英語修辭簡介PPT課件

1、 1.喻類修辭1. Simile2. Metaphor3. Personification4. Transferred epithet第2頁/共58頁第1頁/共58頁 1. Simile(明喻) Definition:A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to antother, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image.(In dealing with simile, an additional point should be noted: the two things com

2、pared are in different kinds and are said to be similar in one respect only, and not in all ways.)第3頁/共58頁第2頁/共58頁 1) like和as型eg: 1.The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.2.Use a book as a bee does flowers.第4頁/共58頁第3頁/共58頁 2) 虛擬句型Eg:1. He was a beautiful horse that looked a

3、s though he had come out of a painting by Velasquez. (Earnest Hemingway: For Whom the Bell Tolls)2. -and the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight-backed chair. It was as if a sack of grain was supported by a matchbox.第5頁/共58頁第4頁/共58頁 3)than 型 Eg: 1. A fool can no more see h

4、is own fooly than he can see his ears. 2. Man cannot help craving for expression any more than birds can help singing.第6頁/共58頁第5頁/共58頁 4) and型 Eg: 1. A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled. 2. Truth and roses have thorns about them.第7頁/共58頁第6頁/共58頁 5) 動(dòng)詞型 Eg: 1. He compares his genius to a lig

5、htening flash. 2. He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye. 3. Samuel Johnson regarded a dictionary as a watch.第8頁/共58頁第7頁/共58頁 2. Metaphor（暗喻） Definition: A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used one thing is applied to anthe

6、r.第9頁/共58頁第8頁/共58頁 1)Nominal metaphorEg:1. Time is money.2. The news is a dagger to his heart.第10頁/共58頁第9頁/共58頁 2)Verbal metaphor Eg: 1.The electricity failure paralyzed the train service. 2. Her hostility melted.第11頁/共58頁第10頁/共58頁 3)Adjectival metaphor Eg: 1.There is no rosy prospect for him. 2. He

7、 has the microwave smile that warms another person without heat.第12頁/共58頁第11頁/共58頁4)Idiomatic or proverbial metaphor Eg: It is only a castle in the air.第13頁/共58頁第12頁/共58頁 5) Condensed metaphor Eg: 1.a rain of kisses / a sea of flowers 2. I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!第14頁/共58頁第13頁/共58頁 6)D

8、ead metaphor Eg: 1. a “bottle neck” 2. When they reached the foot of the mountain, they found a running brook.第15頁/共58頁第14頁/共58頁 3. Personification(擬人)Definition: a figure of speech that attributes human qualities to animals, or gives life or personality to inanimate objects or abstract ideas.第16頁/共

9、58頁第15頁/共58頁 Personification 1. Inanimate objects or abstractions are described as human Eg: Australia is so kind, just tickle her with a hoe, and she laughs with a harvest.第17頁/共58頁第16頁/共58頁 Personification 2. Inanimate objects or abstractions are addressed directly as human beings. Eg: Oh, Mr. Moo

10、n, where do you go? To look at the lands of ice and snow. Oh, Mr. Moon, when do you sleep? All day, till stars begin to peep.第18頁/共58頁第17頁/共58頁 definition:a figure of speech in which the epithet is transferred from the appropriate noun to modify another to which it does not really blong.4. Transferr

11、ed epithet（移就） 第19頁/共58頁第18頁/共58頁 transferred epithet 的兩種格式：1)修飾語+名詞 eg: tragic wall; sleepless night She has expensive tastes in clothes.2)名詞+of+名詞 eg:The Grape of Wrath; 第20頁/共58頁第19頁/共58頁 2.代類修辭1.Metonomy2. Synecdoche3. Antonomasia4. Hyperbole5. Allusion第21頁/共58頁第20頁/共58頁 1.Metonomy（轉(zhuǎn)喻） Definitio

12、n: a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of that of another associated with or suggested by it第22頁/共58頁第21頁/共58頁 Metonymy Eg: the White House the crown 1.He succeeded by the sweat of brow. 2.He is too fond of the bottle. 3.The pen is mightier than sword. 4.Have you read

13、Shakespeare? 5.The kettle is boiling.第23頁/共58頁第22頁/共58頁 2. Synecdoche（提喻） Definition: a figure of speech by which a part is for the whole, the whole for the part, species for genus, the genus for the species or the name of the material for the thing made, and the individual for a class.第24頁/共58頁第23頁

14、/共58頁 Synecdoche:1.a part for the whole eg: 1)They were short of hands at harvest time. 2)I will count three hundred-thats five minutes- and not one of you is to move a muscle.第25頁/共58頁第24頁/共58頁 Synecdoche:2.the whole for the part eg: 1)England won the football game. 2)Then the surgeon cut me open a

15、nd take out the appendix and stitched me up again.第26頁/共58頁第25頁/共58頁 Synecdoche:3.species for genus eg: 1)He manages to earn his bread. 2)Oh, the spring should vanish with the rose! That Youths sweet-scented manuscript should close! (Edward Fitzgerald)第27頁/共58頁第26頁/共58頁 Synecdoche:4.genus for specie

