九年級英語復習被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式作主語的用法人教朗文

1、九年級英語復習被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式作主語的用法人教朗文版【同步教育信息】一. 本周教學內(nèi)容： 復習被動語態(tài)和動詞不定式作主語的用法 被動語態(tài)屬于中考中應該掌握的內(nèi)容，特別是一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時以及帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 結(jié)構(gòu)：被動語態(tài)由助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。 在被動語態(tài)中也有各種時態(tài)，而時態(tài)的變化是由助動詞be的變化來決定的，過去分詞不變。 肯定句：主語助動詞be過去分詞by 否認句：主語助動詞be + not + p.p. + by 一般疑問句：Be +主語過去分詞by

2、? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞be主語過去分詞by? 以teach為例： 肯定句： 否認句： 疑問句及簡略答復： 一般現(xiàn)在時： Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, he / she is. No, he / she isnt. Yes, we / they are. No, we / they arent. 一般過去時： Yes, I / he /she was. No, I / he / she wasnt. Yes, we / they were. No, we / they werent. 情態(tài)動詞： 疑問句及簡略答復： Yes, I /she / he / we / y

3、ou /they must / can / may. No, I/ he /she / we /you / they mustnt/ cant / may not. 請同學們記住以下幾點： 被動語態(tài)的用法： A. 當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。 B. 只需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時。 e.g. This bridge is made of stone. 這座橋是由石頭建成的。 The telephone is made in Guangdong. 是在制造的。 主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)的方法： 1. 將原句中的主語變成賓語。 2. 謂語動詞改為被動形式： 3. 原句的主語

4、如果有必要存在，要放在by的后面，沒有必要存在就可以省略。 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的幾種情況： 1. 原句有一個賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語謂語賓語變被動的方法時就要按照例句： The workers built many houses. Many houses were built by the workers 2. 當原句中有兩個賓語時，我們可以用兩種方法。 e.g. Sarah gave me a nice kite. I was given a nice kite by Sarah. A nice kite was given to me by Sarah. 3. 當原句中含有賓語補足語時，變成被

5、動語態(tài)時，賓語補足語不變。 e.g. The teacher told Mary to open the window. Mary was told to open the window by the teacher The boss made them do the work quickly. They were made to do the work quickly. 注意：動詞可以分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。及物動詞才可以有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。而不及物動詞加上副詞或介詞后，如果能相當于一個及物動詞的作用，就可以有被動語態(tài)。 e.g. Mrs King takes care o

6、f the books in the library. The books are taken care of by Mrs King in the library. 不是所有的主動句都可以變成被動語態(tài)的句子。 A. 當謂語動詞是表示狀態(tài)的動詞時，如：leave, reach, enter, have等等。 e.g. David usually leaves home at eight every morning. B. 當賓語是反身代詞時。 e.g. The students enjoyed themselves in the party yesterday. C. 有些短語動詞相當于不及物

7、動詞的作用時，沒有被動語態(tài)。 e.g. take place 發(fā)生，變化發(fā)生在某地或某時間 Great changes have taken place in Tianjin in the past ten years. 在過去的十年中發(fā)生了巨大變化。 請同學們將以下句子變成被動語態(tài)。 1. We plant trees in spring. 2. They sell a lot of things in the small shop. 3. He drew a horse on the wall. 4. The boys played football just now. 5. You mu

8、st put your bike over there. 6. His son can use the computer now. 7. Grandma may keep these books for two weeks. 8. She neednt tie sticks to the big trees. 9. The twins should took after their younger brother well. Key: 1. Trees are planted by usin spring. 2. A lot of things are sold in the small sh

9、op. 3. A horse was drawn on the wall. 4. Football was played by the boys just now. 5. Your bike must be put over there. 6. The computer can be used by his son now. 7. These books may be kept by grandma for two weeks. 8. Sticks neednt be tied to the big trees by her. 9. Their younger brother should b

10、e tooked after well by the twins. 根據(jù)要求變化句型： 1. Rice is grown in Tibet. 改為否認句 2. The room was cleaned by Tom. 改為否認句 3. She was seen to go into the office. 改為一般疑問句 4. The sports meeting must be put off till next month. 改為一般疑問句 5. The meeting was held in the hall. 畫線局部提問 6. Your shirt must be washed. 畫

