章節(jié)教實驗版高三Module9Unit2

1、課標人教實驗版課標人教實驗版高三高三 module 9unit 2廣東廣東 曾桂萍曾桂萍 劉玉劉玉discuss1. how do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compa

2、ss, astrolabe, etc.2. which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude?latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. it was discovered a long time before longitude.3. can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used a

3、nd explain how they are used?1) compass ( in ancient china)2) astrolabe3) sextant4) sea / nautical / marine chart4. which ones do you think are still used today?sea charts are still used today.comprehending1. read the passage and answer the following questions.1) what is the use of a bearing circle,

4、 astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( ) what is the use of a compass? ( )a. to set the course of the ship b. to measure the position of the ship c. to measure the speed of the ship d. to tell the timeab2) why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?speed and time are importa

5、nt in finding out the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. if you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.3) why is the position of the sun and various stars usefu

6、l for working out latitude? the position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. so they can be used to measure a ships position.2. suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail

7、round africa. discuss in groups:1) what skills would you seek in your sailors?2) what problems would you anticipate for this journey?3. read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills.using nature_ fresh seaweed, nesting birds returning home in the evening or fog se

8、a currents or tides and winds4. there were two methods to find longitude: 1)_ 2)_ using instrumentsmeasuring time and speedcompass and complicated mathematical tables1. how do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented? 在現(xiàn)代精確的導航法尚未發(fā)明之前在現(xiàn)代精確的導航法尚未發(fā)明之前,

9、 你認為航海員是怎樣探路的你認為航海員是怎樣探路的?explanation on p11這是一個這是一個“特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞+do you think” 的雙重疑問句結構。除的雙重疑問句結構。除think以外以外believe，guess, suppose等詞也可以用于此結構。等詞也可以用于此結構。what do you suppose has happened to him?在在i thinkbelieveguesssuppose/ imagine等詞的句式中，如果從句有否定，等詞的句式中，如果從句有否定，否定詞應該前移，即否定轉移。否定詞應該前移，即否定轉移。i dont think h

10、e will comei think he will not come正正誤誤 invent vt發(fā)明，創(chuàng)作；虛構，杜撰發(fā)明，創(chuàng)作；虛構，杜撰alexander graham bell invented the telephone in 1876.1876年阿歷山大年阿歷山大格雷厄姆格雷厄姆貝爾發(fā)明了電話。貝爾發(fā)明了電話。the whole story was invented.整個故事是虛構的。整個故事是虛構的。 inventor n發(fā)明者，發(fā)明家，創(chuàng)造者發(fā)明者，發(fā)明家，創(chuàng)造者 invention n發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造；發(fā)明物發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造；發(fā)明物discover：invent：gilbert _ele

11、ctricity, but edison _the electric light bulb.who _america?who _the computer?客觀存在，被人發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀存在，被人發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀沒有，被人發(fā)明客觀沒有，被人發(fā)明discoveredinventeddiscoveredinvented吉爾伯特發(fā)現(xiàn)了電，愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈。吉爾伯特發(fā)現(xiàn)了電，愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈。誰發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲？誰發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲？誰發(fā)明了電腦？誰發(fā)明了電腦？2. work out to calculate an answer, amount, price, or value 計算計算 to think about sth. an

12、d manage to understand it 設法弄懂設法弄懂 to think carefully about how you are going to do sth. and plan a good way of doing it 精心制定出，安排精心制定出，安排eg. see if you can work out this bill out. the plot is so complicated that itll take you a while to work it out.計算計算弄明白弄明白 i cant work out geoff ; one day hes frie

13、ndly ,the next day he ignores me completely. i havent worked out whos gong to look after the kids tonight.明白明白計劃計劃3. latitude the angular distance north or south of the earths equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a map or globe.緯度：地球赤道北或南的角距離，例如在緯度：地球赤道北或南的角距離，例如在地圖或地球儀上沿著子午線用度數(shù)測量地圖或

14、地球儀上沿著子午線用度數(shù)測量e.g.our position is latitude 40 degrees north.我們的位置是北緯我們的位置是北緯40度。度。4. longitudethe angular distance on the earths surface, measured east or west from the prime meridian at greenwich, england, to the meridian passing through a position, expressed in degrees (or hours), minutes, and sec

15、onds.經線：地球表面的成角距離，從英國格林經線：地球表面的成角距離，從英國格林威治的本初子午線向東或向西至經過某一威治的本初子午線向東或向西至經過某一點的子午線計量，以度（或小時）、分和點的子午線計量，以度（或小時）、分和秒表示。秒表示。e.g.our position is longitude 116 degrees east.我們的位置是東經我們的位置是東經116度。度。5. identify vt.把把等同于等同于;認出認出,鑒定鑒定, 認為同一認為同一i identified the jacket at once；it was my brothershe identifies be

