+had+過去分詞過去分詞+其他其他.【用法用法】 1.過去完成時表示過去完成時表示：1)1)過去某一時刻或動作以前已完成的動過去某一時刻或動作以前已完成的動 作或存在的狀態(tài)作或存在的狀態(tài)2)2)過去一定時間內(nèi)某動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)過去一定時間內(nèi)某動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù) examples By the end of last year, I _for

5、 15 years.(teach) When I came back home, my favourite TV program _. (finish)had taughthad already finished過去某一時刻或動作以前已完成過去某一時刻或動作以前已完成的動的動 作或存在的狀態(tài)作或存在的狀態(tài)1.He said he _ (work)in that factory since 1949.2.He _(serve) in the army for ten years before he retired last year.had workedhad served表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)

6、生的動作表示過去某一時刻之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或還要或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時間或還要持續(xù)下去，常與持續(xù)下去，常與for，since等詞連用。等詞連用。2. 語法的判定語法的判定: A.由由時間狀語時間狀語來判定來判定: 與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：（ 1 ） by + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。如：過去的時間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。如：過去的時間點(diǎn)。如： We had learned over two

7、 thousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3 ） before + 過去的時間點(diǎn)。如：過去的時間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. B.由由“過去的過去過去的過去”來判定來判定: 動作先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的動作先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： （ 1 ）賓語從句中）賓語從句中 在在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的等動詞

8、后的賓語從句賓語從句,且從句的動作先于主句的動作時且從句的動作先于主句的動作時. She said that she had seen the film before.（ 2 ）狀語從句中）狀語從句中 在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。后的要用一般過去時。 After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. （3）表示意向的動詞，如）表示意向的動詞，如ho

9、pe, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，等，用過去完成時表示用過去完成時表示原本原本，未能，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 根據(jù)根據(jù)上、下文上、下文來判定來判定: I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.解析：答案為B。那支我以為已經(jīng)丟了的鋼筆。在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下?！皝G筆”是在“認(rèn)為”之前發(fā)生的動作。 The pen

10、I _ I _ is on my desk，right under my nose. A. think；lost B. thought；had lost C. think；had lost D. thought；have lost 3.一些特殊句型中過去完成時一些特殊句型中過去完成時(1). 主語主語hadhardly(scarcely)過去分詞過去分詞when (before)主語一般過去時。主語一般過去時。 主語主語hadno sooner過去分詞過去分詞than主語主語 一般過去時。一般過去時。 They had no sooner got home than it began to r

11、ain. 他們他們一一到家，天到家，天就就下起雨來。下起雨來。 _ got into the room，_ the telephone rang. A. He hardly had；then B. Hardly had he；when C. He had not；that D. Not had he；when 解析：解析： 正確答案為正確答案為B。當(dāng)否定詞。當(dāng)否定詞hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首時，主謂要倒裝。放在句首時，主謂要倒裝。 =u (2).It was時間時間since主語過去完成時主語過去完成時 It was the first(second.) tim

12、e+主語過主語過去完成時。去完成時。 They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying It was the first time he had come to China.4.與一般過去時的區(qū)別與一般過去時的區(qū)別: (1). 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強(qiáng)調(diào)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去過去的

13、過去”；而一般過去；而一般過去時只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。時只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。 比較：比較： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. (2). 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時，在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。生的則用一般過去時。 She was very happy. H

14、er whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. (3). 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用 and 或或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時；一般過去時來代替過去完成時； He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.Practice 1. Tom was disapp

15、ointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. A. left； had arrived B. left； arrivedC. had left； had arrived D. had left； arrived 2. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned 解析：解析： 正確答案為正確答案為D。guests先先“離開離開”，Tom后后“

16、到達(dá)到達(dá)”。 解析：解析： 根據(jù)根據(jù)by短語中的短語中的last year得知是到去年得知是到去年年末，正確選項(xiàng)為年末，正確選項(xiàng)為A2. Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. has left； comes B. left； had come C.had left； came D. had left； would come 3. He _his own lab by the time he was ten. 到十歲時，他已經(jīng)建起了自己的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。 4. He _English for

17、five years before he came here. 來這兒之前，他已經(jīng)學(xué)過五年英語了。 正確答案為正確答案為C。had to wait說明事情發(fā)生在過去，說明事情發(fā)生在過去，而而“忘帶鑰匙忘帶鑰匙”的動作發(fā)生在的動作發(fā)生在“等丈夫回家等丈夫回家”之前。之前。had already builthad studiedI _ at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.A.am B. has been C. had been D.was2. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _ her before.A.never sawB. had never seenc. Never seesD. has never seenCB3. He told me that he _ a new book.A.writes B. wrote C.has written D.had written4. Spring_after winter.A. comes B. came C. had come D. has come5.Hurry up! The play _for ten minut