英語復合句翻譯方法PPT課件

1、 I gave my youth to the sea and I gave my wife my old age.原譯：我把青春獻給了海洋，我回家的時候便把老年給了我的妻子。改譯：我把青春獻給了海洋，等我回家見到妻子時，已是白發(fā)蒼蒼。常見的翻譯方法是調(diào)整原文語序和原文長度。若一味地忠實于原文，那么譯文輕則出現(xiàn)“翻譯腔”，生硬難解；重則文理不通，結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，表達錯誤。第1頁/共16頁 She went back to take care of her husband who was seriously ill.她回去照顧她的丈夫，他嚴重地病了。她回去照料病重的丈夫。譯者不應為翻譯而翻譯。一切翻譯

2、應把準確表達意思放在首位，能簡則簡，能直譯則直譯；其次，靈活多變地運用各種翻譯技巧，幫助再現(xiàn)原文的內(nèi)容和風貌。第2頁/共16頁合譯法是把主句和定語從句合譯成一個單句的譯法，主要以限制性的定語從句為主。具體做法可以譯成定語（“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)）、謂語、兼語式的一部分或帶有“這”字的單句。 （一）定語從句的翻譯-合譯法、分譯法、轉(zhuǎn)譯法 1. 譯成定語（“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)）.A man who doesnt try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much.一個不向別人學習的人是不能指望有多少成就的。院長在報告中強調(diào)的幾點的確很重要。1.合譯法。The f

3、ew points which the president stressed in his report are very important indeed.第3頁/共16頁 There are many students in this class who come from big cities.這個班的許多學生來自大城市。There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.有些化學燃料是潔凈無煙的。There have been good results in the experiments thathave given

4、him great encouragement. 實驗中的良好結(jié)果給了他莫大的鼓舞。 2.譯成謂語的一部分。第4頁/共16頁 I need someone who can instruct me in my English study.我需要一個人來指導我學英語。When I passed by, I saw a man who was writing something in the room.我從這里路過時，看到一個人在屋子里寫字。I have three letters which I must write this afternoon. 我有三封信必須今天下午寫出來。 3.譯成兼語式的

5、一部分。第5頁/共16頁 He took a bottle of wine out of his pocket, which he began to drink slowly.他從衣兜里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝起來。Well send the boy to Britain, where he will receive better education.我們要把這孩子送到英國接受更好的教育。The serviceman will send the washing machine to the repair shop, where it will be checked and repaired. 維修工

6、將把這臺洗衣機送到維修部檢修。 4.譯成連動式的一部分。英文中主從句的動詞不一樣時，可以不譯關(guān)系代詞，直接把這兩個動詞連起來翻譯，顯得句子前后意思更連貫。第6頁/共16頁 He admired Mrs. Brown, which suprises me.他佩服布朗太太，這使我感到驚奇。They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us.他們對我們的要求置之不理，這使我們大家都很氣憤。She was very patient towards the children, which herhusband seldom was

7、. 她對孩子們很耐心，她丈夫卻很少這樣。 5.譯成帶有“這”字的單句 有些定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞并不是指主句中的一個詞，而是指整個主句，一般將其譯成“這”或“這一點”。主句的譯文本身不是一個分句，而是“這”的同位語。第7頁/共16頁1.譯出關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞 He has been to Paris, which he thinks is the most beautiful city in the world.他去過巴黎，他認為巴黎是世界上最美的城市。The note was left by Mr. Wang, who was here a moment ago.We will put off

8、 the outing until next week, when we wont be so busy.1.分譯法。這張條子是王先生留的，他剛才來過。我們把郊游推遲到下星期，那時我們就不會這么忙了。They will fly to Kunming, where they plan to stay for two or three days, and then go to Guilin.他們將乘飛機到昆明，在那兒停留兩三天，然后去桂林。第8頁/共16頁一般來說，狀語從句的位置剛好符合漢語的敘事順序，在這種情況下，就可以直接原文順序翻譯。 （二）狀語從句的翻譯 -順譯法、換序法、合譯法、轉(zhuǎn)譯法