16、auty with goodnessidentify oneself with 與與有聯(lián)系有聯(lián)系,支持支持he preferred not to identify himself with that group.identification n. 辨認辨認, 鑒定鑒定, 證明證明, 視為同一視為同一identity n.同一性同一性, 身份身份, 一致一致, 特性特性, 恒等式恒等式identity card 身份證身份證1. we may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made

17、 it possible to plot a ships position on a map. 在經緯度未能繪出航船在地圖上的在經緯度未能繪出航船在地圖上的位置之前，我們很想知道航海員是怎樣位置之前，我們很想知道航海員是怎樣在海上探險的。在海上探險的。 readingpage 1 may/might well 很可能，極有可能很可能，極有可能 these are excellent photographs and we may well use them in our magazine. 這些是很不錯的照片，我們很有可能這些是很不錯的照片，我們很有可能把它們用在我們的雜志上。把它們用在我們的雜

18、志上。 you might well find that youll need more by the weekend. 到周末你很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)你需要更多東到周末你很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)你需要更多東西。西。 主語主語+thinkfeelmakeconsider+it +n.adj.+ forof sb. to do其中其中it為形式賓語，為形式賓語，forof引出動詞不定式引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語。的邏輯主語。i think it important for him to learn english well我認為學好英語對他很重要。我認為學好英語對他很重要。i have made it clear th

19、at i object to the plan.我已經表明我反對這個計劃。我已經表明我反對這個計劃。2. the voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.17世紀前的海上航行表明，即使沒有現(xiàn)世紀前的海上航行表明，即使沒有現(xiàn)代航海術的幫助，旅行者也沒有受大海代航海術的幫助，旅行者也沒有受大海的支配。的支配。voyage n./ vi. 航海航海

20、, 航行航行the voyage from england to india used to take six months.過去從英國航行到印度要六個月。過去從英國航行到印度要六個月。 go on/make/take a sea voyage去航海旅行去航海旅行voyager n.航行者航行者, 航海者航海者trip 指休閑或因商的短途旅行指休閑或因商的短途旅行journey 指從一地出發(fā)直達目的地的長指從一地出發(fā)直達目的地的長途陸路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出發(fā)點途陸路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出發(fā)點之意。之意。travel 常指到國外或某個遙遠的地方去，常指到國外或某個遙遠的地方去，不強調具體目

21、的地。指具體的旅行時常不強調具體目的地。指具體的旅行時常用復數(shù)，用單數(shù)一般表示旅行的抽象概用復數(shù)，用單數(shù)一般表示旅行的抽象概念。念。voyage 強調較遠距離的水上或空中旅行強調較遠距離的水上或空中旅行或游歷。或游歷。tour 指周游或巡回旅行，常常是訪問一指周游或巡回旅行，常常是訪問一系列地方后再回到原出發(fā)點。系列地方后再回到原出發(fā)點。e.g.we will have a comfortable voyage to the far east through air.我們乘飛機去遠東旅游將會非常舒適。我們乘飛機去遠東旅游將會非常舒適。the journey to the seaside wil

22、l take not more than two days.到海邊去旅行最多需要花費兩天時間。到海邊去旅行最多需要花費兩天時間。i at once began making preparations for a trip home.我馬上開始為回家做準備。我馬上開始為回家做準備。our american friends are making a tour of shanghai.我們的美國朋友正在對上海進行巡回旅我們的美國朋友正在對上海進行巡回旅行。行。he came back home after years of foreign travel.在多年的國外旅行后他回到了家。在多年的國外旅行

23、后他回到了家。 at the mercy ofwithout any protection against; helpless before 任由任由擺布；在擺布；在面前無助面前無助 they were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather. 他們在海上迷失了方向他們在海上迷失了方向,任憑風和天氣任憑風和天氣的擺布。的擺布。 i dont like to be at the mercy of such a man. 我不愿受這樣一個人的擺布。我不愿受這樣一個人的擺布。have mercy on/ show mercy to 對對表示憐憫表示

24、憐憫the terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.恐怖分子對人質殘酷無情?？植婪肿訉θ速|殘酷無情。without mercy 毫不留情地毫不留情地the mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.那位母親狠心地把垂死的嬰兒丟棄在醫(yī)院。那位母親狠心地把垂死的嬰兒丟棄在醫(yī)院。its a mercy (that) (口口)幸運的是幸運的是,幸虧幸虧(用于表示更遭的情況得以避免總算是幸用于表示更遭的情況得以避免總算是幸運運)its a mercy the accident happe

