科技論文英語摘要講座

1、科技論文摘要英譯技巧張尚蓮 河北工業(yè)大學外國語學院 2013年 11月22日第一部分：科技英語論文寫作中的要素科技英語論文七要素 標題(Title)的具體要求 標題(Title)的具體要求 標題(Title)的具體要求 Latest research in Nature:21 November 20131. Origin and age of the earliest Martian crust from meteorite NWA7533 Source: Nature 2. A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging co

2、ronaviruses Source: Nature Reviews Microbiology 關注Nature 上的標題關注Nature作者(Author)的要求摘要(Abstract)的要求：內容1.What is the general knowledge of your topic in the academic field？2.What research topic is the paper to focus on？3.What method or material do you use to support your main point of view？4.What conclu

3、sion will you draw？5.What is the main contribution of your paper?摘要(Abstract)的要求：措辭縮減背景性情況介紹。用重要事實開頭，避免用輔助從句開頭。盡量用主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài)。簡化措詞。摘要(Abstract)的要求：時態(tài)研究背景、目的和范圍：現在時研究方法、手段或步驟：過去時、現在時或現在完成時研究結果：過去時或現在完成時研究結論：現在時摘要實例一 Pun Work Helps English Learners Get the Joke Abstract: Native speakers of a language l

4、earn word play as part of the language acquisition process, but learners of a new language rarely get that opportunity. English has an unusually large number of opportunities for humorous puns, based on the complex system of spellings, pronunciations, and meanings of English words. There are three m

5、ain categories of English puns, and these are explained and illustrated, along with lesson plans for using puns in classroom with English language learners. Suggested resources are included Source: Reading Teacher; Nov2011, Vol. 65 Issue 3, p197-202, 6p, 2 Charts參考文獻引文數量SCI收錄論文平均引文數20篇以上引文質量如果論文引用教材

6、、手冊和科普類期刊，EI Compendex 不予收錄該論文。引文時效10年內為宜 APA or MLA?錄入原則三大檢索以英文文獻為主。世界上著名的三大檢索工具 1.科學引文索引(Science Citation Index, SCI)是由美國科學信息研究所(ISI)1961年創(chuàng)辦出版的引文數據庫，其覆蓋生命科學、臨床醫(yī)學、物理化學、農業(yè)、生物、獸醫(yī)學、工程技術等方面的綜合性檢索刊物，尤其能反映自然科學研究的學術水平，是目前國際上三大檢索系統(tǒng)中最著名的一種2.工程索引(EngineeringIndex，EI),1884年創(chuàng)刊，由美國工程信息公司出版，報道工程技術各學科的期刊、會議論文、科技報

7、告等文獻。3.科技會議錄索引(Index to Scientific & TechnicalProceedings，ISTP)，也是由ISI出版，1978年創(chuàng)刊，報導世界上每年召開的科技會議的會議論文。 第二部分：科技論文摘要翻譯中常見問題處理信息冗余（Redundancy） 中國式英語(Chinese English) 1)省略重復性的詞 例1 不要在過冷、過熱、灰塵過重或濕度過大的環(huán)境下使用這種微型計算機。 Avoiding using this miniature computer in extreme cold, heat, dust, or humidity. 例2我們曾遇到過的情況

8、,不是氧氣設備出故障,就是引擎出故障,或者兩者都出故障。 We had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.信息冗余（Redundancy）2)省略動詞的情況 例1 大部分塑料都不容易傳熱和導電。 Most plastics do not readily conduct heat or electricity. 例2 在計算速度和確定方向時,必須有高度的準確性。 It was necessary to calculate speed and direction with a high degree of precision. 例3 布爾表達式經過

9、這樣的簡化后,去掉了那些不必要的門電路,從而減低了成本，縮小了體積,減輕了重量。 This reduction of Boolean expressions eliminates unnecessary gates, thereby saving cost, space and weight.信息冗余（Redundancy）3)省略同義詞或近義詞 例1在高頻條件下,積分時間越短,答案會接二連三地顯示出來,用戶可能來不及把答案記錄下來。 At high frequencies where the integration time is short, results will be display

