高中主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)講義

1、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法：Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.-Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by短語有時可以省略，如果原句主語是地點名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in+地點名詞作狀語。被動語態(tài)要注意的問題：1）并非所有由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成的形式都是被動語態(tài)，有時過去分詞已經(jīng)變成為形容詞，表示一種狀態(tài)，Eg.MybrotherisveryinterestedinEn

2、glish.（狀態(tài)）MybrotherwasinterestedbywhatItoldhim.我告訴他的話讓我哥哥非常感興趣。（動態(tài)）2）主動語態(tài)在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時通常由介詞by引出賓語，如果謂語動詞是know時，原來的主語變?yōu)橛蓆o引出的賓語。Eg.Manypeopleknowhimverywell.He_well.3）含有g(shù)ive,pass,bring,buy等的雙賓語的主動句變被動時，可分別將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般間接賓語變主語較多，Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Ionmybirthday.接雙賓語的動詞在變被動語態(tài)時如果直接賓語（st

3、h）變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)主語，則間接賓語通常由介詞to（bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell,etc）、for（buy,build,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing,etc）引出。Apresentonmybirthday.Theypassedmealetter.Aletter.Themotherboughtherdaughteragift.Agift.禮物是為她女兒買的。4）某些動詞make,he

4、ai;see,watch等在被動語態(tài)中，其賓語補足語要求不帶to的不定式，但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時通常省略的不定式符號to要恢復(fù)。Hemadeuscleantheclassroomafterschool.Wecleantheclassroomafterschool.我們被迫在放學(xué)后打掃教室。Isawhimcomeintotheroom.Hecomeintotheroom.5）由動詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉，這類動詞有：不及物動詞+介詞：agreeto（同意某人）,askfor,laughat嘲笑）,listento,looka

5、fter,thinkof,talkabout等Theproblemisbeingsolved.Itneednt.談?wù)摬患拔飫釉~+副詞：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwas.拒絕Thesportsmeetwillbecauseofthebadweather.推遲情態(tài)動詞：Subject+can/may/should/must+be+pastparticipleYoumusth

6、andinyourcompositionsafterclass.你們必須在課后上交作文。Yourcompositionsafterclass.LingFengshouldwritedowntheclientsemailaddress.Passivevoice:現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài):Subject+am/is/are+being+pastparticipleTheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlesson.收音機正在播放英語課程。Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsrightnow.Passivevoice:現(xiàn)在完成時：Subject+have/ha

7、s+been+pastparticipleSomeonehastoldmethatthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.有人告訴我運動會可能會推遲。Ithatthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.我們已經(jīng)降低價格了。Thepricebroughtdown.Wehavesoldtwentymorevasestodaysincetheshopopenedatnineinthemorning.Passive:一般將來時的被動語態(tài):1.S+shall/will+be+doneTheywillsendcarsabroad

8、bysea.Carsbysea.Theschoolwillsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.學(xué)校開設(shè)一個特殊班來幫助能力較差的讀者。Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Passivevoice:Plentyofjobschool-leavers.Ipromisethatthismatternextweek.A.willbetakencareB.willtakecareofC.willtakegoodcareD.willbetakencareofThe

9、sedictionariesthelibraryagain(byyou).A.willbetakenoutofB.wontbetakenoutofC.willtakeoutofD.wonttakeoutof注意:其疑問式為Shall/Will+主語+be+done.?或特殊疑問詞+shall/will+主語+be+done.?Londonwillholdthe30thOlympicgamesintheyear2012.Passivevoice:“Wh-questions:MillionsofaudiencewillwatchthefinalmatchonTV.Passivevoice:“Wh-

10、questions:2.(am/is/are)goingto+be+doneTheclassoneverythingtheyhavelearntthisyear.A.isgoingtobeexaminingB.aregoingtoexamineC.isgoingtobeexaminedD.aregoingtobeexaminedAnexhibitionofpaintingattheartmuseumwhenhecomesbackfromabroad.A.isgoingtoholdB.isgoingtobeheldC.aregoingtoholdD.aregoingtobeheld當read,wash,sell等用作不及物動詞且表示主語的某種屬性時，通常要用主動形式表示被動意義，該用法通常與well,easily,quickly等副詞連用。Theclothwasheswell.這種布料好洗。Thebooksellsquickly.這書暢銷。不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，因為不及物動詞沒有賓語，所以若將其用于被動語態(tài)則沒有主語，故不能用于被動語態(tài)，但有些英語中的不及物動詞，譯成漢語時卻可能是“及物”的,很容易出錯，女口takeplace,happen,comeabout,bre