非謂語動詞課件

1、Non-Non-finitefiniteVerbsVerbsNon-finite verbsGerundParticiplePresent ParticiplePast ParticipleInfinitive Tense and Voice of Infinitive active voicepassive voice一般式to doto be done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing 完成式 to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He preten

2、ded to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示與謂語的動作同時一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/ /發(fā)生在它之后發(fā)生在它之后.).)( (在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時, ,不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行) )( (完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前) )(4).The boy is said to have been playing the piano since he was three years old.( (完成進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動詞的動作之前一

3、完成進(jìn)行式表示在謂語動詞的動作之前一直進(jìn)行的動作直進(jìn)行的動作) )vExercises:v1. The policemen asked their identities _ (keep) secret. v2.Ben is the only person in his town _ (see) the UFO.v 3.The visitors are requested _ (not, touch) the exhibits.v4. The old temple is said _ (destroy) in a fire one hundred years ago.to be keptto h

4、ave seento have been destroyednot to touchWhat function does the infinitive act in the following sentences?1、The infinitive as subjectTo run is a good habit.(=It is a good habit to run.)2、The infinitive as predicativeOur plan is to build a bridge over the river.3、The infinitive as object I want to b

5、uy a dictionary.4、 The infinitive as attributiveHe has a chance to go abroad. 5、The infinitive as adverbial To finish the work, he had to get up early. 6、The infinitive as object complementI ask her to help him.(1). 主語主語 Subject不定式作主語時不定式作主語時,往往放在句子的后部往往放在句子的后部,用用it作形式主語作形式主語.To get enough sleep at

6、night is important.It_.It is adj. (for/of sb) to do sth.It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at nightThe usage of infinitive1. 你太好了給我一些幫助。It is very kind of you to give me some help. 2.和你一起共進(jìn)晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.I

7、t only took two years to complete the project.3.完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了二年時間。鞏固練習(xí)1(2). 表語表語 PredicativeMy jobisYour task _(努力學(xué)習(xí)努力學(xué)習(xí)).is to study hardto teach you English.1.他的愿望是在不久的將來買一座大房子。His wish is to buy a big house in the near future. 2.我喜歡的是在海中游泳。What I like is to swim in the sea.鞏固練習(xí)2The customs officer de

8、manded to search our luggage.(3) 賓語賓語 Object常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有:fail, hope, refuse, agree, decide, learn, manage, pretend, etc.+ to do1. 不定式作動詞的賓語不定式作動詞的賓語think considerfind 形式賓語形式賓語4.我希望收到你的信。I hope to hear from you .5.我決定不留下來。I decided not to stay.6.學(xué)生們認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲很有趣。Students thought_.7.她覺得沒有

9、必要和他爭論。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 鞏固練習(xí)3The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) Object Complement當(dāng)遇到下列動詞時當(dāng)遇到下列動詞時,不定式省略不定式省略to: allow, help, enable,encourage, permit, persuade, tell, warn, teach等等. 醫(yī)生們向我們保證他們將全力救治

10、地震中的傷者醫(yī)生們向我們保證他們將全力救治地震中的傷者.The doctors promised us to try their best to rescue the injured in the earthquake.sb to do使役動詞：使役動詞：let,make,have感官動詞：感官動詞：see, hear, feel等等I made him do his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling

11、 D. fallen改錯: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work(5). 定語定語 Attributive (如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞則不定式中要有介詞.)He is looking for_.（一間可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要幾本書在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the schoo

12、l?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. study school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topic to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（沒有什么可擔(dān)心的沒有什么可擔(dān)心的）a house to live inv1. 每個人都有選擇自己生活方式的權(quán)利。vEveryone has the right to choose h

13、is own living style.v2. 隨著私家車數(shù)量的增長，人們難找到停車位。vWith the increase of the number of private cars, its difficult for people to find a place to park the car.鞏固練習(xí)4I came here .He got up early to catch the train.(6) 狀語狀語 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the new

14、s.3.表結(jié)果表結(jié)果He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.who, which, when, how, whether who, which, when, how, whether 等連用，在句中起等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。我不知道是否要接受邀請。我不知道是否要接受邀請。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(賓語賓語)How to solve the problem is very important.(主

