高考英語二輪復習精品課件：主謂一致與倒裝句(全國通用)

1、 高考英語二輪復習：主謂一致與倒裝句課件 主謂一致 謂語動詞要與主語的人稱和數相一致。通常所說一個句子主謂語一致，主要指三個基本原則：語法形式上一致、意義上一致及就近原則。 一、主謂一致的基本原則 1語法形式上的一致 主語為單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式；主語為復數形式，謂語動詞也用復數形式。 The number of errors in your paper was surprising. 你論文中的錯誤數量之多令人吃驚。 Jane and Mary look a bit like. 簡和瑪麗看起來有點相像。 2意義上一致 (1)主語形式雖為單數，但意義為復數，謂語動詞用復數。 The cr

2、owd were running for their lives. 人們?yōu)樯疃疾ā?形單意復的單詞有：people, police, cattle, militia(國民自衛(wèi)隊)等。 (2)主語形式為復數，而意義上卻是單數，謂語動詞用單數。 The news was very exciting. 消息令人振奮。 形復意單的單詞有：news, works(工廠)和一些以ics結尾的學科名稱如physics, politics, economics等。 3就近原則 就近原則指謂語動詞的單、復數形式取決于最靠近它的主語。 Among the boys, one or two are able t

3、o jump 1.6 meters. 在這些男孩中，有一兩個人能跳過1.6米。 Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand. 要么你，要么簡將被派往新西蘭。 二、主謂一致的各種情形 (一)并列結構作主語 1由and連接的主語 (1)當兩個名詞或代詞由and連接作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數。 Leech and Bella were here a moment ago. 里奇和貝拉剛才還在這兒。 My brother and I have both seen the film. 我兄弟和我都看過這部電影。 Both rice and wheat

4、 are grown in this part of China. 水稻和小麥在中國這個地區(qū)均可種植。 (2)當and不表示并列意義，而連接兩個在意義上表示同一人、物或概念或由兩個部件配成的物品時，謂語動詞用單數。 The singer and composer is coming to our school. 那位歌唱家兼作曲家將來我們學校。 Bread and butter is often served for breakfast in our restaurant. 我們飯店早點經常供應奶油面包。 Pork and Chinese cabbage is one of my favour

5、ite dishes. 豬肉炒大白菜是我最愛吃的菜之一。 (3)兩個并列名詞由each, every, many a, no, more than one等詞或短語修飾時，謂語一般用單數。 Each doctor and each nurse was sent for. 所有的醫(yī)生和護士都被請來了。 Many a boy and (many a) girl has made the same mistake. 許多男孩和女孩都犯了同樣的錯誤。 No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sunday. 教師和同學都不同意星期天上課。

6、2not.but, not only.but also, either.or, neither. nor, or 以上并列連詞連接主語時，謂語動詞的人稱和數應該和接近它的主語一致。 Neither Mary nor her parents were invited to the party. 瑪麗和她的父母都沒有被邀請參加晚會。 Not only his family but also he likes Bonds movies. 他和他的家人都喜歡邦德的電影。 Either your students or Mr. Wallace knows this. 你的學生或華萊士先生知道這事。 (二

7、)集合名詞作主語 1謂語動詞只能用復數的情況 有些集體名詞如people, cattle, police等形式上是單數，但意義上是復數，謂語動詞需用復數。 Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets. 交通警察總是十分忙碌，特別是在繁忙的街道。 2謂語動詞的單復數視主語含義而定的情況 集合名詞group, class, family, army, enemy等作主語時，若強調整體，謂語動詞用單數形式；若強調個體，謂語動詞則用復數形式。 My family is a large one. 我的家是一個大家庭。 T

8、he family are sitting at the breakfast table. (指家庭成員)全家人都坐在早餐桌旁。 Our group are reading the newspapers. (指組內成員)我們組的人都在看報紙。 This group is having a meeting. 這個組正在開會。 The army is going to remain in this town. 軍隊將繼續(xù)駐扎在這個鎮(zhèn)里。 The army have rescued the travelers. (指部隊中的官兵)官兵們救出了那些游客。 (三)不定代詞作主語 1謂語動詞只用單數的情況

9、 不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。 Is anybody going to tell him the news? 會有人去告訴他這個消息嗎？ There is nobody in the house. 這間屋子里沒有人。 Everything is ready. 萬事俱備。/一切準備妥當。 Someone wants to see y

