初三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)句子的種類.ppt課件

1、10句子的種類（ Classification ）1陳述句分肯定句和否定句兩種。陳述一件肯定的事實(shí)，我們用肯定句；陳述一件否定的事實(shí)，我們就用否定句。1.陳述句（肯定式、否定式）（ Declarative Sentence ）否定句的構(gòu)成 改為否定句: 1) Lily and liz are twins.2)Theres some Coke in the bottle, but there orange juice. 3)I have (有)a hamburger, but l sandwiches. Lily and liz are not/arent twins.is not any/no

2、have not any/no1. be動(dòng)詞后直接加not構(gòu)成否定。 當(dāng)have/has表示“有”時(shí), 其后直接加not構(gòu)成否定。1) I go to work by bike every day.(改為否定句)2) Mr Li teaches us maths.(改為否定句)3) They had an English lesson this morning.(改為否定句) I do not (dont) go to work by bike every day.Mr Li does not (doesnt) teach us maths.They did not (didnt) have

3、an English lesson this morning. （此處have不作“有”解而表示動(dòng)作)2.由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)的句子，必須用助動(dòng)詞 do/does/did +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成否定句。1) He will feel tired after hard work.(否) He feel tired after hard work. 2) We should obey the traffic rules. (否) We play in the street. (must)3) They had seen the film before. (否) They seen the film befo

4、re.will not ( wont )had not ( hadnt )mustnt3.若句子本身含有構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式是在助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后not, 再加相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)have/has/had表示“有”時(shí), 其后直接加not構(gòu)成否定。當(dāng)have不表示“有”而表示動(dòng)作時(shí)，應(yīng)使用dont/ doesnt/ didnt+ have,不能用has/ have/ had not.在現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定句中，have/has/had是助動(dòng)詞, 其否定形式直接用havent/ hasnt/ hadnt表示。 They have already finished their work

5、. They havent finished their work yet. About have/ has/ had1. My father was a teacher in his forties.2. Toms parents will leave for Beijing tomorrow.3. Jane can sing lots of songs.4. Betty used to go to work on foot.5. They were watching TV at that time.6. I like having a barbecue in hot weather.7.

6、There are some fish in the river.8. My grandma lives in Sichuan. Have a try!Change the following sentences into negative:9. Jack has 100 coins in the box.10. The children had a good time in the park.11. Shes made an apology to her mum.12. He does his homework very carefully.13. Ben read the letter a

7、gain and again.More practice:He doesnt do his homework very carefully.The children didnt have a good time in the park.She hasnt made an apology to her mum.Ben didnt read the letter again and again.( cut cut cut , put put put , cost cost cost )Jack doesnt have 100 coins in the box.32.疑問(wèn)句及其回答（ Interro

8、gative Sentence and Answer ）提出詢問(wèn)的句子被稱為疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)句主要分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句。 3一般疑問(wèn)句,也稱為Yes/No問(wèn)句，回答必須先用Yes/No對(duì)它進(jìn)行肯定或否定回答。這類問(wèn)句一定是由助動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭的，所以在Yes/ No的后面，通常用哪個(gè)助動(dòng)詞問(wèn)的，就用哪個(gè)助動(dòng)詞回答。一般疑問(wèn)句 a. Kathy was late for school this morning. Was Kathy late for school this morning? Yes, she was. / No, she wasnt.b. Have you be

9、en to Canada? Yes, I have. / No, I havent.c. May I leave a little earlier today? Yes, you may/can. No, you may not. (無(wú)縮寫) / mustnt/ cant.一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成 若句中本身含有be動(dòng)詞、構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，變一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，將其提至句首（主語(yǔ)之前），主語(yǔ)相應(yīng)變化。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，have/has是助動(dòng)詞。Be /Will/ Have /Has/ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 其他成分?由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)的句子，須用助動(dòng)詞Do/Does/Did構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。（此時(shí)動(dòng)

10、詞一定要還原原形）Does your father go to Pudong by ferry?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他成分？一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成注意一般疑問(wèn)句中如果有兩個(gè)do，其功能不 同，句首的Do是助動(dòng)詞，是無(wú)意義的，句中 的do是原句中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。e.g. We do eye exercises every day. Do you do eye exercises every day?英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和原形相同,請(qǐng)注意判斷他們的時(shí)態(tài)。 cost, set, cut, put, let, read e.g. Th

