英語(yǔ)專四完形填空攻略課件

1、英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)完形填空解題技巧文章長(zhǎng)度：240310詞題材：一般是大家熟知的話題，專業(yè)性不強(qiáng)，涉及科技、人文、歷史、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言等方面體裁：說(shuō)明文為主文章難度適中，不含任何超綱詞，材料難度不超過(guò)大綱。2005畢業(yè)后是否住在父母家里2006英國(guó)的迷信2007老師對(duì)敘事者的影響和教育2008鹽、貝殼和金屬在某些地方仍然可以當(dāng)作貨幣使用2009醫(yī)生采取措施快速診斷、治療和制止非典2010人類語(yǔ)言的起源2011父親的角色2012地震和火山爆發(fā)原因命題特點(diǎn)20個(gè)空， 第一句通常完整給出考點(diǎn)均勻分布，相鄰兩個(gè)空之間相隔單詞不少于5個(gè)（例子）多集中考查某一類次或語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，考查動(dòng)詞和名詞較多（一般46個(gè)），連

2、詞，副詞，形容詞，固定搭配一般分別為1-3個(gè)，介詞題和語(yǔ)法題分別為1-2個(gè)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞0-1個(gè)。選項(xiàng)設(shè)置：4個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞性相同、意義相關(guān)、結(jié)構(gòu)類似，干擾項(xiàng)具有迷惑性題型分析題目類型大致為：詞匯辨析、習(xí)慣配搭、邏輯關(guān)系、語(yǔ)義銜接、語(yǔ)法題其中詞匯辨析題出現(xiàn)比例最大，尤其是名詞和動(dòng)詞；習(xí)慣搭配也是重點(diǎn)，涉及各類詞匯的習(xí)慣搭配與固定用法；邏輯關(guān)系題主要考查上下文，句子之間以及詞與詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系，涉及表示因果、并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、對(duì)比等關(guān)系的副詞和連詞，尤其是轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步關(guān)系；語(yǔ)義銜接題側(cè)重于文章的主旨、行文思路的把握。完型3大答題步驟通讀全文，掌握大意： 用2-3分鐘快速瀏覽全文，了解大意。不急于答題，

3、了解文章的題材，從整體上把握全文的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)框架。其中要注意文中的暗示，努力找出關(guān)鍵詞。 第一段的第一句通常保持完整，可以用來(lái)猜測(cè)主要內(nèi)容。但是，從2000年以來(lái)，完形填空試題有時(shí)在第一句就留了空格，這說(shuō)明試題的難度在逐年增加。試題在首句留空格的年份有：2002、2004、2006、2007、2010.統(tǒng)計(jì)從2002年到2012年，比率幾乎達(dá)到50%。瞻前顧后 各個(gè)擊破用8-9分鐘逐句精讀短文，但是閱讀時(shí)先不要看選項(xiàng)，做到精讀與猜測(cè)同行。第一輪：對(duì)含義明顯的詞匯、固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法、常用句式等純語(yǔ)言知識(shí)問(wèn)題，可以邊讀邊隨時(shí)猜測(cè)答案，包括介詞的用法，倒裝句，虛擬語(yǔ)氣等固定的句型或語(yǔ)法。第二輪

4、:針對(duì)在通讀過(guò)程中未能輕易猜測(cè)出答案的題目。這類題目的解答往往建立在對(duì)語(yǔ)篇整體理解的基礎(chǔ)上，利用上下文字里行間的線索才能得出正確答案。還可以依據(jù)自己的生活常識(shí)、人文常識(shí)等作答。常用的方法：排除法、答案代入法、利用常識(shí)復(fù)核全文，消除疏漏： 完成后，要通讀一遍，檢查是否前后貫通，內(nèi)容清楚，主題突出。復(fù)讀過(guò)程中如果有某些地方意義含糊或矛盾，就應(yīng)該依據(jù)文章的中心意思來(lái)重新考慮。從語(yǔ)法上，檢查一下所完成的句子是否主謂一致；時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確；名詞、代詞的性、格是否一致；動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的搭配是否準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。對(duì)于個(gè)別難度較大的空項(xiàng)，可以憑著自己的語(yǔ)感，堅(jiān)持第一感覺(jué)選擇答案。完型3大考點(diǎn)詞匯語(yǔ)法邏輯詞