15、語主語)如何解決這個問題很重要如何解決這個問題很重要。我的問題是什么時候開始。我的問題是什么時候開始。My question is when to start.( (表語表語) )不定式與疑問詞連用不定式與疑問詞連用: (eat, finish, tell) to be finishednot to eat1.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.2.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.3.I meant _ you about it, but I forg

16、ot to do so.to have told 1. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding4. She cant help _

17、 the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 3. While shopping, people cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A.to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he

18、studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. study6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法v*在在the first, the second，the last和和only之后，一般用之后，一般用to do。 如：He was the la

19、st to leave the classroom v*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般表示目的的不定式的否定式一般in order not to do或或so as not to do。 如：In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window He came into the room through the window so as not to be seenv*so as to do一般不放在句首。一般不放在句首。 ()He got up at five this morning so as to catch

20、the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morningGerund一一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二二. Tense and Voice of Gerund active voicepassive voice一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving madebeing madehaving been made三三. The usage of Gerund:In the sentence,gerund can be used as subje

21、ct,object,predicative,attributive.1. 作主語作主語:Subject2. 作賓語作賓語:Object3. 作定語作定語:Attributive4. 作表語作表語:Predicative1.作主語作主語:Subjecte.g. -What made him so unhappy?Quarreling with his wife made him so unhappy.v對著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。vCrying over the spilt milk is no use.vIt is no use crying over the spilt milk.I enj

22、oy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作賓語作賓語:Object Vt. Prep.+doing下列動詞通常用下列動詞通常用ing形式作賓語形式作賓語：vadmit, appreciate, deny, resist, imagine, mind, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, cant help, 等。等。如: 這女孩被告知每天練習(xí)三個小時的鋼琴. The girl was told to practise playing

23、the piano for three hours every day remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 表已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，表已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作，remember/ forget/ regret +to do 表動作還沒有發(fā)生。表動作還沒有發(fā)生。mean doing 意思是意思是；意味著；意味著mean to do 意欲，打算要做意欲，打算要做stop to do 停下來要做停下來要做stop doing 停止正在做的動作停止正在做的動作try doing 試著做試著做try to do sth. 試圖做試圖做3.作表語作表語:PredicativevMy hobby

24、 is collecting stamps.vHis job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is fishing.4.作定語作定語:Attributiveva walking stickvA swimming poolvA sleeping car區(qū)別區(qū)別The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy動名詞修飾名詞表動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)動名詞表示被動意義

25、:v在動詞或詞組need, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的動名詞表示被動意義:vYour composition needs improving.vYour composition needs to be improved.vThe book is worth reading a second time.vThe book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.非謂語動詞的用法區(qū)別v動詞不定式與動名詞動詞不定式與動名詞一般說來，在表示比較一般說來，在表示比較抽象抽象的的經(jīng)常的動作經(jīng)常的動作時多用

26、時多用動名詞動名詞；在表示；在表示具體的特定的動作多用不定式。具體的特定的動作多用不定式。1. Their job is building houses. (抽象、經(jīng)常的動作抽象、經(jīng)常的動作)2. Their work is to build another bridge across the river. (具具體、要做的動作體、要做的動作)注注意意【2】在】在begin, start, cease后，如果表示后，如果表示有意識地開始（停止）做某事，多用動名有意識地開始（停止）做某事，多用動名詞；如果動作自動或突然開始（停止），詞；如果動作自動或突然開始（停止），則多用不定式。則多用不定式。

27、1. He began talking about his plan for summer holiday.2. Suddenly it began to rain.動名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的用途，常常放在所修動名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的用途，常常放在所修飾名詞之前；而動詞不定式作定語常常放在所修飾名飾名詞之前；而動詞不定式作定語常常放在所修飾名詞之后。詞之后。1. His attempt to solve the difficult problem failed again.2. These passages may be used as listening materials.3、作定語

28、時、作定語時Participle present participle(-ing)past participle(-ed) Participle Formsactive voicepasive voice現(xiàn)在分詞一現(xiàn)在分詞一般式般式doingbeing done現(xiàn)在分詞完現(xiàn)在分詞完成式成式having donehaving been done 過去分詞過去分詞 done其否定形式其否定形式 not+分詞短語分詞短語Present participle一般式：一般式： doing (分詞的動作和分詞的動作和謂語動作同時進(jìn)行）謂語動作同時進(jìn)行）e.g. He hurried home, looki