11、e T-shirt cost five dollars. Did the T-shirt cost five dollars? The T-shirt costs five dollars. Does the T-shirt cost five dollars?Change the following sentences according to the model:Model: Kitty and Ben live in Garden City. (yes) Do Kitty and Ben live in Garden City? Yes, they do.They have got th

12、ree uncles. (yes)I like my job. (yes)Our city will be more beautiful in 5 years time. (yes)It takes about 15 minutes to get to the sea. (no)You may put the meat in the fridge. (no)There were some vegetables in the basket. (yes)They had chicken wings for lunch today. (no)Id like to be a businessman i

13、n the future. (yes)Have a try!3特殊疑問(wèn)句是對(duì)具體信息進(jìn)行詢問(wèn)的句子。常見(jiàn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞：what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how, how old, how many, how much, how long, how often，how soon, how far, how fast等。特殊疑問(wèn)句的回答要把握以下原則：?jiǎn)柺裁?，答什么；?wèn)句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，答句就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。特殊疑問(wèn)句 1. 疑問(wèn)詞 + 一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序 （用于對(duì)除主語(yǔ)外的其它成分提問(wèn)） 特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)： A: What time is it

14、 by your watch?B: Seven fifty-eight.A: How do you travel to school?B: By bus, then on foot.A: How often do you do a revision?B: Once a week.A: Who teaches you chemistry this term?B: Mr Li does. Whose apple tasted good? Which shirt is hers?2. 疑問(wèn)詞 + 陳述句語(yǔ)序 （用于對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)： what whowhomwhosewhic

15、hwhenwhat timewherewhy對(duì) 物體 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 人(主語(yǔ)) 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 人(賓語(yǔ)) 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) “誰(shuí)的” 進(jìn)行提問(wèn) （可做主語(yǔ)，也可做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞）對(duì) “哪個(gè)(些)” 進(jìn)行提問(wèn) （可做主語(yǔ)，也可做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞）對(duì) 時(shí)間 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 具體時(shí)刻 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 地點(diǎn) 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 原因 進(jìn)行提問(wèn) （回答要用because）你可別嫌我煩哦howhow old how manyhow muchhow longhow fast how oftenhow farhow soon 對(duì) 方式 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 年齡 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 數(shù)量(可數(shù)名詞) 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 數(shù)量(不可數(shù)名詞/價(jià)格)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 一段時(shí)間(

16、延續(xù)性)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 速度 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 周期/頻率副詞 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 距離 進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì) 一段時(shí)間以后 進(jìn)行提問(wèn) 我只用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)_ is it by your watch? Its 9:30._ do you usually travel to school? By bus._ does Tom do a revision? Once a week._ will she be back from England? In two weeks.Choose the words to complete each sentence. how long how how far how fast whose

17、 what time how often how soonWhat timeHowHow oftenHow soonHave a try! _ did they usually drive in the city? Sorry, I dont know. _ have you learned English? For nearly five years. _ apple tasted good? Kittys. _ is his school from yours? Five minutes walk. how long how how far how fast whose what time

18、 how often how soonHow fastHow longWhoseHow far1. I have lived in Shanghai since 1991.2. Life was hard at that time.3. Ben came along the road, singing happily.4. Our dog Lucky is four years old.5. Sue prefers the skirt with the blue spots.6. Its about 2,100 kilometres from Tokyo to Beijing.7. Mary

19、entered the contest because she wanted to win.8. The Greeks succeeded in capturing the city of Troy by a trick.9. We have one TV set for the whole family.10. The model plane cost $100.Do some exercises: （劃線提問(wèn)）3選擇疑問(wèn)句既可以用wh- 疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭，又可以用助動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭，但一定要用or連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列選項(xiàng)。朗讀時(shí)or前用升調(diào)，or后用降調(diào)選擇疑問(wèn)句的回答，既不能用Yes也不能用No,

20、選哪項(xiàng)就答哪項(xiàng)，全選就表示全部肯定，一個(gè)都不選，就用全部否定表示。選擇疑問(wèn)句 A: ls Miss Li or Miss Wang going to teach us English next term? B: Miss Wang. A: Are you American or Canadian? B: Im Canadian. A: Did you go camping or sightseeing yesterday? B: Sightseeing. A: Which do you prefer, science fiction or detective stories ? B: Both