11、線局部提問 7. He was operated on by a very good doctor. 變成主動語態(tài) 8. The composition should be finished in two hours they 同上 9. That boy was told not to keep long hair. the teacher同上 10. The year is divided into four seasons. we同上 Key: 1. Rice isnt grown in Tibet. 2. The room wasnt cleaned by Tom. 3. Was sh

12、e seen to go into the office? 4. Must the sports meeting be put off till next month? 5. Where was the meeting hold? 6. Whose shirt must be washed? 7. A very good doctor operated on him. 8. They should finish the composition in two hours. 9. The teacher told the boy not to keep long hair. 10. We divi

13、de the year into four seasons. 選擇填空： 1. These flowers _ once a week. A. should waterB. should watered C. should be wateredD. should are watered 2. _ the clothes _ of cotton? A. Do, madeB. Is, made C. Are, madeD. Was, made 3. Do you know what time _? A. the train leaves B. is the train leave C. does

14、the train leave D. the train is left 4. When _ the PLA _? A. were, founded B. was, found C. did, founded D. was, founded 5. When she got to school, she found that the gate _. A. closedB. was closed C. openingD. opend 6. It _ in . A. was happenB. was happened C. happenedD. was taken place 7. The trou

15、sers are too long, can _ shorter for me? A. it be made B. you make them C. you made it D. be it made 8. Ben _ go out just now. A. is seen to B. was saw to C. was seen D. was seen to 9. The cake _ delicious. A. is tasteB. tastes C. is tasted D. was tasted 10. The child felt afraid because he _ alone.

16、 A. was leaveB. was leaved C. was leftD. left Key: 1. C2. C3. A4. D5. B 6. C7. A8. D9. B10. C 動詞不定式： 1. 根本結(jié)構(gòu)：to動詞原形，但有時可以不帶to。 to的后面跟著名詞，代詞，名詞詞組等，叫做介詞賓語。to后面跟動詞原形，叫做小品詞。 2. 作用：動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，在句子中不能做謂語，沒有隨著主語進行人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等的變化。動詞不定式保存動詞的特點，有自己的賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成不定式短語。所以，它在句子中可以作主語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語、定語和狀語。 A. 主語 To le

17、arn English is important. 學英語重要。 B. 表語 My job is to teach language. 我的工作是教語言。 C. 賓語 The teacher wanted to see my parents. D. 賓語補足語 He asked Edward to help him with the cooking. E. 定語 The students have many books to read. F. 狀語 The headmaster came to Class 7 to have a class meeting with the students

18、yesterday. 不定式作主語 一般情況下句子都是以名詞或者代詞等作主語。 e.g. Beijing is a modern city. 名詞作主語 是一所現(xiàn)代化城市。 She is a nice girl. 代詞作主語 不定式有名詞的作用，可以用來做主語。 e.g. To see is to believe. 眼見為實。 To take more exercise every day is necessary. 每天參加體育活動是有必要的。 很多情況下，尤其在口語中，常常用it放在句首作形式主語，而將真正的主語不定式放在句子后面，構(gòu)成下面的句型： It is / was + adj. /

19、 n. + to do 形式主語真正的主語 e.g. To take more exercise every day is necessary. = It is necessary to take more exercise everyday. 形式主語真正的主語 To finish so much homework is not easy. = It is not easy to finish so much homework. 注意： It is / was + adj. + for sb. to do sth It is / was + adj. + of sb. to do sth 的

20、區(qū)別。 表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, important, necessary, interesting等要用for sb. to do sth. 表示主觀情感或態(tài)度的形容詞，如：kind, good, clever, foolish, wise, honest, nice等要用of sb. to do sth. e.g. Its very kind of you to help me. Its foolish of you to make such a mistake. Its difficult for him to lear

