外國留學申請法國留學申請書格式

1、 外國留學申請法國留學申請書格式 外國留學申請法國留學申請書格式 Dear _, A fourth-year student grounded solidly in the basics of computer science, I am writing in pursuit of graduate studies that I hope can help me acquire cutting-edge expertise in software programming in general and parallel processing in particular. Intrigued by

2、 the power of the computer since high school, I have been trying to stay on top of the computer science by concentrating my undergraduate studies on those subjects that underpin the discipline, particularly mathematics and electronics. To build up my solid knowledge in these subjects, I have taken v

3、irtually all the related courses that the university has had to offer. These courses include Algorithm & Data Structure, Mathematical Modeling, Network Theory, Digital Circuit, Discrete Mathematics, and Electric Circuit. With a sophisticated understanding in these areas, I have been well positioned

4、to appreciate the basic theories of computer science and their applications to software development. Aided by the firm command of the basics, I have found it not only easy but also exciting to study the various subjects covered by my major. As most of my classmates, I took a variety of courses rangi

5、ng from AI to Computer Network, from AI Programming to Knowledge Engineering, from Pattern Recognition to Software Engineering, and from Database Design to Programming Language Design. But I distinguished myself by my academic record, which places me as one of the very top students in my class. My g

6、rades in these course never went below A or B. I have also stood out as one of the few who have taught themselves Real Time System and Computer Graphics. Armed with sound training in the basic theories and applied technologies, I have been able to move on into deeper and wider areas of computer scie

7、nce. Early in my university life, I began to understand that the modern computers base, the Turing machine, was reaching its limits in AI. Gradually, I have narrowed down my research interest to parallel & distributive computing, which I understand can significantly boost the performance of personal

8、 computers by giving them some of the functions of mainframe computers. Of all the areas of computer science, parallel processing fascinates me the most. The term first came to me when I read the book Computer Organization & Design: the HardwareSoftware Interface as part of my Computer Architecture

9、course. By teaching me how the performance of computers can be improved through pipelining and parallel processing, the book reshaped my thinking in computer science. My lab experience deepened my understanding of parallel processing. In my third year, I worked on a GIFT project with Dr. Komatsu, ch

10、ief researcher of IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory and Dr. Koseki, one of Dr. Komatsus colleagues. The project was to introduce the architecture supports that can allow compilers to derive more parallelism from programs. These architecture supports include three designs, a conditional execution mechani

11、sm to execute instructions without normal conditional jump instructions, speculative execution mechanism, and a dynamic memory disambiguation mechanism to execute memory access instructions simultaneously. As undergraduate students seldom get to be involved in actual research, I took full advantage

12、of the opportunity of working in the lab. I particularly enjoyed the seminars held twice a week as part of the lab work. At these seminars, I engaged in in-depth discussions with Masters students under Dr. Komatsus seasoned guidance. The lab experience is adding weight and insights to my graduation

13、paper An Improvement of Software pipelining using Loop Transformations. In this paper, I will introduce a translation algorithm using loop interchange and loop skewing. This algorithm can minimize the initiation interval of loop nest to improve the performance of software pipelining. Through my lab

14、experience and other research, I have developed a long-term professional objective: the advancement of the parallel processing technology. While I have strong faith in this technology, I also know its limitations as it is today. Some sequential algorithms cant be easily translated into fast parallel

15、 algorithms and most compilers can only distribute works on one platform. Another unsettled problem is that programming parallel computers is now still a manual work. But even the modern language (like Java, C+) can do some automatic translation work. If a compiler can be developed to translate and

16、distribute work into different platforms, personal computers will be able to work like mainframe computers at a fraction of the mainframes costs. This will make it possible to connect all the computers in the world and speed up all the processes. To help take the parallel processing technology beyon

17、d what is capable of today, I have to undertake more advanced studies. This, I believe, can only be accomplished in a quality graduate program like yours. I plan to pursue a masters degree with a concentration on paralleling and distributing compilers, operating systems or computer networks, a combi