25、ned so near the hospital.幸虧事故發(fā)生在離醫(yī)院很近的地方。幸虧事故發(fā)生在離醫(yī)院很近的地方。its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸運的是她傷勢不重。幸運的是她傷勢不重。 even though = even if 雖然雖然,即使即使 引導讓步狀語從句引導讓步狀語從句a.引導把握不大或假設的事情引導把握不大或假設的事情 even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud. 即使我們在工作上取得了巨大的勝利，即使我們在工作上取得了巨大的勝利，也不能驕傲。

26、也不能驕傲。 he will have problems in finding a job even if he can pass the exam. 即便他能通過考試，以后找工作也成即便他能通過考試，以后找工作也成問題。問題。 they wouldnt lose heart even if they failed ten times. 即使他們失敗十次也不灰心喪氣。即使他們失敗十次也不灰心喪氣。b.引出事實引出事實even though he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher.他雖然遲到了，也沒有挨老師的批評。他雖然遲到了，也沒有挨

27、老師的批評。i can still remember, even though it was so long ago.雖然這是很久以前的事，我還記得。雖然這是很久以前的事，我還記得。3. alongside prep. = by the side of; side by side with在在旁邊；與旁邊；與并排并排adv. = along, near, at, or to the side在在旁邊，近旁，沿著邊旁邊，近旁，沿著邊he parked his car alongside the fence.他把車沿著圍墻停放。他把車沿著圍墻停放。a car drew up alongside.一

28、輛汽車開上來并排而行。一輛汽車開上來并排而行。4. minimum (min) adj. 最小的最小的, 最低的最低的 n. 最小值最小值, 最小化。最小化。其反義詞為其反義詞為maximum (max) adj. 最高的最高的, 最多的最多的, 最大極限的最大極限的n. 最大量最大量, 最大限度最大限度, 極大極大 the minimum requirements for the job are a degree and two years experience. 該工作的最低要求是要有學位和兩年該工作的最低要求是要有學位和兩年的工作經驗。的工作經驗。 you must get a mini

29、mum of 40 questions right to pass the examination. 你最少必須答對你最少必須答對40道題才能通過考試。道題才能通過考試。 keep/reduce sth. to a minimum 將某物保持在將某物保持在/降低到最低限度降低到最低限度 the school manages to keep bullying to a minimum. 學校設法最低限度得減少恃強凌弱的行學校設法最低限度得減少恃強凌弱的行為。為。 the maximum number of students in each class is 58. 每個班學生人數(shù)的最高限額是每個

30、班學生人數(shù)的最高限額是58名。名。 we must make maximum use of the resources available. 我們必須最大限度地利用可得到的資源。我們必須最大限度地利用可得到的資源。 temperature will reach a maximum of 40 here. 這兒的最高氣溫將達這兒的最高氣溫將達40攝氏度。攝氏度。5. indicate vt. 指出指出, 顯示顯示, 象征象征, 預示預示, 需要需要, 簡要地說明簡要地說明i asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop oppos

31、ite.我問他姐姐在哪兒我問他姐姐在哪兒, 他朝對面的商店指了他朝對面的商店指了一下。一下。i indicated that his help was not welcome.我表明他的幫助不受歡迎。我表明他的幫助不受歡迎。6. close adj. near in space or time 空間上或時間上靠近的空間上或時間上靠近的 likely 可能的可能的careful 小心的小心的close to death 離死亡不遠離死亡不遠take a close look at sth.嚴密注意某物嚴密注意某物keep a close watch/eye on仔細地看仔細地看they chos

32、e a spot close to the river for their picnic.他們選擇了一個離河不遠的地方進行野他們選擇了一個離河不遠的地方進行野餐。餐。your birthday is close to mine.你的生日離我的生日相隔不長。你的生日離我的生日相隔不長。the two countries are close to signing a peace agreement.兩國即將簽署和平協(xié)議。兩國即將簽署和平協(xié)議。7. used to do表過去習慣化的動作或狀態(tài)表過去習慣化的動作或狀態(tài)be/become/get used to doing/n.習慣于習慣于(to為介詞

33、為介詞)be used to do 為被動語態(tài)，表示為被動語態(tài)，表示“被用來做某事被用來做某事”i used to go swimming on saturdays but now i dont.the country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. (2005 山東山東) a. change b. has changed c. changing d. have changedim not used to getting up so early. cloth is used to make clothes.used to do與與 would