5、匯（名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等）這是完形填空中出現(xiàn)最多的一種題型。四個(gè)答案選項(xiàng)或?yàn)榻x詞，或?yàn)榉墙x同類詞。有時(shí)無(wú)論填入哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，在語(yǔ)法上都對(duì)，在意義上也說(shuō)得通。這就需要考生不僅要考慮各選項(xiàng)本身的形式、意義和功能，還要聯(lián)系上下文來(lái)做出正確的選擇。 The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a (31) _ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. It (32

6、) _coastlines, communities and brought death to many people. 31. A. massive B. significant C. great D. grand 32. A. changed B. converted C. destroyed D.transformedA規(guī)模非常大的意義重大的宏偉的C改變思想，信仰破壞，摧毀轉(zhuǎn)換，使變型 The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving (33) _ (although very sl

7、owly) and has done so for billions of years. This is one (34) _ of earthquakes, when one section of the earth (tectonic plate) collides with another. 33. A. frequently B. periodically C. regularly D. continuously 34. A. source B. cause C. movement D. reason the reason for sth.頻繁地周期性的有規(guī)律的持續(xù)不斷地DB來(lái)源原因運(yùn)

8、動(dòng)原因ofAll we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain _ to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things. (2010)A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movementsA語(yǔ)法主要包括：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，短評(píng)搭配，連接詞的選擇，不定代詞的用法和比較級(jí)的使用等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。However, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, (38)

9、 _ is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable. 38. A. which B. it C. this D. that 考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞的確定，非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中不能使用關(guān)系代詞that。AThe superstition is supposed to _ in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods. (2006)A. have originated B. be originating C. be originated D. originat

10、e originate表“起源”是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)。該superstition是始于過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的事件，因此選擇A。 A邏輯主要包括：考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇整體性、一致性、連貫性的把握，辨清句與句、段與段之間的因果、對(duì)比、遞進(jìn)、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系。They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt, (42) _ they can be so violent that they just explode directly from the earth with no warning. 42. A. or B. and

11、 C. nor D. but 邏輯銜接。前后兩個(gè)句子表示的是火山噴發(fā)的兩種方式。ASalt may seem rather a strange (substance) to use as money, _ in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an absolute necessity. (2008)A. but B. and C. so D. even上半句提到把鹽作為錢(qián)來(lái)使用也許看起來(lái)很奇怪，而下半句提到了在一些國(guó)家它又是必需品，由此判斷上下句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。A完型6個(gè)解題技巧技巧一

12、：充分利用首句信息完形填空題的特點(diǎn)是篇幅小，起點(diǎn)高，容量大。按一般的命題要求，完形填空題所采用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但首句往往不設(shè)空，通常是個(gè)完整的句子，這個(gè)句子不容忽視，它是全文的關(guān)鍵句，或者稱為主導(dǎo)句，是了解全文的窗口，常常包含對(duì)解題有用的信息，由此句可判斷文章的大意乃至主題。因此，考生要充分利用完形填空題首句的提示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，從而展開(kāi)思維，爭(zhēng)取開(kāi)局順利。 技巧二：充分利用邏輯推理補(bǔ)充遞進(jìn)：furthermore; moreover; in addition; additionally; what is more; above all; besides等同：equall

13、y; likewise; in the same way; in a similar way轉(zhuǎn)折讓步：anyhow; anyway; still; though; yet; in any case; however; nevertheless; in spite of; despite; all the same對(duì)照：contrastingly; conversely; oppositely; on the contrary; in contrast; by comparison同位與舉例：namely; in other words; for example; for instance; t