29、ng behind as he went.He hurried home and looked behind.一般式被動語態(tài)：一般式被動語態(tài)： being donee.g. The large building being built in the street will be a hospital.The large building which is being built .該語態(tài)該語態(tài)- 1.表示被動表示被動 2. 表示動作正在進(jìn)行表示動作正在進(jìn)行。完成式：完成式： having done (分詞動作分詞動作先于謂語動作發(fā)生）先于謂語動作發(fā)生）e.g. Having finished

30、their work, they had a rest. After they had finished their work, they had a rest.完成式被動：完成式被動： having been donee.g. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to the library. After we had been shown the lab, we were taken .該語態(tài)該語態(tài)-1. 表示被動，表示被動， 2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的先后關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的先后關(guān)系。 Function of Present Participle:vPre

31、sent participle can be used as attributive, predicative, complement, adverbial. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語v單個現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，放于被修飾單個現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，放于被修飾名詞前名詞前vE.g. a _ boyv a _ boyrunningcryingv現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，放于被修飾名現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，放于被修飾名詞后詞后v the girl _ (站在那邊）站在那邊）v the girl _v( 和我母親談話的）和我母親談話的） standing theretalking to my momNotes現(xiàn)在分詞作

32、定語1. 被修飾名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的被修飾名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系 2. ing 形式短語作定語時，一般都可以轉(zhuǎn)形式短語作定語時，一般都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個進(jìn)行時的化為一個進(jìn)行時的定語從句定語從句。Exercisese.g. The girls dancing in the next room are my classmates.= The girls who are dancing in the next room are my classmates.Exercisese.g. Do you know the person who is speaking to my

33、 teacher there?= Do you know the person speaking to my teacher there? The picture which hangs on the wall was painted by a famous artist. We will take the bus which is waiting by the roadside to go to the Ocean Park. The picture hanging on the wall was painted by a famous artist.Well take the bus wa

34、iting by the roadside to go to the Ocean Park.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語v分詞作表語，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。分詞作表語，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。v注意：注意： 常用于系動詞之后（常用于系動詞之后（be, seem, sound, taste, feel.)vE.g. The story is interesting.v The match is exciting.現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語v作賓語補(bǔ)語作賓語補(bǔ)語v I saw grandma crossing the road.vWhen you leave the classroom, dont lea

35、ve the lamp burning.v作主語補(bǔ)語作主語補(bǔ)語vAfter a careful search, the drugs were found hidden inside a box labeled confidential.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語v分詞作狀語，能夠轉(zhuǎn)換為一個相應(yīng)分詞作狀語，能夠轉(zhuǎn)換為一個相應(yīng)的狀語從句。的狀語從句。v注意：注意： 分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語（即分詞動作的發(fā)出者）一般要與（即分詞動作的發(fā)出者）一般要與句中的主語保持一致。句中的主語保持一致。1.表表時間時間Hearing the cry for help, he rushed o

36、ut.vWhen he heard the cry for help, he rushed out.2. 表原因表原因vBeing a young child, he couldnt understand what had happened to his parents.vAs he was a young child, he couldnt understand what had happened to his parents.3. 表伴隨表伴隨vHe sat in the armchair, watching TV.vHe sat in the armchair and watched T

37、V.4.表?xiàng)l件表?xiàng)l件If going there by plane, we will have to pay twice as much.If we go there by plane, we will have to pay twice as much.5.表讓步表讓步Having failed many times, he did not lose heart.Although he had failed many times, he did not lose heart.6.表結(jié)果表結(jié)果 e.g. His friend died, leaving him a lot of money.

38、His friend died and left him a lot of money.總結(jié)總結(jié)分詞作狀語可以表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件分詞作狀語可以表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，伴隨等狀況，其作用相當(dāng)于一個狀語，讓步，伴隨等狀況，其作用相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。從句。注：分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語與句子的主注：分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語與句子的主語必須保持一致。語必須保持一致。Exercises1._ (see) the professor, the students smiled and said good morning to him.2._( finish) his homework,

39、Li began to watch TV.3._ (poor) in those days, they could not afford to send their children to school.SeeingHaving finishedBeing poorExercises4. _ ( not receive) a reply, Mary decided to send Jack another email.5. The speaker walked out of the hall, _ (wave) and _ (smile) to the audience.Not having