18、nation thereof. With the training that goes into such an advanced degree, I think I will be able to take great strides towards fulfilling my professional objective. When I do, I think I will be standing on the cutting-edge of the computer science. Yours sincerely, 法國留學住宿類型解讀 一、大學生公寓 在法國，設在大學校園內(nèi)或市內(nèi)的大

19、學生公寓均由大區(qū)大學及學校事務管理中心 (CROUS) 負責進行管理。公寓內(nèi)設10至12平方米帶家俱和盥洗設備的單人房間，廁所和淋浴為樓層公用。公共設施還囊括：公用小廚房、工作和會議室等。某些公寓還提供一些特殊服務，例如：公共部分的打掃、提供床單、常駐保安看守，等等。這類住所的平均租金在每月120至300歐元之間。 這些住房按照學生社會條件進行分配。獲得公立大學生公寓的住房名額特別困難，尤其是在巴黎。因為這些住房名額通常優(yōu)先為獎學金享受者預留。對于外國留學生，則優(yōu)先分配給法國政府獎學金享受者。 二、私營大學生公寓 這類專供大學生租用的私營公寓分布于法國各大城市。為彌補公立大學公寓住房的不足，最

20、近幾年來，法國的私營大學生公寓得到了很快的發(fā)展。私營大學生公寓通常提供帶家俱和設備的單間套房 ( Studio) ;內(nèi)設簡易廚房，視情況可配帶餐具;公用設施囊括：咖啡廳、電視室、會議室、復印室、自動洗衣房，等等。這些單間套房根據(jù)適用于私營部門的租賃法規(guī)出租;須簽訂租約并按要求繳納押金。如在離開住房時，房屋設施保持搬入時的原樣狀況，則可退還押金。 在某些私營大學生公寓，電費由學生自付，并且如果居住時間至少超過一年時，還須繳納居住稅。這類住房的月租金巴黎約需590至686歐元，外省400至686歐元。 三、私人住宅 租用這類私人住宅，即使是帶家俱房間或單間套房，通常要求出示父母擔保書，以保證如期支

21、付房租。一般來說，房東對房客的經(jīng)濟收入有嚴格的要求，即申報的收入必須至少是房租的四倍。房主可要求房客出示最近幾個月的工資單或最近一兩年的年收入申報單。如果需要有人作擔保的話，擔保人的收入必須至少高于房租六至八倍。 這類住房通常需要通過物業(yè)中介管理公司尋找;也可通過報刊廣告直接向房主租用。遵照法國的習慣，房租由兩個部分組成：一是歸屬房主的住房租金，另一部分稱 作“雜費負擔 ( Charges)”，主要用于支付日常公共開支，例如：信件、門房、樓房公共部分的清潔打掃，等等。雜費金額視住房大小和樓房檔次而不同。學生住房的雜費大概在每月50 歐元左右。在租房廣告中，如有縮寫注明“CC”，也即“charg

22、es comprises ”，其意思是所列的房租中已經(jīng)包含了“雜費”;否則，還應另加雜費。為謹慎起見，應隨時詢問房東或房產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀公司房租是否包含雜費。 四、家庭寄宿 所謂家庭寄宿，也就是在私人家庭里租用一間帶家俱的房間，和房東家庭一起生活。這種方式對于短期居留者尤其合適;對留學生來說，也不失為一解決住房的方式。寄宿也可有幾種不同的形式，例如，包早餐，或者允許使用房東家庭的廚房，等等。房東對房客在擔保以及繳納房租方面的要求也會因人而異。這種家庭寄宿的租金在巴黎大概每月在800至1050歐元之間，外省價格可以減半。這種住房的缺陷當然是獨立性受到限制，例如，在聲音、在接待朋友等方面。 五、旅館 旅館住宿由于價格昂貴，至少每晚在48歐元左右，所以只能是臨時的權宜之計。值得了解的是，在法國，某些旅館實行遞減價格制，對連續(xù)居住一個月以上的客人采用優(yōu)惠價格。 法國藝術研究生留學費用 一、學費 在法國大多數(shù)的公立學校是不需要學生交學