牛津英語8BUNIT1Grammar

1、Unit 1Unit 1Past and presentGrammarAnswer some questions about the conversation between Mr Chen and Millie.RevisionModel 1:Has Sunshine Town changed a lot? Yes, it has.Model 2:Have Mr Chen and his wife moved out of the town? No, they havent. Questions:1. Has the government built a new park? 2. Have

2、most of Mr Chens old friends moved away?3. Has it become impossible for them to see each other as often as before?Yes, it has.Yes, they have.Yes, it has.The Present Perfect Tense（現(xiàn)在完成時）1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present.e

3、.g. I have lived here since I was born. She has worked in this factory for nine years.2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and have a connection with the present. e.g. Eddie has just eaten Hobos food. (Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to e

4、at.) I have already seen the film? (I saw the film in the past and now I still remember something about the film.)3. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.e.g. I have already read this book many times. Mr Chen has been to the USA twice. I

5、/ You/ We / They have arrived.He / She / It has4. We make positive statements in the present perfect tense like this:5. We make negative statements in the present perfect tense like this:I / You/ We / They have notarrived.He / She / It hashave not = havent has not = hasnt6. We ask and answer questio

6、ns using the present perfect tense like this:HaveI / you/ we / theyarrived?Hashe / she / it Yes,I / you/ we / theyhave.he / she / it has.No,I / you/ we / theyhavent.he / she / it hasnt.7. We form the past participles of regular verbs by adding -ed, just as what we do to form the simple past tense of

7、 these verbs.Most verbs +edfinish finishedVerbs ending in -e +d change changedVerbs ending in a consonant + y -y +iedcarry carriedShort verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant double the consonant +edstop stopped8. We form the past participles of irregular verbs differently. Here are some examples.No

8、changecomecome hurt hurtChange the vowelhold held win wonChange the consonantlendlent build builtChange the vowel(s) and the consonant(s)catch caught keep kept forget forgotten tell toldOthersbe been have had fall fallen fly flowndraw drawn see seenThe following shows more examples of the past parti

9、ciples of some verbs.visit repair livemovetry studyfitplanvisited repaired livedmovedtried studiedfittedplannedBase form Past participleBase form Past participlehitputmeetmakesellgivewritethinkhitputmetmadesoldgivenwrittenthoughtA short testWrite the past participles of the verbs below. borrow plan

10、sayhope cry growmake send hitget watch enjoyborrowedhoped madegotten plannedcried sentwatchedsaidgrownhitenjoyedComplete the sentences below using the present perfect tense. 1. They _ (finish) their homework already.2. John _ never _ (visit) China.3. Mr Li _ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.

11、4. We _ (not see) each other for years.have finishedhas visitedhas repairedhavent seen5. My parents _ (not come) back yet.6. Our teacher _ (teach) us a lot about the history of China.havent comehas taughtComplete the conversation. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.Millie: _ you _ (see) a

12、ny films recently, Sandy?Sandy: No, I havent. What about you?Millie: I _ (see) one last Saturday. Sandy: Whats it about?Have seensawMillie: Its about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I _ (learn) more about Beijings past and present.Sandy: Oh, I think I _ (hear) about the

13、 film. Do you plan to see it again?Millie: Yes, Id like to.have learnthave heard一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句句型： 主語 + have /has + 過去分詞e.g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years. I have finished my homework.2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型： 主語 + have/has + not + 過去分詞 e.g. I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beij

14、ing since then.語法小結(jié)3. 現(xiàn)在完成時一般疑問句的構(gòu)成： Have/ Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 ? Yes, 主語 + have/ has. No, 主語 + havent/ hasnt.e.g. Have you finished your homework yet? Yes, I have. / No, I havent. havent = have not hasnt = has not Ive = I have Hes = He hasPresent perfect tense 現(xiàn)在完成時 用法一：表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果. 強調(diào)過去動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)

15、系.Adverbs of time 1. already （肯） yet（否/疑）I have already done my homework.I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?1.The boy has already gone home . （一般疑問句） _2.The girl has not given it to me yet. （改為肯定句） _3.They have visited the Ice Island already.（改為否定句和一般疑問句） 句型轉(zhuǎn)換Has the boy g

16、one home yet?The girl has already given it to me.They havent visited the Ice Island yet.Have they visited the Ice Island yet?Adverbs of time 2. ever never just recentlyHave you ever been to London?This is the best story that I have ever read.I have never seen this film.She has just gone to the libra

17、ry.He hasnt heard from his father recently.Adverbs of time 3. before up to now（直到現(xiàn)在） so far （到目前為止） by now （到現(xiàn)在為止） in/over/during the past/last +時間 （在過去的中）Adverbs of time 4. once/twiceI have seen the film twice. 5. This/ It is the first time It is the first time he has driven a car.用法二： for+時間段 sinc

18、e+時間點 since+句子（一般過去時） Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示過去開始的動作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。動詞使用延續(xù)性動詞。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間連用。用正確時態(tài)填空Hurry up! Lunch _already _(begin)._ he ever _(ride) a bike?Liming _(hurt) his arm last week. He _ already

19、 _(stay) in bed for five days.Yesterday, she _(buy) one book in the bookshop. She _ (not read) it since then.I _already _(lose) my pen. I _(buy) it two days ago. He _ (wait) for an hour. I _ (not finish) the work yet. _ you _ (know) him since then?has waitedhavent finishedHaveknownhurthasbegunHasrid

20、denhasstayedboughthasnt readhave lostbought9. We _ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.10. How long _ you_ (stay) at home yet?11. He _ (not read) the book before. I _ (hear) from my brother recently. Her sister _ (go) to Changchun. She_ (leave) this morning. He _ (live) in his hometown since h

21、e left here. The writer _ (finish) several story- books since 1990.have heardhave beenhavestayedhasnt readhas gonelefthas livedhas finishedPut the following sentences into English.1. 你已經(jīng)制作好生日賀卡了嗎？ _ _ _ making the birthday card _?2. 我已經(jīng)吃過早飯了，現(xiàn)在一點也不餓。 I _ _ _ breakfast, and now I am not hungry at all

22、.3. 你這周日準(zhǔn)備做什么？ 還沒決定。 What are you going to do this Sunday? I _ _ _. have already eatenHave you finishedyethavent decided yet 4. 你讀過哈利波特這本書么？ 是的，我已經(jīng)讀過好多遍了。 _ you _ the book Harry Porter? Yes, I _ _ _ it several times.5. 自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。 He _ _ here since 1978. Have read have already read has lived二、用法：以下兩種情況應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時1. 過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。e.g. He has li