高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件

1、 主講主講: : 雷小娟雷小娟 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞? 在句子中充當(dāng)在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的除謂語(yǔ)以外的 句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非叫做非 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三種形式三種形式: :1)1)不定式，不定式，2)2)動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞，3)3)分詞分詞( (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞和分詞和過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞) )。不定式不定式-形式形式(The Infinitive)(The Infinitive)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)態(tài) 主動(dòng)主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)被動(dòng) 一般式一般式 to do to be done 進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成式完成式 to have done to hav

2、e been done 完成進(jìn)完成進(jìn)行式行式to have been doing/不定式不定式動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可作動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可作 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)( (Subject),),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)( (Object), ), 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)( (Attribute),),表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) ( (Predicative)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)( (Adverbial) )等。等。 Its a good habit to get up early . We plan to go to the seaside for our holiday . She is looking for a room to live in . My job is

3、to help the patient . To sleep late in the afternoon , Bob turned off the alarm .動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)被動(dòng) 一般式一般式 doing being done 完成式完成式 having done having been done 3)過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞只有只有done 一種形式一種形式.動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞:在句中起在句中起名詞名詞作用，作用，可作可作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)和和定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)1)_ (收集信息收集信息）is very important to businessmen.

4、2)My favourite sport is _ (踢足球踢足球）3)He finished _ (看完這本書看完這本書)yesterday.4)He has a _ room. (書房書房）Collecting informationreading the bookreadingplaying football定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ); ;表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ); ;狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ); ;賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1)Do you know the girl baking bread.2)The sleeping beauty was so charming.3) Moved by his words, I accepted hi

5、s present. 4) When I heard my name called , I stood up . 分詞分詞:現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞(v.ing) 過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞(done) 在句中作何成分在句中作何成分? 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式否定式?1)not+to do(不定式不定式)2)not+doing(動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在分詞在分詞) eg. Our teachers often tell us_to lie.not eg. _having been informed, he didnt know the notice.Not非謂語(yǔ)作非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的的 重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)與與難點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

6、狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可作動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可作 目的目的, ,原因原因, ,結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)。 1.To pass the exam , Bob studied hard. (In order to (表表目的目的)2.Nice to meet you again. (表表原因原因) )3.He worked hard only to fail .(表表結(jié)果結(jié)果) )動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞:在句中作在句中作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)和和定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 而而不能作不能作狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)分詞分詞:現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞(v.ing) 過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞(done) 想一想想一想: 在句中可作在句中可作哪些狀語(yǔ)哪些狀語(yǔ)? ? Un

7、derline the nonfinite verbs(找非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞找非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞):1.a)Having done their homework, the students left the classroom.1.b)Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. (=After they had done) (=When he was asked.) (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 3.a)Being ill, he didnt go to school.3.b)Born in the village, he knows a lot of people t

8、here.(=As he was ill, )(=As/Because he was born ) (原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)) 2.a)Working hard, you will do well in your exams.2.b)Given more time, I can do better. (=If you work hard, )(=If I am given) (條件狀語(yǔ)條件狀語(yǔ))4.a)Though weighing almost fifty kilograms, the box was lifted by him with one hand. 4.b)Although tired,

9、 they continued to work.(= Though it weighs)(=Although they were tired, ) (讓步狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ))5.His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan (=, so that he became an orphan, .) (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))6.a)They went into the room, Laughing and talking. 6.b)The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students (方式或伴隨方式或伴

10、隨)(=, laughed and talked.)(=and was surrounded)總結(jié)總結(jié):分詞分詞( (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在, ,過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞) )在句在句中作狀語(yǔ)中作狀語(yǔ), ,可表可表時(shí)間時(shí)間、 原因原因、條件條件、讓步讓步、 伴隨伴隨或或方式方式等含義等含義, ,現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞還可作分詞還可作結(jié)果結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從狀語(yǔ)從句句所表達(dá)的意思所表達(dá)的意思. .總結(jié)總結(jié)非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的高考熱門例析高考熱門例析例析例析Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. See

