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1、第第32講主謂一致講主謂一致英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】1David has been away for more than 25 days.I miss him very much.You know,25 days _B_ short.(2014,黔南)Ais Bisnt Care Darent2The summer holidays are coming,so the twins as well as Jack _B_ to Hong Kong for vacation.(2014,黃石)Ais going Bare goingCgoes Dgo3A lot of foreigners _C_ f

2、amiliar with the famous places of interest in China.(2013,上海)Aam Bis Care Dbe4How time flies!Well graduate.Three years _C_ really a short time.(2013,遵義)Awas Bare Cis Dbe5There _B_ many trees in front of my house now.(2013,北京)Ais Bare Cwas Dwere【考點(diǎn)梳理】中考對(duì)主謂一致的考查主要包括以下三點(diǎn):1學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ);表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)格、質(zhì)量等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ);th

3、e姓氏名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ);一些以s結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),如news,maths;不定代詞名詞作主語(yǔ),如both of,neither等。2主語(yǔ)后帶有with,except,like,as well as等介詞短語(yǔ)。3就近原則,如there be句型,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等。 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。因此,找出句子的真正主語(yǔ)是關(guān)鍵。同時(shí),要遵循三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近原則。近幾年來(lái),浙江各地市中考對(duì)以上考點(diǎn)考查的頻率很低,同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)只作了解、簡(jiǎn)單掌握即可。高頻考點(diǎn)一語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形

4、式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞,或both.and.連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Tom and Mike are good friends.湯姆和邁克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是學(xué)生。2不定代詞either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形

5、式。如:Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行車(chē)有什么毛病嗎?Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。3由each,each.and each.,every.and every.,every.作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一個(gè)男孩和每一個(gè)女孩都被給了一本新書(shū)。4主語(yǔ)后有with,along with,together with,as well as,no less than,more th

6、an,including,besides,like,except,but等詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如:Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生將和他的妻子及兩個(gè)女兒一塊兒來(lái)北京。5“a number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the number of名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:A number of trees are cut down.許多樹(shù)木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 3

7、2.我們班學(xué)生人數(shù)為32。6“a lot of(lots of,plenty of,a pile of,piles of,most of)名詞”和“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞”等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞,如果是不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Lots of people have been there.很多人去過(guò)那兒。7由“a pair(a kind,a series.)of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;“pairs(kinds.)of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:A pair of sunglasses is ly

8、ing on the table.一副太陽(yáng)鏡放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作15雙鞋。8某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves.)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂詞動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿壞了。9不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:Reading is learning.讀書(shū)就是學(xué)習(xí)?!纠?】 We make it a rule that each of us _ the bedroom one day a

9、week.Ahas cleaned Bhave cleanedCcleans Dclean解析:“each每一個(gè)”強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,故用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù); “one day a week 一周一天”則指頻度,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案:_C_【例2】 _ that pair of _ a little cheaper?(2014,齊齊哈爾)AIs;glass BAre;glassCIs;glasses DAre;glasses解析:a pair of后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。答案:_C_【例3】 The number of books in the bookshop is about 1

10、0,000 and a number of them _ about science.Ais Bwas Care Dwere解析:由前半句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is可推斷出后半句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);短語(yǔ)a number of作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。答案:_C_高頻考點(diǎn)二意義一致原則意義一致又叫概念一致,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念。1由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞,如果是指同一概念(即and后面無(wú)冠詞),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老師兼作家下周要來(lái)給

11、我們作報(bào)告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀請(qǐng)參加了聚會(huì)。2表示金錢(qián)、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞及詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí),一般被看做一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如:Three years is a long time.三年是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。3集體名詞(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government.)如果表示整體概念,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果表示集體中的成員,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:My family is a small one with three

12、 people.我家是一個(gè)有三口人的小家庭。4people,police,cattle等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在幫助一個(gè)女孩找媽媽。5算式中,表示加法和乘法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式,也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但表示減法和除法時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)形式。如:What is/are three times three?3乘以3是多少?【例4】 How much _ the pair of shoes?Twenty dollars _ enough.Ais;is Bis;are Care;is D

13、are;are解析:the pair of shoes的中心詞是pair,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);把twenty dollars看成整體,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。答案:_A_高頻考點(diǎn)三就近原則有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與最靠近它的名詞保持一致,這種原則叫做就近原則,又叫做鄰近原則。1由either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but(also).,not.but.或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與較近的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。如:Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我

14、也盼望看到我叔叔。Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不僅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中國(guó)。He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。2There be.和Here be.這兩個(gè)句式中的be動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。如:There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一個(gè)蘋(píng)果和兩根香蕉。【例5】 There _ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.Ais Bwas

15、 Care Dwere解析:people是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則there be句型中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),排除A和B;下文got為過(guò)去式,故主句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)。答案:_D_【例6】 _ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.ANot only;but also BNeither;norCBoth;and DEither;or解析:根據(jù)主謂一致原則可排除A項(xiàng);由下文“他們中的一個(gè)必須待在家里”,可知“或者露西或者莉莉與你一起去”。答案:_D_【例7】 There _ some flowers on the teac

16、hers desk just now,but now there _ nothing on it.Ahave;has Bwere;hasCwere;is Dhas ;has解析:第一空應(yīng)根據(jù)some flowers來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),just now表明是過(guò)去時(shí);第二空根據(jù)nothing來(lái)判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),now表明一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案:_C_一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1This pair of pants _A_ mine.Yours may _ on the bed.(2014,綏化)Ais;be Bare;be Care;are【解析】this pair of pants作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三

17、人稱(chēng)單數(shù),故用is;may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其后用動(dòng)詞原形。2There _A_ some milk and two eggs on the table.(2014,永州)Ais Bare Chas【解析】分析題干可知,本句為there be句型,排除C項(xiàng);根據(jù)there be句型的“就近原則”可知,milk是不可數(shù)名詞,所以be動(dòng)詞要用is。故選A。3Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes.Another ten days _A_ enough.(2014,廣東)Ais Bwas Care Dwere【解析】數(shù)字、時(shí)間、距離等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

18、用單數(shù)形式。答句中句子的主語(yǔ)為ten days,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,排除C、D兩項(xiàng);聯(lián)系問(wèn)句中的do可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故選A。4Everyone except Tom and John _D_ there when the meeting began.(2013,威海)Aare Bis Cwere Dwas【解析】本句的主語(yǔ)是everyone,復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常被看作單數(shù),故be動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式,排除A、C兩項(xiàng);再由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞began可知,主句描述的是過(guò)去的狀態(tài),故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),再排除B項(xiàng)。故選D。5Maths _A_ my favourite subject,wha

19、t about you?Physics _.I think its very interesting.(2013,廣安)Ais;is Bare;are Care;is【解析】Maths“數(shù)學(xué)”,Physics“物理”等學(xué)科作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)形式,故選A。6In our school library there _A_ a number of books on science,and in these years the number of them _ growing larger and larger.(2013,安順)Aare;is Bis;are Chave;are Dhas;is【解析】“a number of名詞/代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),意為“許多的,大量的”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);“the number of名詞/代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),意為“的數(shù)目”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。所以選擇A。7No one _B_ swimming in such bad weather.Alike Blikes Cliking Dliked【解析】no one意為“沒(méi)有人”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)

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