unit1Great_Scientistswarming up and reading1

1、Unit 1Unit 1Great Great scientistsscientistsScientists:Jane Goodall:A British expert on chimpsYuan Longping:The father of super hybrid riceThere are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? What kind of role do they play in the field of science ? Do

2、these achievements have anything in common? Match the inventions with their inventors below before you answer all these questions. Warming Up:Alexander Bell electricity Thomas Edison the First telephoneWright Brothers the electric LampMadame Curie black holes in UniverseFranklin Theory of GravitySte

3、ven Hawking the First PlaneElbert Einstein RadiumIsaac Newton the Theory of RelativityScientists & Contributions:1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?B. ArchimedesC. Thomas EdisonA. Charles DarwinArchimedes (287-212 BC), an ancient Gre

4、ek mathematician & physicist2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?A. Marie CurieC. Charles DarwinB. Gregor MendelCharles Darwin (1808-1882), British author of The Origin of Species 3.Who invented the first steam engine?A. Thomas NewcomenC. Tho

5、mas EdisonB. ArchimedesThomas Newcomen (1663-1729), British,improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712.James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s(湯瑪斯湯瑪斯紐科門紐科門)4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from paren

6、ts to their children.A. Thomas EdisonC. ArchimedesB. Gregor Mendel(格里戈?duì)柛窭锔隊(duì)柮系聽柮系聽?Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), Czechtek 捷克, developed ideas on heredity (遺傳學(xué)遺傳學(xué)) and inherited (繼承繼承, 承傳承傳) characteristics5. Who discovered radium?A. Marie CurieC. NewtonB. Zhang HengMarie Curie (1867-1934), Polish and Fr

7、ench, won two Nobel Prizes6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?A. Stephen Hawking C. Thomas EdisonB. ArchimedesThomas Edison (1847-1931), American inventorThomas EdisonInventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph 留聲機(jī)留聲機(jī)Light bulbMotion Pictures7.Who was the painter tha

8、t studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?A. Gregor MendelC. Marie CurieB. Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian artistLeonardo da Vincis paintings8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?A. Sir Humphry Davy C. FaradayB. Thomas NewcomenSir Humphry Davy

9、(1778-1829), British,discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮一氧化二氮) as anaesthetic (麻醉劑麻醉劑) In 1815, he developed a safety lamp for miners. (亨弗利亨弗利 戴維戴維) 9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?A. Charles DarwinC. Watt B. Zhang HengZhang Heng (

10、78-139), Chinese, invented the first seismographseismograph地動儀地動儀10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?A. Stephen HawkingC. CopernicusB. ArchimedesStephen Hawking (1942-), British scientist, worked in astronomy and studied black holes in spaceThe quotes below are from some famous scientists.

11、Do you know their meanings?Imagination is more important thanknowledge.“想象力比知識更重要。想象力比知識更重要。”Albert EinsteinGenius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.“天才就是百分之九十九的汗水天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的靈感。加上百分之一的靈感。”Thomas Alva Edison Marie CurieNothing in life is to be feared, it is only

12、 to be understood.“生活中沒有什么可怕的東西生活中沒有什么可怕的東西, 只有只有需要理解的東西。需要理解的東西?！盜t takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.Alfred Whitehead “分析明顯存在的事物需要非凡的分析明顯存在的事物需要非凡的 頭腦。頭腦?！盬hat makes ascientist successful?strong will， imagination， creativity， patience， persistence， carefulness， curiosi

13、tysimilaritiescareful hard-workingstrictpositivetalentedcreativebrightstrong- willed common characteristicscautiouspersuasivestrict(be strict with sb)positiveCo-operativecreativebright(brightness)enthusiasticWhat should scientists do to prove a new idea in scientific research?Pre-readingDraw a concl

14、usion Think of a method Collect results Make up a question Find a problem Analyse the results Repeat if necessarydraw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a questionFind a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidenceStages in proving a new scientific idea:DiscussingPre-reading