10、ou. 有人要見你。 2謂語動詞單、復數均可的情況 neither of, either of后接復數名詞時謂語動詞用單復數均可，用復數較正式，若替代不可數名詞時，只看作單數。neither作形容詞時與單數名詞連用，謂語動詞用單數。none作主語時，如果指人或可數的物，謂語動詞單復數均可，若指不可數名詞，謂語用單數。 None of them has/have arrived yet. 他們一個人也沒到。 Neither of them knows/know the answer. 他們倆都不知道答案。 None of this money is mine. 這錢不是我的。 Neither s

11、tatement was true. 兩個陳述都不真實。 (四)主語后接說明的修飾語 主語后接說明主語的修飾語，如用with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to與修飾語連接，謂語動詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍保持同主語一致的關系。 The old man, along with his grandson, has to speed up his steps. 和孫子一道走的那位老人不得不加快腳步。 Anna, togeth

12、er with his parents, is going to New York. 安娜將隨她的父母去紐約。 French, as well as English, is taught in our school. 我們學校開英語課也開法語課。 (五)表“時間”、“金錢”、“距離”、“重量”的復數名詞作主語 表“時間”、“金錢”、“距離”、“重量”的復數名詞用作主語時，表示單位數量通?？醋髡w，謂語動詞用單數。 Twenty dollars isnt enough to buy the book. 買這本書20美元不夠。 Ten miles isnt long. 十英里并不長。 Five t

13、imes five is twentyfive. 5乘以5得25。 One and a half apples is lying on the plate. 盤子里有一個半蘋果。 注意 如果強調數量，謂語動詞可用復數。 One hundred cents make a dollar. 100美分就是一美元。 More than fifty years have passed since they got married. 他們夫妻共同走過了50多年。 (六)疑問代詞作主語 疑問代詞who, what, which作主語時，要根據說話人所要表達的意思決定謂語動詞的單、復數。 Who lives

14、next door? It is Edward John. 誰住在隔壁？是約翰愛德華德。 Who live next door? It is Tom and Jack. 誰住在隔壁？湯姆和杰克。 Which is(are) your book(s)? 哪本(些)是你的書？ What produce(s) heat?什么產生熱量？ (七)含有修飾語的名詞作主語 1謂語動詞單復數依所修飾的中心詞而定的情況 “分數或百分數名詞”構成的短語以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, some, a heap of, heaps of,

15、half of名詞”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。 Lots of damage was caused by fire. 大量的危害是由火引起的。 Three fifths of the workers here are women. 在這兒3/5的工人是女性。 A large quantity of people are needed here. 這兒需要大量的人。 典例(湖南卷，26)Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the m

16、ajority of the citizens _ black people. Ais; are Bis; is Care; are Dare; is 解析：A本題考查主謂一致。句意：這個國家的森林覆蓋面積占國土面積的三分之一并且大多數市民都是黑人。“分數詞名詞”作主語時，其謂語動詞的單復數取決于名詞的形式；“the majority of復數名詞”作主語時，其謂語動詞通常用復數形式。 2謂語動詞用復數的情況 (large) quantities of修飾可數或不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數。a number of修飾復數名詞，謂語動詞用復數。large amounts of修

17、飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數。 Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 這座橋花了很多錢。 Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table. 許多食物(堅果)在桌上。 注意 但是，“the number of名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較： The number of the key is 805. 這個鑰匙的號碼是805。 A number of questions were asked in the computer company yesterday. 昨天該計算機

18、公司問了許多問題。 3謂語動詞用單數的情況 a great deal of, a large amount of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數。表示數量的one and a half后接名詞要用復數形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。 A large amount of/A great deal of damage was done in a very short time. 短時間內已產生了大量的危害。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. 在桌子上有一個半香蕉。 (八)the形容詞(過去分詞)作主語 如果主語

19、為“the形容詞(或過去分詞)”結構，表示人時謂語通常用復數：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等，但也有少數過去分詞與定冠詞連用時，用以指個體，這時則用單數；表示物時，謂語用單數。 The young are able to create their own future. 年輕人能夠創(chuàng)造自己的未來。 The new

20、is sure to replace the old. 新事物一定會替代舊事物的。 The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital. 傷員在醫(yī)院里受到精心護理。 The departed was a wellknown engineer. 這名死者是位很知名的工程師。 (九)非謂語動詞、從句作主語 1非謂語動詞作主語 單獨的非謂語動詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數，用連接詞連接多個非謂語動詞作主語表達不同概念時用復數，表達同一概念時用單數。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們似