10、ed in rapid succession and possibly leave insufficient time for the user to record them. 例2由于對測量和控制各種用途的物理變量的需求與日俱增,儀表制造技術一定會突飛猛進地進一步發(fā)展。 Further development in instrumentation techniques is certain to be very rapid because of the increasing demand for measurement and control of physical variables in

11、 a wide variety of applications.信息冗余（Redundancy）4)省略同義詞或近義詞 例3屋頂需要加以特別考慮,以確保經受日曬雨淋和在有時被化學物質嚴重污染的大氣中有足夠的耐久性。 Roofs require special consideration to ensure adequate durability in relation to the exposure to sun and rain, and to an atmosphere sometime heavily polluted with chemicals.信息冗余（Redundancy） 例1

12、 氧化作用會使鋼鐵生銹。 Oxidation will make iron and steel rust. 例2 應注意保證脈沖信號本身不出現不規(guī)則現象和中斷現象。 Due care must be taken to ensure that the pulse signal itself shall show no irregularities and no interruptions. 例3 這種加工方法需要的溫度不是很高。 The temperature needed for this processing is not high.5)省略表事物范疇的詞信息冗余（Redundancy）6)

13、省略泛指人稱 例1逐漸地,人們實現了把微處理器用作為中央處理裝置。 Gradually, the usefulness of microprocesso as central processing units was realized. 例2 大家知道,電子是極微小的負電荷。 Electrons are known to be minute negative charges of electricity.信息冗余（Redundancy）7)省略可說可不說的措辭It is reported; In this paper it is believed thatat a high temperatu

14、re of 1500;It is possible thatat the present momentdefinitely provedfor the purpose of has the capability of in order to smaller in size has been found to increase信息冗余（Redundancy）8)增加冗余信息例 當有桿腔進氣,無桿腔排氣時,環(huán)形活塞下降,迅速打開閥門,產生氣流脈沖。When the compressed air is exhausted in theupper part of the circular cylind

15、er and exhaustedfrom the lower part of the circular cylinder, thecircular pistol drops and valve is opened rapidlyand produce the airA:增譯解釋性成分信息冗余（Redundancy）8)增加冗余信息所有的金屬都是晶體,換言之,他們的原子都是按一定的結構排列的。All metals are crystals. In other words, their atoms arranged themselves in patterns.A：增加原文中雖無其詞而有其意的詞信

16、息冗余（Redundancy）8)增加冗余信息 同性電荷相斥,異性電荷相吸。Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attractC:增補表邏輯關系詞信息冗余（Redundancy）國內論文摘要改寫示例一摘要原文摘要原文下肢康復機器人膝關節(jié)動力學分析與PID控制康復訓練機器人技術是一種把機器人技術應用于康復訓練的機電設備。下肢康復機器人是其中一種，在多環(huán)境運動平臺的配合下，該機器人能模擬出正常人的步態(tài)，幫助病人按照正常的步態(tài)行走，形成良好的條件發(fā)射，進而不斷刺激病人大腦中樞神經，達到行走康復目的達到行走康復目的。由于外骨骼服務對

17、象的特殊性，對下肢康復機器人膝關節(jié)控制系統(tǒng)提出了更高的要求，通過建立下肢康復機器人膝關節(jié)動力學的數學模型解出其控制系統(tǒng)的傳遞函數，并在控制系統(tǒng)中加入PID控制器。通過通過MATLAB對下肢康復機器人膝關節(jié)控制系統(tǒng)進行仿真，使下肢康復機器人控制系統(tǒng)能夠達到響應速度快和穩(wěn)定性高的要求。關鍵字：膝關節(jié)，動力學，PID控制，傳遞函數，仿真國內論文摘要改寫示例一摘要原譯文摘要原譯文Lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee kinetics analysis and PID controlAbstractRehabilitation training robot is a