15、:Pre-reading:What disease spread around the world in 2003?SARSinfectiousinfectious diseases : They can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause. They need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals. Bird flu, AIDS and SARS are infectio

16、us diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.What do you know about infectious diseases?What other infectious diseases do you know?For example: When you eat some seafoodYou feelMaybe you have got _.CholeraCholera: It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it cause

17、d a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat. It begins in the stomach and a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. And the victims died very quickly from a loss of liquid after severe vomiting(嘔吐嘔吐) and diarrhoea (腹瀉腹瀉).John SnowJohn Snow is a well-know

18、n doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”.John Snow defeats “King cholera”Do you know what did this map was used for in 1854?Finding out the cause of Cholera.expert attend physician exposecure challenge adj. 熟練的熟練的; 經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的n. 專家專家; 行家行家vt. 照顧照顧; 出席出席; 參加參加n. 醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師醫(yī)生；

19、內(nèi)科醫(yī)師vt. 暴露暴露; 揭露揭露; 使曝光使曝光n. 治愈；痊愈治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治療治愈；治療n. 挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)vt. 向向挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)Words previewvictimabsorbsuspectenquiry neighbourhood severe pump n. 受害者受害者vt. 吸收吸收; 吸引吸引; 使專心使專心vt. 懷疑懷疑n. 被懷疑者被懷疑者; 嫌疑犯嫌疑犯n. 詢問詢問n. 附近附近; 鄰近鄰近adj. 嚴(yán)重的嚴(yán)重的; 嚴(yán)厲的嚴(yán)厲的n. 泵泵; 抽水機(jī)抽水機(jī)vt. (用泵用泵) 抽抽 (水水)Words previewforesee blamepollute ha

20、ndlelinkannounce instructvt. 預(yù)見預(yù)見; 預(yù)知預(yù)知vt. 責(zé)備責(zé)備; 譴責(zé)譴責(zé)n. 過失過失; 責(zé)備責(zé)備vt. 污染污染; 弄臟弄臟 n. 柄柄; 把手把手vt. 處理處理; 操縱操縱vt. & n. 連接；聯(lián)系連接；聯(lián)系vt. 宣布宣布; 通告通告vt.命令命令; 指示指示; 教導(dǎo)教導(dǎo)Words previewexpose to link to 使顯露使顯露; 暴露暴露將將和和聯(lián)聯(lián)系或系或 連接起來連接起來Expressions previewJOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”ReadingSkimming to get ge

21、neral ideasReading Tips在閱讀每個(gè)段落時(shí)，要注意在閱讀每個(gè)段落時(shí)，要注意綜合運(yùn)用綜合運(yùn)用略讀略讀(skimming)與與掃讀掃讀(scanning)這兩種方法。這兩種方法。 略讀略讀(skimming)只看文章標(biāo)題、下標(biāo)只看文章標(biāo)題、下標(biāo)題以及每個(gè)部分或者段落第一行題以及每個(gè)部分或者段落第一行, 關(guān)注文關(guān)注文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。 略讀時(shí)略讀時(shí), 要用充足的時(shí)間讀懂段落的要用充足的時(shí)間讀懂段落的第一句和第二句第一句和第二句, 因?yàn)榈谝痪渫窃摱我驗(yàn)榈谝痪渫窃摱蔚闹黝}句的主題句(topic sentence), 而第二句往往而第二句往往是對前句的

22、延伸是對前句的延伸(extension)或進(jìn)一步的或進(jìn)一步的解釋解釋(explanation)。通過略讀把握文章大意通過略讀把握文章大意 運(yùn)用掃讀運(yùn)用掃讀(scanning)迅速瀏覽從第三迅速瀏覽從第三句開始句開始的后面部分的后面部分, 搜尋作者對開頭兩句搜尋作者對開頭兩句的支持句的支持句(supporting sentences), 并同時(shí)注并同時(shí)注意文章中間是否有轉(zhuǎn)折意文章中間是否有轉(zhuǎn)折(transition), 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)檫@些詞常常會把文章的思路逆轉(zhuǎn)或加入其這些詞常常會把文章的思路逆轉(zhuǎn)或加入其它重要的信息。它重要的信息。當(dāng)讀到段落的最后一句時(shí)當(dāng)讀到段落的最后一句時(shí),我們又要使用略讀我們又要