21、/ Neither.3反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成，前半句為陳述句，后半句是一個(gè)附加的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，回答時(shí)用Yes或No.反意疑問(wèn)句前半句是肯定句，后半句用否定形式加代詞構(gòu)成。A: Thailand is in the south of Asia, isnt it?B: Yes, it is .前半句是否定句，后半句用肯定形式加代詞構(gòu)成。A: Factories mustnt let out dirty water into rivers, must they ?B: No, they mustnt不可用名詞，人名，稱謂等對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句回答時(shí)，不要去看否定在前還在后，只看問(wèn)句與事實(shí)是否相符，相符的用Yes

22、,后面用肯定形式；不相符的用No，后面用否定形式。陳述句中若含有否定意義的詞：no, no one, nobody, never, nothing, neither, none, little, few, hardly等，疑問(wèn)句部分則用肯定形式表示。A: It hardly snows in South China, does it ?B: No, it doesnt.1. Lets have a picnic, _?2. Let us have a barbecue, _?3. Please open the window, _?4. Please dont close the window

23、, _?祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句，僅Lets句型用shall we,其他都用will you.Have a try!shall wewill youwill youwill you33.祈使句（ Imperative Sentence ）表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、勸告的句子被稱為祈 使句。所有的祈使句都省略主語(yǔ)即第二人稱you。祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，形容詞之前用動(dòng)詞be。祈使句的否定式用“dont+動(dòng)詞原形”1. Be careful.2. Mind the door, children.3. Dont throw paper on the ground, please.4. Lets meet at

24、the entrance.34.感嘆句（ Exclamatory Sentence ）感嘆句通常由 What, How引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅等感情。 感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)How + adj./adv.What a/an +adj.+ (c)n.What +adj. + (c)n. (pl.)What +adj. + (u)n.+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！確定用What還是How的關(guān)鍵是確定感嘆部分的中心詞。感嘆句的中心詞在主語(yǔ)的前面，也就是緊挨著主語(yǔ)的那個(gè)詞。1. 感嘆部分的中心詞是形容詞或副詞時(shí)，用How開(kāi)頭。a. How beautiful (adj.) the vase is!b. How hard (a

25、dv.) he works !2. 感嘆部分的中心詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式的，用What a (an)開(kāi)頭。 What an intelligent girl (she is)!3. 感嘆部分的中心詞是不可數(shù)名詞或是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 形式，用What開(kāi)頭。a. What important advice youve given me!b. What fine weather it is !c. What interesting stories they are!What a happy girl!How happy the girl is!How happily the girl is dancing

26、!Have a try!PractiseShe is a very good girl.We read a good piece of news.There are many beautiful flowers.What a good girl she is !What good news (it is)!What beautiful flowers (they are)!Using What!She is a very good girl.We read a good piece of news.There are many beautiful flowers.How good the gi

27、rl is !How good the news is!How beautiful the flowers are!PractiseUsing How!EXERCISES Choose the best answer: I like swimming very much, but now I _ swim as _as I used to. A. dont, often B. not, often C. dont oftener D. not, oftener2. Its dark outside. Youd better _ go out. A. not B. not to C. to no

28、t D. dont3. - _ have the scientists been there? - For about two years. A. How many times B. How C. What time D. How long4. - _ did the first man walk on the moon? - In 1969. A. What B. Where C. When D. Why5. - _ does Peter weigh now? - 44 kilos. A. How heavy B. How much C. How D. What6. - _ is it fr

29、om our school to the museum? - About 20 minutes walk. A. How long B. How fast C. How far D. How soon7. There is map on the wall, _？ A. is there B. isnt there C. is it D. isnt it 8. Our class teacher, Miss Liu, can hardly believe the story, _? A. can she B. cant she C. isnt she D. does she9. _ Chines

30、e in your English class. A. Dont speaking B. Dont speak C. Speak out D. Not speak10.Let us go fishing this Saturday, _? A. wont you B. do you C. will you D. dont you11._ important piece of news shes told me ! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an12._ you are to have a chance to go abroad! A. What luckily B. What lucky C. How luckily D. How lucky Rewrite the following sentences as required: 1.Kitty