低碳建筑案例分析Lowcarbonemissionbuildingcasestudy課件

1、中國(guó)的低碳建筑，到底有多低？Low carbon buildings in China, how low are they? 許鵬 博士Peng Xu, PhD2010.21報(bào)告提綱中國(guó)和國(guó)外建筑碳排放比較 (Buildings Carbon Emission Comparison, China vs Developed countries)低碳建筑案例分析 (Low carbon emission building case study)低碳建筑的評(píng)估框架 (Evaluation framework)建筑施工階段 (Building construction phase)建筑運(yùn)行階段 (Bu

2、ilding operation phase)建筑拆毀階段 (Building demolition phase)“低碳”建筑的碳排放 (Is low carbon building emission really low?)中國(guó)建筑是否是低碳建筑？ (Is China building carbon emission low?)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：清華建筑節(jié)能研究中心Carbon Emission Per Unit AreaCarbon Emission Per CapitaCN Developed Countries US CACN Developed Countries US CA建筑碳排放的生命

3、周期 (Building Carbon Emission Lifecycle Analysis)總體而言，中國(guó)的建筑在運(yùn)行使用階段能耗要比發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家低(Overall, China Building carbon emission in operation phase is much lower than developed countries)施工 (Building Construction)建材生產(chǎn) (Building Materials)建筑運(yùn)行使用Building Operation建筑拆毀 (Building Demolition)建材回收 (Recycle)使用低碳 建筑低碳Low

4、 Carbon OperationLow Carbon Buildings標(biāo)準(zhǔn)住宅建筑案例分析 (Typical Building) B. Steven and R. Peter2層典型住宅建筑木結(jié)構(gòu)，面積大約為227.6 m2(2 level wood structure, 2276 ft2)地下室外墻和地基采用混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)（Basements with concrete foundation)地處冬季寒冷，夏季溫和氣候地區(qū)4與美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)住宅建筑的CO2的排放量對(duì)比分析 (Compared with the US Buildings)與美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)住宅建筑的CO2排放量的對(duì)比建筑材料準(zhǔn)備和建造施工階

5、段的一次能耗為942GJ，占整個(gè)生命周期的6.1%左右， (Carbon emission in construction phase is about 6.1%)整個(gè)建筑運(yùn)行階段的能耗占了全生命周期的93.7%左右，年均單位面積一次能耗為1,273MJ/m2(Carbon emission in operation is about 93.7%)基于美國(guó)的能源結(jié)構(gòu)，建筑材料準(zhǔn)備和建造施工階段的CO2排放量為349.6 kg/m2Overall carbon emission is 349.6 kg/m2數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源: 1. Steven Blanchard and Peter Reppe, Li

6、fe Cycle Analysis of a Residential Home in Michigan, Center for Sustainable Systems. 木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)與鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型 (Comparison of wood and concrete structure)建筑材料準(zhǔn)備和施工階段的CO2排放量占整個(gè)生命周期（35年）的12%左右，建筑運(yùn)行階段的CO2排放量占整個(gè)生命周期（35年）的79%左右(Use wood structure, carbon emission is about 12% of overall building carbon emission)鋼筋混

7、凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的住宅類(lèi)型在建筑材料準(zhǔn)備和施工階段中的CO2排放量要高23%左右(Carbon emission of concrete structure is about 23%)建筑材料準(zhǔn)備和建筑施工階段的CO2排放量約為370kg/m2，與中國(guó)的全現(xiàn)澆板式住宅和混合住宅類(lèi)型的CO2排放量相當(dāng)(Carbon emission of concrete structure in Japan is 370 kg/m2, very close to China)5與日本住宅建筑的CO2排放量對(duì)比分析 (Building Caron emission in Japan)與日本住宅建筑的CO2排放量的對(duì)比

8、不同住宅建筑結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型 (Residential Buildings)6歐洲以及其他國(guó)家的住宅建筑的CO2排放量對(duì)比分析（建材準(zhǔn)備和施工階段）Carbon Emission of European Countries (Materials and Construction)歐洲以及其他國(guó)家住宅建筑的CO2排放量的對(duì)比數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源（參考文獻(xiàn)）國(guó)家公寓層數(shù)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)能耗（MJ/m2）折算CO2排放（kg/m2）Adalberth (1997, 2000)瑞典11木質(zhì) (Wood)3,700288.6 瑞典11木質(zhì)(Wood)3,500273.0 瑞典12木質(zhì)(Wood)2,900226.2 瑞典62混凝土

9、 (Concrete)3,200249.6 瑞典84混凝土(Concrete)3,500273.0 瑞典164木質(zhì)(Wood)4,500351.0 瑞典154鋼筋/混凝土3,400265.2 Thormark (2002)瑞典12木質(zhì)(Wood)6,200483.6 Nielsen (1995)丹麥11磚塊/混凝土3,200249.6 丹麥11磚塊/混凝土2,800218.4 丹麥12混凝土(Concrete)4,000312.0 丹麥93混凝土(Concrete)3,400265.2 丹麥11混凝土(Concrete)5,400421.2 Buchanan & Levine (1999)新西