23、使用略讀, 這時(shí)必須再次放慢速這時(shí)必須再次放慢速度度(slow down your pace)直到完全消化作直到完全消化作者對段落的小結(jié)者對段落的小結(jié)(conclusion), 因?yàn)樵撔〗Y(jié)因?yàn)樵撔〗Y(jié)有可能與主題句截然相反或引導(dǎo)讀者進(jìn)入有可能與主題句截然相反或引導(dǎo)讀者進(jìn)入下一個(gè)段落。下一個(gè)段落。通過掃讀尋找特定信息或特定詞組通過掃讀尋找特定信息或特定詞組SkimmingReading Comprehension Whats the main idea of the passage?A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B. The caus

24、e of Cholera was polluted water.C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.D. How John Snow collected, analysed data and found the cause of the disease and defeated the disease.Task 1:Skim and ScanScanningReading Comprehension1. Why couldnt the cholera be controlled at first? A. Its spee

25、d of spreading was so fast. B. Its cause wasnt understood C. Its cure wasnt understood. D. Both B. & C.2. How many people died in 10 days? A. Less than 500. B. More than 500. C. More than 450. D. Less than 450.1.Who defeats “King Cholera“? 2.How many theories did John Snow got interested in?3.Wh

26、at happened in 1854?4.Why was there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?John SnowAnother Cholera outbreak hit London.These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.twoTask 1:Skim and ScanSteps:What/How?1.Find a problem2.Make up a quest

27、ion3.Think of a method4.collect results5.Analyse results6.Repeat if necessary7.Make a conclusionSteps:What/How?1.Find a problem2.Make up a question3.Think of a method4.collect resultsWhat causes cholera?Which theory is correct?Collect information on those who were ill or died and where they got thei

28、r waterMark information on a map to find out where people died or did not died6.Repeat if necessary7.Make a conclusion5.Analyse resultsAnalyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illnessFind other evidence to make sure the conclusionThe water is to blame. The source of all drinking water sh

29、ould be examined. First we should find the problem. Then, think of a method. We should collect as much information as possible. Analyzing results is the most important stage. Before we make a conclusion, it is necessary for us to find supporting evidence.SummarySummaryCareful reading to solve diffic

30、ult pointsRead the passage again and finish Ex. 1(Page 3). (in 8 minutes)Task 2: Read and answer1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looki

31、ng into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. Both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow bel

32、ieve in?Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. s

33、eparating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine. Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Instructed the water companie

34、s not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.Mind Map of the textJohn Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera Paragraph 2: Two theory Find a Problem: What cause the cholera?Make a question: Which is right?Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854 Para

35、graph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854 Think of a method: Test two theoryCollect the result: Mark the deathAnalyse the result: Reason for death and no deathParagraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854 Paragraph 5: Study of the breakout in 1854 Analyse the result: Find the resource of the water Repeat

36、if necessary: Find more evidence.Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ Polluted water carried choleraParagraph 6: Prevention of Cholera John Snow defeat King Cholera Task Fill in the chart after reading the passage.Scientific report by John SnowThe problemThe causeIdea 1:Idea 2:The methodThe

37、 resultsIdea 1or 2? Why?The conclusionScientific Reportby John SnowThe problemThe causeIdea 1:Idea 2:The methodNobody knew the cause of the serious disease of choleraa strange cloud of gas found its victimspeople absorbed the disease with mealsCollect information from the cholera outbreak to prove w

38、hich theory was correctThe resultsIdea 1 or 2? Why?The conclusionHe found the cause of cholera was the polluted waterIdea 2. Because the information showed that the dirty water carried choleraHe defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water Retell the passage acc

39、ording to below:John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water fr

40、om the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _

41、 century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing (in 5 minutes) Eat only food thats been thoroughly cooked and is