34、 用法對比用法對比1. used to do表示過去的動作、狀態(tài)表示過去的動作、狀態(tài), 重重在與現(xiàn)在情況的對比在與現(xiàn)在情況的對比,不一定要有時間狀語。不一定要有時間狀語。would 只表示過去動作的重復只表示過去動作的重復, 有明確的有明確的時間狀語。時間狀語。 i would go to see my grandfather on sunday when he was in the middle school. i used to play cards a lot, but now i seldom play. 2.表示過去的習慣表示過去的習慣, 可互換?？苫Q。 when we were

35、very young, we used to/would go skating every winter.注注: used to do 的否定式的否定式: usednt to do/didnt use to do (usednt也可寫作也可寫作usent.) 疑問式疑問式:did you use to do?/ used you to do?didnt you use to do?/ usednt you to do?8. nowhere adv.無處無處, 到處都無到處都無 該詞用于句首時，要用倒裝語序。該詞用于句首時，要用倒裝語序。i have no job and nowhere to

36、live.我沒工作，也沒地方住。我沒工作，也沒地方住。nowhere could i see him.我哪兒也看不到他。我哪兒也看不到他。 maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace. (2004 遼寧遼寧) a. can you find b. you could find c. you can find d. could you find9. offshore adj./adv.向海面吹的向海面吹的, 離岸的離岸的, 海面上的海面上的, 海上海上/下作業(yè)的下作業(yè)的offs

37、hore workers 海上作業(yè)的工人海上作業(yè)的工人 offshore bank/company/investment境外銀行境外銀行/公司公司/投資投資offshore wind/current etc.從陸地吹向海面的風從陸地吹向海面的風/離岸的潮流離岸的潮流the storm moved offshore. 風暴離岸移動。風暴離岸移動。a boat moored offshore. 船在近海下錨。船在近海下錨。10. accelerate vi./vt.= to (cause to ) move faster 加速加速, 促促進進she accelerated her car and

38、passed the bus in front.她加快車速超過了前面的公共汽車。她加快車速超過了前面的公共汽車。the car suddenly accelerated.那輛車突然開始加速。那輛車突然開始加速。1. secure adj.安全的安全的, 可靠的可靠的, 放心的放心的, 無慮的無慮的v. 保護保護,使安全使安全 our house is secure from flood. 我們的房子沒有被淹的危險。我們的房子沒有被淹的危險。 some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood. 這道堤防需要采取一些措施這道堤防需要采

39、取一些措施, 免得被免得被洪水沖壞。洪水沖壞。page2security n.安全，保安，保護安全，保安，保護security was tight during the presidents visit.總統(tǒng)來訪期間，保安工作十分嚴密?？偨y(tǒng)來訪期間，保安工作十分嚴密。for security reasons the visitors were searched.為了安全起見，來賓受到了檢查。為了安全起見，來賓受到了檢查。2. no/not/never until 直到直到才才-was his father very strict with him when he was at school?-

40、yes. he had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. (03 北京春北京春) a. after b. unless c. until d. when3. knot n.(繩等的繩等的)結結, (樹的樹的)節(jié)節(jié); 船速船速,海里海里/小時小時 v.打結打結 he tied his belt with a knot. 他把帶子打了個結。他把帶子打了個結。 the wire is too stiff to knot easily. 這根鐵絲太硬了這根鐵絲太硬了, 不容易打結。不容易打結。4. i

41、nvolve vt. 包括，使陷于包括，使陷于,使參與，影響使參與，影響 dont involve other people in your mistakes. 別把別人牽涉到你的錯誤中去。別把別人牽涉到你的錯誤中去。 all the children were involved in the school play. 所有的孩子都參加了學校排練的戲劇。所有的孩子都參加了學校排練的戲劇。 the matter is serious because it involves your reputation. 這件事很嚴重，因為它影響到你的聲譽。這件事很嚴重，因為它影響到你的聲譽。 involve

42、指必然包括的結果指必然包括的結果 include 指包括屬于整體的部分指包括屬于整體的部分 contain 指包含在內或含有幾種成分指包含在內或含有幾種成分 hold 常指含有多少容量，可與常指含有多少容量，可與contain互換互換involve, include, contain, holdtaking the job _living abroad.接受這項工作就一定要住在國外。接受這項工作就一定要住在國外。the price _postage charges.價格包括郵資在內。價格包括郵資在內。beer _alcohol.啤酒里含有酒精。啤酒里含有酒精。how much water do