10、蘭11鋼筋/磚塊4,700366.6 新西蘭11混凝土(Concrete)3,400265.2 新西蘭11木質(zhì) (Wood)1,700132.6 新西蘭11木質(zhì)/磚塊3,900304.2 Countries Levels Structure Energy CO2 New ZeaLD. Demark Sweden在建材準(zhǔn)備和建造施工階段過(guò)程中，木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)、混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)以及磚混結(jié)構(gòu)等住宅類(lèi)型的平均一次能耗分別為3,300MJ/m2、3,700MJ/m2、 3,500MJ/m2 ；折算成CO2排放量為257.4kg/m2、288.6kg/m2、 273.0kg/m2(The average carbon

11、 emission of wood, concrete and brick construction is 257.4kg/m2、288.6kg/m2、 273.0kg/m2)7歐洲以及其他國(guó)家的住宅建筑的CO2排放量對(duì)比分析（建材準(zhǔn)備和施工階段）(Building carbon emission of China and other developed countries) (Building materials and construction phase)歐洲以及其他國(guó)家住宅建筑的CO2排放量的對(duì)比Europe and Other Developed CountriesChinaWood

12、 Brick ConcreteBuilding material Energy consumption部分建筑回收Material recycling建筑全生命周期Building life cycle建材設(shè)備的準(zhǔn)備Building materials andequipments preparation 項(xiàng)目前期準(zhǔn)備Project preparation 建筑拆毀和維護(hù)Demolitionand recycling 運(yùn)輸 Transportation 建筑施工Construction 裝修及水暖電Decoration居民生活交通Life and transportation運(yùn)行和維護(hù)Opera

13、tion and Maintenance拆毀及清理Demolition and clean-up涉及人員 Personnel取材及生產(chǎn) Material preparation and production建造施工階段Construction phase 建筑運(yùn)行和維護(hù)Operation and maintenance 場(chǎng)地清理 Land prepare 總建筑碳排放Total building emission萬(wàn)科低碳住宅案例分析 Vanke Residential Building Carbon Analysis9建筑施工階段建筑施工和施工工藝過(guò)程中的CO2排放量對(duì)比分析 (Carbon

14、Emission of different materials in case study)鋼材、水泥砂漿及混凝土是三個(gè)最大的來(lái)源 （Steel, Concrete, and cements are three major sources, transportation is the forth one)；主要建材和施工工藝的CO2排放量Carbon Emission of different materials in Case studySteel Cement Concrete Transportation 從量化角度對(duì)比分析生命周期各個(gè)階段的CO2排放量 相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)住宅建筑而言，工業(yè)化住

15、宅在建筑施工階段過(guò)程中的CO2排放量降低了7.0%左右；建筑運(yùn)行階段的CO2排放量降低了4.2%左右 (In this case study, the carbon emission of “l(fā)ow carbon” buildings of Vanke is only reduced by 7%, the operation is reduced by 4.2%)就建筑準(zhǔn)備階段和建筑拆毀階段的CO2排放量而言，兩者的差別不大 (Carbon Emission in project development and demolition is small)10住宅建筑生命周期（50年）的CO2總排

16、放對(duì)比分析 (Life cycle carbon emission analysis)建筑生命周期CO2總排放量 Preparation Construction Operation DemolitionCarbon EmissionTypical “Low Carbon” ones 不同住宅建筑結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型全現(xiàn)澆板式住宅建筑框剪結(jié)構(gòu)住宅建筑框架結(jié)構(gòu)商業(yè)住宅樓混合結(jié)構(gòu)住宅樓11北京地區(qū)其他住宅建筑結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型的CO2的排放量對(duì)比分析（建材準(zhǔn)備和施工階段）Compared with other typical buildings in Beijing area (Construction and mat

17、erial only)與國(guó)內(nèi)其他住宅建筑的CO2排放量的對(duì)比建材準(zhǔn)備和施工階段的CO2排放量住宅建筑結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型非工業(yè)化住宅工業(yè)化住宅全現(xiàn)澆結(jié)構(gòu)板式住宅框剪結(jié)構(gòu)住宅框架結(jié)構(gòu)商業(yè)住宅混合結(jié)構(gòu)住宅單位面積CO2排放量（kg/m2）562.9519.6373.4487.4540.6366.3Carbon emission getting lower and lowerVanke typicals “Low carbon” Cast in Place Frame residential Frames coms Others Structure materialsDecoration materialsConstruction 中國(guó)建筑不低碳 (Buildings in China are not “l(fā)ow carbon” Buildings生活在建筑里面的人很低碳，但是建筑本身不低碳(Chinese lifestyle is low carbon, buildings are not)建筑不低碳主要表現(xiàn)在 (Main reasons)建筑的材料以不可再生的水泥混凝土為主 (Building structure is not low carbon)木結(jié)構(gòu)和鋼結(jié)果建筑比例偏(Wood and steel frame structure is ra