14、hat is; that is to say原因：since; for; because; due to the fact that; as結(jié)果：accordingly; as a consequence; in consequence; consequently; hence; so; therefore; thus; as a result兩方面：alternatively; rather; on the one handon the other hand; eitheror時(shí)間順序：in the meantime; meanwhile; meantime; at the same tim

15、e; prior to; previously; afterwards并列：and; eitheror; neithernor; not onlybut also; on the one hand, on the other hand; while; whereas技巧三：巧妙運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法分析完形填空題中對(duì)詞匯知識(shí)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣用法和同義詞、近義詞的辨析兩個(gè)方面。習(xí)慣用法是英語(yǔ)中某些固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)，不能隨意變動(dòng)。而在眾多的習(xí)語(yǔ)當(dāng)中，介詞往往扮演最活躍的角色，其次是副詞。近年詞義辨析題的比重有加大的趨勢(shì)。要做好這類題目，必須有較大的詞匯量和較強(qiáng)的詞語(yǔ)搭配能力。 技巧四：利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)完型填空所選

16、文章中原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)像較為明顯，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)上下文中已出現(xiàn)的詞匯，一般就是答案。The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this _ can be modifi

17、ed. (2004)A. cycle B. period C. circle D. round A技巧五： 利用文化背景常識(shí)完形填空題命題的基本形式是獨(dú)立的語(yǔ)篇，它以自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的語(yǔ)篇信息，其間交織滲透著各類相關(guān)的常識(shí)與知識(shí)，從文化、科學(xué)常識(shí)到歷史、地理知識(shí)等，無(wú)所不包。做題時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，注意中西方文化方面存在的差異，將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過(guò)程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順理成章地選出正確的答案。因此，平時(shí)就要注意知識(shí)的積累，并加強(qiáng)不同學(xué)科間的知識(shí)融合，有意識(shí)地了解一些英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化背景知識(shí)，這對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)試將大有幫助。 技巧六：大量閱讀，提高閱讀理解能力

18、。在一定意義上，完形填空題是為閱讀理解服務(wù)的，它要求考生具有快速閱讀文章的能力，尤其是跳讀的能力，心里要有整體，瀏覽全文，掌握全文要旨和主要考點(diǎn)。這種能力的培養(yǎng)是靠平時(shí)大量閱讀訓(xùn)練出來(lái)的。真題展示The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memoryIt was a (31) _ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian OceanIt (32) _ coastlines，communities and

19、brought death to many peopleWhy do earthquakes happen?The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving(33)_ (although very slowly)and has done so for billions of yearsThis is one(34)_ of earthquakes，when one section of the earth (tectonic plate)(35)_ anotherScientists can

20、 predict where but not(36)_ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault lineOn one fault line in Kobe，Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed(37)_，earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines，(38)_ is why they are so dangerous and (39)_ Where do volcanoes happen? Volcano

21、es happen where the earths(40)_ is thin：lava，dust and gases(41)_ from beneath the earthThey can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt，(42)_ they can be so violent(43)_ they just explode directly from the earth with no warningThere are 1511(44)_ volcanoes in the worldThis means that t

22、hey may(45)_ be dangerousIn 1985 the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz eruptedThe lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud(46)_ the town belowTwenty thousand people diedNatural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictableWe regularly do not know when they(47)_ happen，or (48)_ where t

23、hey will happenIn the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict(49)_ before they happenThis could(50)_ many lives 31Amassive Bsignificant Cgreat Dgrand32Achanged Bconverted Cdestroyed Dtransformed33Afrequently Bcontinuously Cregularly Dperiodically34Asource Breason Cmovement Dcause35Acollides with Bconfronts with Cmeets with Dfaces with36Ahow Bwhy Cwhen Dwhat37AGenerally BHowever CSimilarly DAnyway38Athat Bit Cthis Dwhich39Aunpredictable Bunaccountable Cinevitable Dirresistible40Asurface Bappearance Ccrust Dcover41Aflowed out Bburst out Cleaked out Dtr