43、es the pan_?那盤子能盛多少水？那盤子能盛多少水？involvesincludescontainshold5. nautical mile 海里（合海里（合1.852公里）在航海和航空上公里）在航海和航空上應用的長度單位，按地球大圓一弧分應用的長度單位，按地球大圓一弧分長計，尤指國際和美國單位。長計，尤指國際和美國單位。6. magnetic adj. 磁的磁的, 有磁性的有磁性的, 有吸引力的有吸引力的 magnet n. 磁體磁體, 磁鐵磁鐵 a magnetic recorder 磁錄音機磁錄音機 a magnetic compass bearing可分辨磁極方向的羅盤可分辨磁

44、極方向的羅盤a magnetic person 有魅力的人有魅力的人the iron has lost its magnetic force.這鐵已失去磁力。這鐵已失去磁力。7. direction n.方向方向;指導指導;趨勢趨勢(常用復數(shù)常用復數(shù))指示指示, 用法用法, 說明說明(書書), 收件人地收件人地址址 full directions inside. 內附詳細說明書。內附詳細說明書。 in all directions = in every direction 向四面八方向四面八方follow ones directions 遵照某人的指示遵照某人的指示in which direc

45、tion are you going, north or south?你準備朝哪個方向走？向北還是向南？你準備朝哪個方向走？向北還是向南？this team is under my direction.這個小隊由我指揮。這個小隊由我指揮。 8. random n. 隨意隨意, 任意任意 adj. 任意的任意的, 隨便的隨便的, 胡亂的胡亂的 make a random choice 任意選擇任意選擇 at random = aimlessly; without any plan 隨機，隨便隨機，隨便 the travelers at the airport were searched at r

46、andom.（搜查人員對）機場上的旅客隨便選幾（搜查人員對）機場上的旅客隨便選幾個人加以搜查。個人加以搜查。 soiled dishes were piled at random. 臟碟子亂七八糟地堆著。臟碟子亂七八糟地堆著。9. awkward adj. 難使用的難使用的, 笨拙的笨拙的, 尷尬的尷尬的; 棘手的棘手的,難處理的難處理的 an awkward remark 令人窘迫的評論令人窘迫的評論 there was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say. 當誰都不知道說什么時，出現(xiàn)了令當誰都不知道說什么時，出現(xiàn)了令人尷尬的沉默

47、。人尷尬的沉默。他很笨，總是丟東西。他很笨，總是丟東西。he is awkward; he keeps dropping things.an awkward situation arose during the peace talks.在和平談判中出現(xiàn)了棘手的情況。在和平談判中出現(xiàn)了棘手的情況。10. reference n.提及提及, 涉及涉及, 參考參考, 參考書目參考書目, 證明書證明書(人人), 介紹信介紹信(人人)at the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.在會上老師提到了他的英雄事跡。在會上老師提到了

48、他的英雄事跡。these are reference books for teachers.這些是教師參考書。這些是教師參考書。refer v.提到提到, 涉及涉及, 查閱查閱, 咨詢咨詢the teacher often refers her pupils to this dictionary.老師經常讓她的學生查這本字典。老師經常讓她的學生查這本字典。her pupils often refer to this dictionary.她的學會經常查這本字典。她的學會經常查這本字典。dont refer to it again.別再提那件事。別再提那件事。11. precise adj. 精

49、確的精確的, 準確的準確的 precision n. 精確精確(性性), 精密精密(度度)a lawyer needs a precise mind.律師需要一絲不茍的精神。律師需要一絲不茍的精神。a camera is an instrument of precision.照相機是一種精密儀器。照相機是一種精密儀器。 12. simplify vt. 單一化單一化, 簡單化簡單化 simple adj. 簡單的簡單的 the english in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand. 這個故事里的英語被

50、簡寫以便更容易這個故事里的英語被簡寫以便更容易理解。理解。 his father lived a simple life in the country. 他父親在農村過著簡樸的生活。他父親在農村過著簡樸的生活。 13. portable adj. 輕便的輕便的, 手提手提(式式)的的, 便攜式的便攜式的 a portable typewriter 提式打字機提式打字機 a portable generator 便攜式發(fā)電機便攜式發(fā)電機14. shortcoming n. 缺點缺點, 短處（常用復數(shù)）短處（常用復數(shù)） in spite of all her shortcomings, she is still the best teacher the school has. 他盡管有些缺點，但仍然是該校最他盡管有些缺點，但仍然是該校最好的教師。好的教師。 15. update v. 使現(xiàn)代化使現(xiàn)代化, 修正修正, 校正校正, 更新更新 n. 現(xiàn)代化現(xiàn)代化, 更新更新 updated adj. 最新的，現(xiàn)代化的，適時的最新的，現(xiàn)代化的，適時的 an updated and revised edition 最新修訂本最新修訂本16.tendency n. 趨向趨向, 傾向傾向 weve noticed a growing tendency for people to work at h