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1、1993年全國攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題Section I Structure and VocabularyDirections:In each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)1. The board deemed it urgent that these files _ ri

2、ght away.A had to be printedB should have been printedC must be printedD should be printed2. The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.A to be set upB being set upC to have been set upD having been set up3. The school board listened q

3、uietly as John read the demands that his followers _ for.A be demonstratingB demonstrateC had been demonstratingD have demonstrated4. Ted had told me that he always escapes _ as he has got a very fast sport car.A to fineB to be finedC being finedD having been fined5. More than one third of the Chine

4、se in the United States live in California, _ in San Francisco.A previouslyB predominantlyC practicallyD permanently6. Prof. Lees book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A that you have observedB that how you have observedC how that you have observedD how what you have observed7. All figh

5、ts _ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.A were canceledB had been canceledC having canceledD having been canceled8. The new secretary has written a remarkably _ report only in a few pages but with all the details.A conciseB clearC preciseD elaborate9. With prices _ so much, its h

6、ard for the company to plan a budget.A fluctuatingB wavingC swingingD vibrating10. Expert say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _ healthy.A preserveB stayC maintainD reserve11. Expected noises are usually more _ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.A manageableB controllableC tol

7、erableD perceivable12. It isnt so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works _.A above allB in allC at allD after all13. There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees _ what constitutes a benefit to an individual.A onB withC toD in14. All

8、 the information we have collected in relation to that case _ very little.A makes up forB adds up toC comes up withD puts up with15. A really powerful speaker can _ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement.A work outB work overC work atD work up16. Before the students set off, they sp

9、ent much time setting a limit _ the expenses of the trip.A toB aboutC inD for17. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _ of maturity.A fulfillmentB achievementC establishmentD accomplishment18. From the tears in Nedras eyes we can deduce that something sad _.A must have

10、 occurredB would have occurredC might be occurringD should occur19. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting _ you dont mind taking the night train.A providedB unlessC thoughD until20. Hardly a month goes by without _ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S

11、. citizens.A wordsB a wordC the wordD word21. If you _ Jerry Brown until recently, youd think the photograph on the right was strange.A shouldnt contactB didnt contactC werent to contactD hadnt contacted22. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which _ them the rights and p

12、rivileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A deprivesB restrictsC rejectsD denies23. I must go now. _, if you want that book Ill bring it next time.A IncidentallyB AccidentallyC OccasionallyD Subsequently24. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, _ they can lim

13、it how much water you drink.A much more thanB no more thanC no less thanD any more than25. Though _ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.A raisedB grownC developedD cultivated26. Most electronic devices of this kind, _ manufactured for suc

14、h purposes, are tightly packed.A that areB as areC which isD it is27. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of _ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn.A whatB thatC whichD such28. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious _

15、 without scientific basis.A processB practiceC procedureD program29. We cannot always _ the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water.A hang onB count onC hold onD come on30. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause _ of vegetables in the coming

16、 days.A rarityB scarcityC invalidityD varietySection II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C, and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the answer to each of the questions. Then mark your

17、 answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (30 points)Text 1Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century

18、, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the fi

19、rst year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose

20、brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage ha

21、s passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple

22、words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant i

23、s born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an

24、order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling (咿呀學(xué)語), gra

25、sping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31. The purpose o

26、f Frederick IIs experiment was _.A to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechC to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakD to prove that a child could be damaged without

27、learning a language32. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that _.A they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB they are exposed to too much language at onceC their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD their mothers are not intelligent enough t

28、o help them33. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that _.A he is born with the capacity to speakB he has a brain more complex than an animalsC he can produce his own sentencesD he owes his speech ability to good nursing34. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?A

29、The faculty of speech is inborn in man.B Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.C The childs brain is highly selective.D Most children learn their language in definite stages.35. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _.A have a high IQB be less intell

30、igentC be insensitive to verbal signalsD not necessarily be backward Text 2 In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主義的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated

31、factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and the white-collar workers have become

32、economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and d

33、ie without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insec

34、ure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. F

35、rom that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates con

36、stant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.

37、I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities those of love and of reason are the aims of all social arran

38、gements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.36. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is _.A a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB working

39、 in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly37. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _.A they are likel

40、y to lose their jobsB they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD they are deprived of their individuality and independence38. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those _.A who are at the bo

41、ttom of the societyB who are higher up in their social statusC who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD who could keep far away from this competitive world39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _.A resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB offer high

42、er wages to the workers and employeesC enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD take the fundamental realities for granted40. The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of _.A approvalB dissatisfactionC suspicionD tolerance Text 3 When an invention is made, the

43、 inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it. A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (壟斷)

44、and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates. Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events. The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV rece

45、iver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention. Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain det

46、ails of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any ot

47、her inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of l

48、egal security. Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The ba

49、sic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.41. The passage is mainly a

50、bout _.A an approach to patentsB the application for patentsC the use of patentsD the access to patents42. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.B It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a pa

51、tent before he makes his invention public.C A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.D One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent office.43. George Valensis patent lasted until 1971 because _.A nobody wou

52、ld offer any reward for his patent prior to that timeB his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long timeC there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmesD the colour TV receiver was not available until that time44. The word “plagiarize” (line 8, Para. 5) most probably mean

53、s “_.”A steal and useB give reward toC make publicD take and change45. From the passage we learn that _.A an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practiceB products are actually inventions which were made a long time agoC it is much cheaper to buy an old patent

54、than a new oneD patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead patents Section III Close TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (15 points) Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become i