40、receivedwavingsmiling動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別 sleeping baby sleeping car flying bird flying school baby who is sleeping car which is used for sleeping bird which is flying school for training pilots vPast Participlev 過去分詞沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化過去分詞沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化 過去分詞的用法過去分詞的用法過去分詞（短語）作定語過去分詞（短語）作定語 We should pay

41、 attention to our spoken English.單個過去分詞作定語常放在它所修飾的名詞之前, 和它所修飾的名詞存在動賓(被動)關(guān)系。 This is a school built in 1980.過去分詞短語常放在它所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。= This is a school which was built in 1980.習(xí)題：習(xí)題：1) I m very thirsty. Youd better drink some _ water. A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. to be boiled C A. held B. to b

42、e held C. holding D. being holding2)The Olympic Games _ in 776 B.C. lasted for only one day.A析析 過去分詞過去分詞invitedinvited作定語修飾指示代詞作定語修飾指示代詞those,those,意意為為“被邀請的那些人被邀請的那些人”, ,兩者是動賓（被動）關(guān)系兩者是動賓（被動）關(guān)系。those invited = those people who have been invited單個過去分詞作定語需放在所修飾的名詞之前單個過去分詞作定語需放在所修飾的名詞之前, ,但是但是something

43、something、anythinganything、nobodynobody、nothingnothing、 thosethose等代詞的定語需后置。等代詞的定語需后置。3. Please dont forget him. He is one of _. A. those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting thoseA過去分詞（短語）過去分詞（短語）作表語作表語The children were satisfied with his explanation. 現(xiàn)在分詞多表示主語所具有的特征或?qū)傩裕贿^去分詞多表示主語所

44、處的狀態(tài)，如：The news was exciting.She looked excited.v用所給動詞的-ed 或ing形式填空：v1)The result of the exam made me _ (disappoint)v2)This was really an _moment(excite)v3)He seemed quite _at the idea. (delight)v4)The present situation is _(encourage)1. The rooms are _, so you cant move in. A. painted B. painting C

45、. being painted D. to be painted2. As soon as he entered the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. lost D. got lost 3. What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappoint

46、ed; disappointing by CCD( e.g. get hurt get excited get pleased )習(xí)題：習(xí)題：This river is polluted.（過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)）（過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)）This river was polluted by the chemical plant. （過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，表動作）（過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，表動作）過去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：The windows are closed .譯：窗戶是關(guān)著的。The windows were closed by Jack.譯：窗戶

47、是被杰克關(guān)住的過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞；在過去分詞作表語，表狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于一個形容詞；在被動語態(tài)中，過去分詞表動作，常由被動語態(tài)中，過去分詞表動作，常由byby引出動作的引出動作的發(fā)出者。發(fā)出者。過去分詞（短語）過去分詞（短語）作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語 I found the small town changed a lot.(表動作已完成)He wants the letter typed right away.(動賓關(guān)系)We must get our homework finished on time. (動賓關(guān)系)過去分詞（短語）在句子中作賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動作已完成，或和賓

48、語存在動賓關(guān)系。這類句子的謂語動詞通常是表示“感知”（如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find等)、“意愿”（如want, wish, expect, 等) 的動詞，或是使役動詞（如（如make, have, keep 等）。等）。習(xí)題：習(xí)題：1.We saw the thief_ (catch) by the police.caught 譯：我看見那個小偷被警察抓住了。 （過去分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表被動。)2. I saw him _ (get on ) the bus .getting on 譯：我看見他正在上車。 （現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表主動。動

49、作正在進(jìn)行。）3. I will have/get my hair _ (cut) tomorrow. cut 譯：我準(zhǔn)備明天理發(fā)。(過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表被動。)過去分詞（短語）過去分詞（短語）作狀語作狀語過去分詞（短語）作狀語，修飾謂語，常常表示時間、過去分詞（短語）作狀語，修飾謂語，常常表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的狀語從條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的狀語從句。它和主句的主語存在動賓關(guān)系。句。它和主句的主語存在動賓關(guān)系。a.表示時間表示時間Seen from space, the earth looks blue.When it is seen from s

50、pace, the earth looks blue.b.表示條件表示條件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示表示原因原因d、表示伴隨情況表示伴隨情況e e、表示讓步、表示讓步 Deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry. As they were deeply moved by the movie, the girls began to cry.She walked out o