21、乎很難。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個好習慣。 To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. 工作和生活是兩件不同的事，但它們永遠相伴。 2從句作主語 由what引導的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞通常用單數，但所指的具體內容是復數意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數形式。 What we need is more time. 我們需要的是更多的時間。 What we need are doctors. 我們需要的是

22、醫(yī)生。 (十)There/Here be句型的主謂一致 由there或here引導的句子，主語不止一個詞時，謂語通常與鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。 There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. 桌子上有一盞臺燈、兩支鋼筆和三本書。 Here are some envelopes and paper for you. 這些是給你的信封和紙。 There are fifteen kids and an adult playing in the stadium. 體育館內有十五個孩子和一個大人在玩。 (十一)定語從句的主謂一致 1關系代詞

23、作主語的一般情況 關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。 Those who want to go to Quebec please sign your names here. 想去魁北克的人請到這兒來簽名。 Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 人類使用的一些能源來自太陽。 2句中有one of結構時 (1)在“one of復數名詞who/that/which”引導的從句結構中，關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數名詞而不是on

24、e，因此，從句中的動詞應該是復數形式。 He is one of the boy students who are always ready to help others. 他是樂于助人的男生之一。 (2)但是當one之前有the only等修飾語時，關系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復數名詞，因此從句的動詞應是單數形式。 He is the only one of the students who comes from the south. 他是唯一來自南方的學生。 倒裝句 一、部分倒裝與全部倒裝 要用好倒裝句，必須清楚何時用部分倒裝，何時用全部倒裝。 1下列情況中用全部倒裝： 全部倒

25、裝是將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。常見的結構有： (1)在以副詞here, there, up, down, out, away, in等開頭的句子中。 Here comes the bus. Out rushed Mr. Smith, with a stick in his hand. (2)當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞短語且主語為名詞時。 In front of the classroom stands a tall tree. (3)代詞such放在句首，句子的謂語動詞是be時。 Such were the facts. (4)分詞/形容詞放在句首，句子的謂語動詞是be，主語是名詞時

26、。 Seated on the ground are a group of old people. Present at the meeting were some famous professors. 2下列情況下用部分倒裝： 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分，如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞置于主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需要添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。常見的結構有： (1)“so形容詞/副詞”置于句首時要倒裝。 So moved was he that he couldnt say a word. (2)用在以so, nor, neither開頭的句子，表示前

27、面所述的情況也適用于另一個人或事物。so用于肯定句，表示“也一樣”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同樣也不”。句型是：So(Nor/Neither)be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語。 He didnt see the film yesterday. Neither/Nor did I. (3)在以never, little, hardly, nowhere, not, seldom等否定意義的副詞開頭的句子中，使用部分倒裝。 Little does he care about what others think. Never shall I forget it. 典例(福建卷，29)It

28、s nice.Never before _ such a special drink! Im glad you like it. AI have had BI had Chave I had Dhad I 解析：C。本題考查倒裝與動詞時態(tài)。句意：太好喝了。我以前從未喝到這么特別的飲料！。你能喜歡我很高興。否定詞never置于句首，句子需用部分倒裝，排除A，B兩項，又由時間狀語before可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時，故C項正確。 (4)當only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句放在句首時。 Only by practicing more will you be able to improve yo

29、ur spoken English. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (5)not until.位于句首作狀語時。 Not until I had read your letter did I understand the truth. (6)在否定結構not only.but also., hardly.when., no sooner.than.中，把not only., hardly., no sooner.置于句首時。 Hardly had I got to school when the first bell rang. (7)某些

30、含有no的詞組，如in no way, by no means, at no time, on no condition等位于句首時。 In no way can you leave freely. 你決不能隨便離開。 警示 若主語為人稱代詞，主語和謂語動詞不倒裝。 Here it is. Out he rushed, with a book in his hand. not until.位于句首作狀語時，主句使用部分倒裝，until部分不倒裝。 牢記 如果是肯定前面所說的情況，前后兩句的主語是同一個人或事物時，主謂不倒裝，其句型是：so主語be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞。 He is a good teacher. So he is. We all love him. 如果only后的成分不是狀語，則不倒裝。 Only Lin Tao knows this. Only the teachers are allowed to use the room. 鏈接 in no