16、s eg: 1)The smiling season is coming. 2) Oh, seeing him, the miserable creature fell upon his shoulder, sobbing and crying, and pointing to the fountain, where some women were stooping over the motionless bundle and moving gently about it. (Charles Dickens: A Tales of Two Cities)第28頁/共58頁第27頁/共58頁 S

17、ynecdoche:5.the name of material for the thing made eg: 1) Do you have any coppers? 2) The prisoner was bound in irons for ten years.第29頁/共58頁第28頁/共58頁 Synecdoche:6. the individual for a class eg: 1)This young man is very clever; he may be another Edison. 2)A Whale ship was my Yale College and my Ha

18、rvard. (H. Melvill: Moby Dick)第30頁/共58頁第29頁/共58頁 3. Antonomasia（換喻） Definition: antonomasia is a substitution of any epithet or phrase for a proper name.第31頁/共58頁第30頁/共58頁 Antonomasia Eg: the Philosopher: Aristotle the little corporal: Napoleon the author of Paradise Lost: Milton the Scottish play:

19、Macbeth第32頁/共58頁第31頁/共58頁 4. Hyperbole（夸張） Definition:Hyperbole is the deliberate use of overstatement. It is the name given to a gross exaggeration of the facts.第33頁/共58頁第32頁/共58頁 Hyperbole Eg: Her face fell a mile. Your joke really kills me. His teeth are so yellow, every time he smiles in traffic

20、 all the cars slow down to see whether they should stop or not.第34頁/共58頁第33頁/共58頁 5. Allusion 典故 1.寓言、神話、傳說、宗教故事（尤其圣經(jīng)故事） Eg: 1) Unaware of the sword of Democles hanging over her, she pursued her own way. 2) What will it be when the increase of yearly production is brought to a complete stop? Here is

21、 the vulnerable place, the heel of Archiles, for capitalistic production.第35頁/共58頁第34頁/共58頁 Allusion 2.文學(xué)作品 Eg: 1)You want your pound of flesh, dont you? 2)Even before they were acquainted, he had admired him in secret. Now he was his valet, his dog, his man Friday.第36頁/共58頁第35頁/共58頁 Allusion 3.歷史事件

22、和歷史人物 Eg: 1)I never believe until then that any meal could defeat me, but on that day I met my Waterloo. 2)Prime Minister Inira Gandhi decided to go heavy-handed from the outset- This crisis would never grow into an Indian Watergate.第37頁/共58頁第36頁/共58頁 3.并列對(duì)照類修辭1. Parallelism2. Antithesis3.Paradox4.O

23、xymoron第38頁/共58頁第37頁/共58頁 1. Parallelism（排比） 1) 詞的平行結(jié)構(gòu) Eg: 1. Bob is a hard hitter, a sure fielder and swift runner. 2. Women were running out to the line of march, crying and laughing and kissing the men good-bye.第39頁/共58頁第38頁/共58頁 Parallelism 2)短語的平行結(jié)構(gòu) Eg: 1.It was not anger, nor surprise, nor dis

24、approval, nor any of the emotions that she had been prepared for. 2. It is not wealth one asks for, but just enough to preserve ones dignity, to work unhampered, to be generous, frank, and independent.第40頁/共58頁第39頁/共58頁 Parallelism 3. 從句平行結(jié)構(gòu) Eg: The notice which you have been pleased to take of my l

25、abor, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it.第41頁/共58頁第40頁/共58頁 Parallelism 3. 句子平行結(jié)構(gòu) Eg: Kind hearts are the gardens; kind thoughts are the roots; kind words

26、are the flowers; kind deeds are the fruits.第42頁/共58頁第41頁/共58頁 2. Antithesis（對(duì)照）features: contrasting ideas and parallel arrangements of words, clauses and sentences第43頁/共58頁第42頁/共58頁 AntithesisEg: 1.One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean o

27、f material prosperity. 2.Knowledge makes humble, and ignorance makes proud.第44頁/共58頁第43頁/共58頁 Antithesis3. And so, my fellow American, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. 4.A miser grows rich by seeming poor. An extravagant man grows poor by seeming rich.第

28、45頁/共58頁第44頁/共58頁 3.Paradox（矛盾） Definition: a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictionary, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study, may prove to be true, well-found, and even to cont

29、ain a succinct point.第46頁/共58頁第45頁/共58頁 Paradox Eg: 1)make a way out of no way 2)War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength. (George Orwell:1984) 3)The child is father of the man.第47頁/共58頁第46頁/共58頁 4.Oxymoron (矛盾修飾) Definition: A figure of speech which combines incongruous and apparentl

30、y contradictory words and meaning for a special effect.第48頁/共58頁第47頁/共58頁 Oxymoron 1.adj.+n. Eg: painful pleasure tearful joy careful carelessness a thunderous silence第49頁/共58頁第48頁/共58頁 Oxymoron 2. adj.+adj. Eg: cruel sweet love bitter-sweet memory bad good news第50頁/共58頁第49頁/共58頁 Oxymoron 3.adv.+adj. Eg: falsely true a mercifully fatal blow politely wrong第51頁/共58頁第50頁/共58頁 O