21、n physics. Its dangerous for children to play in the street. It is / was for sb. to do 沒有句型轉(zhuǎn)換 而It is / was of sb. to do 句型可以用不定式作狀語的句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 e.g. You are very kind to help me. = Its very kind of you to help me. You are foolish to make such a mistake. = Its foolish of you to make such a mistake. 請用It is

22、 / was of sb. to do 改寫句子。 1. She is wise to learn from others. 2. He was wrong to tell us a lie. 3. The boy is right to help the old man. 4. You are good to get everything ready. Key: 1. Its wise of her to learn from others. 2. It was wrong of him to tell us a lie. 3. Its right of the boy to help th

23、e old man. 4. Its good of you to get everything ready. 用It is / was to do 改寫以下句子。 1. To swim in that river is dangerous. 2. To learn how to use a computer is important. 3. To visit that factory is interesting. 4. I get up early is a good habit. Key: 1. Its dangerous to swim in that river. 2. Its imp

24、ortant to learn how to use a computer. 3. Its interesting to visit that factory. 4. Its a good habit to get up early. 完成句子： 1. It was not right _像那樣想 2. It will be easier _用這種方法解出題 3. Its wrong _在公共場合大聲談話 4. Its my duty _幫助學生 Key: 1. to think like that 2. to work out the problem in this way. 3. to t

25、alk loudly in public. 4. to help the students. 用It + take sb, to do 翻譯句子。 1. 他用了兩年寫那本書。 2. 工人們要花一年修建這條路。 3. 每天我騎車上班要用半小時。 4. 我們花了二十分鐘畫了這幅圖畫。 Key: 1. It took him two years to write that book. 2. It will take the workers a year to build the road. 3. It takes me half an hour to go to work by bike. 4. I

26、t took us twenty minutes to draw this picture. 【模擬試題】I. 單項選擇： 1. _ is good for health. A. SkateB. To skate C. SkateingD. To skateing 2. Its time _. A. to go to bed B. for going to bed C. for the bed D. for I to go to bed 3. Its not good _ to play all day. A. to your B. for you C. of you D. for your

27、4. Im afraid _ take _ a long time _ the project. A. itll, us, to finish B. well, / , to finish C. well, /, finishing D. it will, us, finishing 5. Is _ necessary _ the book tomorrow? A. that, for me to return B. it, of me to return C. this, for me returning D. it, for me to return 6. How long did it

28、take you to get there? Oh, _ hour and a half, Its quite a long time. A. aB. an C. the D. / 7. Whats the matter with you? _ something wrong with my leg. A. There isB. There are C. I amD. I have 8. Where is the small coffee shop? You have to go _ the bridge. Its on the other side. A. pastB. over C. th

29、rough D. across 9. How _ do you play football? Twice a month. A. longB. old C. oftenD. soon 10. Can you help me mend the TV set? Sorry. I know _ about TV sets. A. a littleB. little C. a fewD. few 11. Will you go to have a picnic in the park tomorrow? Yes, _ it is fine. A. ifB. thoughC. becauseD. whe

30、n 12. What did the policeman say a moment ago? He asked where _ last night. A. am I B. I amC. was I D. I was 13. You look _ than yesterday? I took some medicine and had a good sleep last night. A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best 14. May I play basketball now? Youd _ because dinner is ready. A. not bette

31、rB. better not C. not better toD. better not to 15. When _ the building _? In 1990. A. did, buildB. was building C. has, builtD. was, built II. 根據(jù)句意用方框內(nèi)所給詞組的適當形式填空。swim, feel, a little, a few, eitheror, too to, hold on, enjoy oneself, not hear from, come back, be able to, hear of 1. I can speak _ En

32、glish. 2. We are very tired. Lets stop _. 3. She will give it to me as soon as she _. 4. _ you _ come in a few days? 5. Im not _ well. Perhaps I have caught a cold. 6. They were _ too big _ too small. 7. Why didnt the men _? 8. Jim _ his mother for a long time. 9. _ for a moment, please. 10. This pr

33、oblem is _ hard for me _ work it out. III. 補全對話：Doctor: 1 , Madam? Madam: Ive got a pain here. Doctor: 2 . Do you have pain here? Madam: Yes, its very serious. Doctor: Im afraid 3 . Madam: Really? It must be quite serious. Doctor: Dont worry. 4 . Madam: Operation? Do I need an operation? Doctor: Yes