11、n Seen from the top of the mountain, we can view the beauty of the whole city. Seeing 規(guī)律規(guī)律( (一一): ):分詞分詞: :現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞/ /過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞表示分詞表示主動(dòng)主動(dòng)和和進(jìn)行進(jìn)行； 過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞表示分詞表示被動(dòng)被動(dòng)和和完成完成。分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), ,無(wú)論主無(wú)論主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式, ,分詞動(dòng)分詞動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句的作的邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該保持一致主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該保持一致當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與 句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),還可用

12、還可用哪種結(jié)構(gòu)哪種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)來(lái)表達(dá)? Seeing from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. We seeing當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與 句句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)子的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),還還可用可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)來(lái)表達(dá)?1.The manager,_it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. A.who has made B. made C.having made D. making 2._many tim

13、es, he did it well. A.Being told B.Having told C.Having been told D.To be toldCC規(guī)律規(guī)律( (二二): ):當(dāng)當(dāng)v-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要考慮要考慮時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與與語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)若它若它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前之前，需用，需用having done, 如果表被動(dòng)則用如果表被動(dòng)則用 having been done3. He rushed to the train station, only _ the train had gone. A. finding B. found C.

14、finds D. to find4.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998) A. making B. makes C. made D. to makeDA規(guī)律規(guī)律( (三三):):不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞都可作不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞都可作 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)區(qū)別區(qū)別: :不定式表不定式表“出乎意料出乎意料, ,意料意料之外之外”現(xiàn)在分詞表現(xiàn)在分詞表“順其自然順其自然, ,意意料之中料之中, ,方式或伴隨方式或伴隨, ,還可還可表原因表原因( (前因后果前因

15、后果) )”等等, , 非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的 習(xí)慣用法習(xí)慣用法與與特殊用法特殊用法1._from his look,she must have just been separated from her Mr. Right. A. Judged B. Judging C. To judge D. Being judgedB解析此題考察此題考察v.ing 作插入作插入語(yǔ)語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法的習(xí)慣用法, ,故選故選B2._you the truth, I dont agree with what you said just now. A. TellB. To tell C. TellingD. To

16、ldB解析此題考察此題考察不定式不定式作插作插入語(yǔ)入語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法的習(xí)慣用法, , 故選故選 B 必背必背:Judging from由由判斷判斷副詞副詞(adv.)+speaking 的來(lái)說(shuō)的來(lái)說(shuō)generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)一般說(shuō)來(lái),總的來(lái)說(shuō)總的來(lái)說(shuō),personally speaking就個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)就個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō), 就自己而言就自己而言strictly speaking嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)believe it or not 信不信由你信不信由你必背必背: to be honest 老實(shí)說(shuō)老實(shí)說(shuō)to tell you the truth說(shuō)老實(shí)話說(shuō)老實(shí)話 to be frank 坦率地說(shuō)坦

17、率地說(shuō)to say nothing of 姑且不說(shuō)姑且不說(shuō)to be sure 誠(chéng)然，固然誠(chéng)然，固然 to be exact 精確地說(shuō)精確地說(shuō)so to speak 可以這么說(shuō)可以這么說(shuō)to be brief 簡(jiǎn)言之簡(jiǎn)言之to conclude 總而言之總而言之to do him justice 說(shuō)句對(duì)他公道的話說(shuō)句對(duì)他公道的話 to make a long story short 長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō) to begin with 首先首先 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的 高考熱門考點(diǎn)高考熱門考點(diǎn)小結(jié)小結(jié)小結(jié)小結(jié): :1.1.分詞與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系分詞與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系 ( (分詞動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句分

18、詞動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句 的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該保持一致保持一致: : 表示表示主動(dòng)主動(dòng)和和進(jìn)行進(jìn)行用用現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞; 表示表示被動(dòng)被動(dòng)和和完成完成用用過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞)2.2.要考慮要考慮時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與與語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)3.3.要記一些要記一些習(xí)慣用法習(xí)慣用法非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)1.His parents died, _ him an orphan. A. Left B. leaving C. leave D. to leave2.He rushed to the post office only_ it was closed. A. finding B.find C. fou

19、nd D. to findBD3.When _ help, one often says, “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”(福建卷福建卷33題）題） A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered4.He called the police for help, _ that the problem was more than he could deal with. A. realize B. to realize C. realized D. realizing DD5._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter. A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received6.While watching television, _. （全國(guó)卷（全國(guó)卷18題）題） the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings7._it or not, y