18、 robot technology applied in rehabilitation training of mechanical and electrical equipment. Lower limbs rehabilitative robot is one of that, under the coordination of the environmental movement platform, the robot can simulate the normal human gait, help the patient to normal gait, form the good co

19、nditions for launch, then continue to stimulate the patients brain central nervous system, achieve walking rehabilitation purpose. Because the exoskeleton particularity service object, on the lower limbs國內論文摘要改寫示例一摘要原譯文摘要原譯文rehabilitative robot knee joint control system put forward higher requiremen

20、ts, Through the establishment of the lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee dynamics model for calculating the transfer function of the control system, and the control system with PID controller. Through MATLAB on the lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee joint control system simulation, so that the

21、lower limbs rehabilitative robot control system can achieve fast response speed and high stability requirements.Keywords: Knee joint ,Dynamics, PID controller, Transfer function, Simulation國內論文摘要改寫示例一摘要修改譯文摘要修改譯文AbstractRehabilitation training robot is applied in rehabilitation training of mechanica

22、l and electrical equipment. With the coordination of the environmental movement platform, lower limbs rehabilitative robot can simulate the normal human gait, help the patient to normal gait, form the good conditions for launch, then continue to stimulate the patients brain central nervous system to

23、 achieve walking rehabilitation purpose. Because the exoskeleton will serve special object , the lower limbs國內論文摘要改寫示例一摘要修改譯文摘要修改譯文rehabilitative robot knee joint control system has higher requirements. Establish the lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee dynamics model to calculate the transfer func

24、tion of the control system, and the control system with PID controller. The simulation of the MATLAB on the lower limbs rehabilitative robot knee joint control system can make the lower limbs rehabilitative robot control system achieve faster response and higher stability.Keywords: Knee joint ,Dynam

25、ics, PID controller, Transfer function, Simulation 盡量避免中國式英語國內論文英語摘要改寫示例二 u 原文：Wind power is a kind of inexhaustible and harmless energy source in the nature. Its application for providing electric power becomes more and more nowadays. However, the wind power is not easy to control, because the chan

26、ge of the wind velocity will change the rotating speed of the wind turbine. Consequently, the output frequency and voltage of the alternator driven by it will also be varied. This is unacceptable either to the consumers or to the parallel operation with an existing power system. For solving this pro

27、blem, this paper presents a variable speed and constant frequency and magnitude when the wind turbine speed varies within certain limits. This is realized by using an eddy-current coupling between the wind turbine and the alternator and the existing current of the coupling can be automatically regul

28、ated by means of electric devices so as to keep the speed of the alternator practically constant. The features of this system are its compactness, reliability, fine regulation and ease of control. The experimental characteristics will be given and some exploratory viewpoints on the application of sy

29、stem to wind power generation will be presented.INSPEC改寫后：Proposes a variable speed, constant frequency and magnitude wind turbine realized by using an eddycurrent coupling between the wind turbine and its alternator. The current to the coupling can be automatically regulated by means of electric de

30、vices so as to keep the speed of the alternator practically constant. The features of the system are its compactness, reliability, fine regulation and ease of control. The experimental characteristics are given and some exploratory viewpoints on the application of this system to wind power generatio

31、n are presented英國INSPEC (Information Services in Physics, Electrotechnology, Computers and Control of the Institution of Electrical Engineers國際物理與工程情報服務部） 盡量避免中國式英語國內論文英語摘要改寫示例 盡量避免中國式英語國內論文英語摘要改寫示例 二 修改前后論文對比： (1）原摘要前5句用單詞84個，占全篇用詞（189個）的45%，說的不過是人所共知的風力發(fā)電所具優(yōu)點與困難，不是本文所專有、而是旁文也可通用的一般性概念，沒有提到的必要，因此被INSPEC磁帶文摘整段砍掉。其余也經刪改，共剩85個單詞，只留原摘要的45%。(2）INSPEC將原摘要第六句的開場套話For solving this problem, this paper 刪去，并把謂語presents 換成Proposes; 取消由when 引出的狀語從句；全句重新