34、. Madam: But my son He is only ten. 5 . Doctor: But your health is very important, isnt it? You can ask your husband to look after him. Madam: I agree with you, Im coming tomorrow. IV. 根據(jù)中文提示完成句子。 1. 父親告訴我們這臺電腦花了他八千元。 My father told us _. 2. 很久以前，這里有一條河。 _, there was a river near here. 3. 在他十六歲時，就上大

35、學了。他很聰明。 _, he went to college. He was very clever. 4. 請把收音機關(guān)小一點，我正在做作業(yè)。 _, Im doing my homework. 5. 它看上去很好，是由什么制造的？ It looks very nice, _. 6. 在電腦的幫助下，我們很容易就完成這項工作了。 _, we can finish the work easily. V. 書面表達，根據(jù)提示，寫一篇50詞以上的短文。 許多國家已經(jīng)發(fā)射了環(huán)繞地球運行的人造衛(wèi)星。而且中國的宇航員已經(jīng)進入太空。你是否也想當一名宇航員呢？請談談自己的打算。 manmade satelli

36、te, astronaut, be proud of, hope that , thoughVI. 完形填空： Buildings that reach the skies may be seen in most of the worlds largest cities today. Ever since the first skyscraper was built in Chicago in 1883, more and more tall buildings 1 up in mord and more cities. Early skyscrapers were built with th

37、ick, heavy walls of solid brick or stone or concrete混凝土. Now the new skyscrapers are being built with a steel frame work構(gòu)架that 2 the weight of the building. This takes the 3 of the old solid walls and makes 4 possible to build to greater heights. The idea came mostly from engineers 5 to see a sky sc

38、raper framework as a kind of steel bridge set on end. Like the 6 , too, it would be light but strong and could be extended 7 necessary. 8 at first to house offices and shops, some skyscrapers are now becoming homes for people who want to live 9 the center of the city. “Big John, a Chicago skyscraper

39、 that opened in 1970, is an example, “Big Johnis the popular name of the 100- story John Hancock Center. 10 the first and the 43rd floor,there are offices and shops. Theres a swimming pool on the 44th floor. From the 45th floor to the 92th, there are apartments. The people who live in these apartmen

40、ts 11 look down on the clouds instead of 12 at them. Every window has a beautiful view. Many people seem 13 14 above the city, away from the traffic and the noise. Perhaps “Big Johnwill soon be followed by other homes 15 for the skies. 1. A. putB. are putC. to have been putD. have been put 2. A. sup

41、portsB. is supportedC. holds onD. is held 3. A. materialB. thingC. seatD. place 4. A. thisB. thatC. itD. them 5. A. to be ableB. in orderC. who were ableD. that could be 6. A. steelB. frameworkC. skyscraperD. bridge 7. A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. which 8. A. BuildingB. Built C. Being builtD. Having bui

42、lt 9. A. in B. toC. at D. on 10. A. OnB. InC. BetweenD. At 11. A. shouldB. canC. mayD. must 12. A. leftB. rightC. downD. up 13. A. like to liveB. like livingC. to like to liveD. to like living 14. A. lowB. lowlyC. highD. highly 15. A. that reachB. who reachesC. reaching toD. which reaches up VII. 閱讀

43、理解： Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in todays world to find work for everyone. The economy of the world needs to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this isnt possible, and so more people are without work. Some people have no jobs now

44、 because new machines can do the work of many people in a short time. Also machines dont ask for more money or longer holidays. In all of the countries of the world machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work of forty people. A

45、bout 75,000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 60% of them can find jobs. 1. It was _ for people to find work before the machines were widely used in the factories. A. more difficultB. easier C. not possibleD. difficult 2. If the economy of the world grows 4% each year, _. A. people will have no jobs B. 4% of the people will have jobs too C. people can have the same number of jobs as before D. 96% of the people will have jobs 3. One machine can do as much work as _. A. 40 peopleB. 75,000 people C. 70% of the peopleD. 4% of the people in the wo