9、Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武漢位于長江和漢水匯合處。（地點狀語從句）我妻子的母親想讓他在赴英國前就完婚，但他堅持不肯，因為他不想讓她年紀輕輕就成為寡婦。（原因狀語從句）1.順譯法。My wifes mother wanted to marry him before he left for England, but he refused, because he didnt wanther to be so young a widow.第9頁/共16頁 We sent the letter by air mail in

10、order that it might reach them in good time.這信封我們航空去以便他們能及時收到。（目的狀語從句）Though he was not personally involved, the war and its misery affected him deeply.雖然他們沒有直接受害，但這場戰(zhàn)爭及其造成的苦難卻對他產(chǎn)生了很深的影響。（讓步狀語從句）As long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的辦法。（條件狀語從句）

11、 A balloon floats in the air as a boat floats on water.輕氣球浮在空氣中，猶如船浮在水上。（方式狀語從句）第10頁/共16頁英語句子的構(gòu)成主要靠關(guān)聯(lián)詞，不在意時間順序和邏輯順序，漢語則與之相反。所以，英譯漢時，常常需要調(diào)整主句和狀語從句的語序，以符合漢語的行文習慣。 Ill let you know as soon as it is arranged.一安排好我就通知你。（時間狀語從句提前）1934年，羅斯福訪問哥倫比亞，成了美國歷史上第一個訪問南美的總統(tǒng)。（時間狀語從句提前）2.換序法。F.D.R. became the first pr

12、esident to visit SouthAmerica when he went to Columbia in 1934.第11頁/共16頁 The 25-year teaching veteran says he was denied a promotion and pay rise last year because he hadntpublished a sufficient number of research papers.這位有25年教齡的老教師說，由于他未能發(fā)表足夠數(shù)量的科研論文，去年沒有給他升職加薪。（原因狀語從句提前）If a balloon could be made

13、large enough, he speculated, then maybe a nonstop flight could bemade to Europe.他推測，如果能制造一個很大的氣球，也許能夠中途不停地飛到歐洲。（如果是作為結(jié)果的前提，翻譯時要把條件狀語放在前面） 第12頁/共16頁 No matter how she juggles the figures, she and her husband were wage earners and their savings were alleaten up by the increased prices of everything. 我

14、估計，盡管場合各有不同，我們中間不止有一兩個人曾經(jīng)遇到過這樣的窘境：想要臨時編造一個假地址，可是腦子卻突然不管用了。（讓步狀語從句提前） I suspect more than a few men have encountered the same dilemma, although different circumstances. Trying to make up an address on the spot, the mind suddenly blanks.她和丈夫都屬于工薪階層，所以無論她怎樣精打細算，他們的一點儲蓄還是被飛漲的物價給蝕空了。（讓步狀語從句后置）第13頁/共16頁所謂

15、分譯，就是把狀語從句拆分出來，使其單獨成句，意思上更清楚。 人們往往會對自己說，我過去感情多么豐富，思想多么敏銳，現(xiàn)在不行了。（比較狀語從句）3.分譯法。It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and ones mind morekeen.Because the young man frequently came to the ladyshouse, he was regarded as the mistresss lover.這個小伙子經(jīng)常來到太太的家。因此，

16、別人都以為他是這女主人的情人。（原因狀語從句）狀語從句內(nèi)容可單獨成句，然后用“因此”來表示句中的因果關(guān)系，不失為地道的漢語。第14頁/共16頁 在埃及的那三年，福斯特對這個國家相當感興趣，寫了一本在亞歷山大旅行的指南，一本為勞工編寫的小冊子，以及30篇以埃及為主題不同性質(zhì)的文章。但他卻絲毫未曾忘記印度。在某種程度上，他在這兩國的經(jīng)歷的確互相影響并加深感受。（讓步狀語從句） Although during his three years in Egypt Frosterbecame sufficiently interested in the country to write a guidebook to