語法倒裝句詳細(xì)講解之二

1、 Grammar Inversion -倒裝句 1. 倒裝句的定義 英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動(dòng)詞的前面。如果把謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語前面，就叫做倒裝.Inversion is the changing of the order of the words in the sentence.2.倒裝句的構(gòu)成a)完全倒裝 b) 部分倒裝 In came the headmaster, followed by a group of teachers. 將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，稱之為完全倒裝。Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 只將助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或

2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語之前，謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的后面，稱之為部分倒裝。 1)句首狀語引起完全倒裝（1）“here（there，now，then, thus, first, next ）+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語”(2)以out，in，up，down，away, back, off, inside, outside, Thus ,high,low等副詞開頭的句子里，以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。車來了。 Here _鈴響了。 There_該你的了。 Now_孩子們出去了。 Out_comes the bus.goes the es your turn.went the children.They went out.He

3、re he comes.注意:當(dāng)代詞做主語時(shí)，主謂語序不變, 不倒裝。他們出去了. 他來了。Higher and higher_ and then the kite was out of sight.A. flew it B. did it flyC. it flew D. was it flying（3）當(dāng)句首狀語為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí)，也常常引起全部倒裝城南有個(gè)大型鋼鐵廠。South of the city lies a big steel factory. 這些東西里有圣誕樹、花兒、蠟燭和玩具Among the goods is Christmas trees, flowers, can

4、dles and toys. 。(4)表+主+.Gone are the days when the Chinese people were only slaves. Seated on the ground are a group of young people. Standing beside the table was an translator. Present at the meeting were many guests.*當(dāng)句首狀語為不表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí)，引起部分倒裝On the back wall hung a picture of my family.Under a tre

5、e sat a pretty girl.Beside me sat two students.In this way can we explain the matter.（5）完全倒裝用于句型 “There+live/lie/stand/exist/remain/be/seem to be/happen to be/used to be/ought be/must be /cant be) +主語”There stands a tall tree in front of the classroom.2）部分倒裝（1）用于so/as，nor，neither開頭的句子，表示重復(fù)前句部分內(nèi)容，原句的

6、謂語應(yīng)與前句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)、形式相一致他去過北京，我也去過。He has been to Beijing. So/As have I. 李威回答不了這個(gè)問題，我也不能。Li Wei cant answer the question. Neither can I.如果謂語動(dòng)詞既有肯定又有否定，或謂語動(dòng)詞有多種形式，用so it is with 結(jié)構(gòu)-I caught the first bus, I am not late for work.-So it is with him.注：有時(shí)為表示對(duì)上文情況的肯定和確認(rèn)，用正常語序表“確實(shí)如此”-He can speak good English.-So

7、 he can.-He works hard.-_and_.A. So he does.so does his brother.B. So does he .so his brother does.C. So he does so his brother does.D. So does he . so does his brother.用于never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, no , neither , nor, few ,at no time, nowhere ,in vai徒勞not once等詞放在句首的句子。我

8、再也不會(huì)這么做了。 Never Never shall I do this again. 他不太知道那個(gè)女的是誰。 Little Little did he know who the woman was. （2）用于否定詞或短語開頭的句型中 2) 含有否定意義的一些副詞，如hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, rarely, never, not / no / neither / nor/ few / nowhere /in vain（徒 勞) 等位于句首時(shí)，引起部分倒裝。還有一些表示否定意義的介詞短語位于句首時(shí)，句子也要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，常見的這類介詞短語都還有“n

9、o”, 如，at no time, in no case, by no means, in no way, under/ in no circumstance 等。in no way/case =on no occasion =by no means=on no account =in / under no circumstances(決不）如，a) Under no circumstances shall I change my attitude towards beauty. 無論如何我都不會(huì)改變自己對(duì)美的態(tài)度。b) At no time and in no circumstances s

10、hould the fire doors of the building ever be locked. 無論什么時(shí)候，什么情況下，建筑物的消防通道們都不能鎖上。c) Not a single mistake did I make.d) In vain(無結(jié)果的，徒然) did I try to change his mind.f) Seldom does she show her feelings, even when she is said.（(3).用于no sooner than，hardly when, scarcely when; not until, not only but a

11、lso , neither nor 的句型中。我剛到她就走了.Hardly had I arrived when she leftNo sooner had I arrived than she left.“一 就 ”, “剛剛.就“ 句型中， 表示一件事情緊接著另一件事情發(fā)生。Hardly Scarcely +倒裝句(過完) +when +陳述句(過去)barelyNo sooner +倒裝句(過完) +than+陳述句(過去)Hardly /scarcely/ barely had he arrived at the station when the train began to leav

12、e.No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.3) 含 not until 的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，如果not until位于句首，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如果是主從復(fù)合句，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在主句中。如， a) Not until all the fish died in the river did the residents realize how serious the water pollution was. b) Not until then did he come to realize how serious the situation was.c)

13、Not until it was dark, did we arrive at the village. 直到老師來了，他才寫完作業(yè)。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.Not until + 陳述句/時(shí)間狀語 + 倒裝句Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.Not until yesterday did I learn it.(當(dāng)Not until 引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝Not only +倒裝句+but (also )+

14、陳述句Not only did we lose our money, but also we came close to losing our lives.注：主句部分倒裝，從句不倒裝；并列連詞連接主語成分時(shí)，句子不倒裝。Not only could she type but also she could operate the computer.Hardly had he got on the bus when he heard a shout.Neither in school nor at home did he ever wash his clothes.Not only childr

15、en but also grown-ups are interested in cartoon.（4）用于only開頭的句子（only后面跟副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句）。1就是在今天下午我才看完這本小說。 Only this afternoon did I finish the novel. 2只有在他告訴我的時(shí)候，我才知道他的麻煩 Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. 。 Only then was I conscious of my mistake.Only when you are 18, can you en

16、joy the civil rights.Only with hard work can you learn English well.Only then did she learn about the truth of his leaving the position.Only修飾主語時(shí)不要求倒裝。Only I can finish this task.Only he knows the truth.注：only修飾主語時(shí)不引起倒裝Only doctor can save him.Only I know the fact.當(dāng)否定詞Not, Not only, Little, Few等用來限制

17、主語時(shí),否定詞即使位于句首時(shí),也不倒裝.Not every horse can run fast.Not only he but also his brother was in debt.Few people know it.Little water is left.（5）用于“形容詞（或名詞、動(dòng)詞）+as（though）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中”盡管她很漂亮，可她不聰明。Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 盡管他可以試一試，他還會(huì)掉下來。 Try as he could, he might fall again. 注意: 如果從句的表語是名詞，其名詞前不加任

18、何冠詞(零冠詞)1盡管他還是個(gè)孩子，他不得不去謀生。Child as he was, he had to make a living. 形容詞名詞+as/though+主語動(dòng)詞副詞分詞動(dòng)詞+as +主語+助動(dòng)詞Old as/though he is, he is full of energy= Though he is old, .= He is old ,but he .Scientist as he is ,he wants to learn moreMuch as she like it, she wont buy it. Try as/though he would, he might

19、 fail again. Child as/though he was, he had to make a living.(6) 程度副詞位于句首 So , Such Often, Well, Long, Many a time, Now and then, To such a extent /degree/ length/ so + adj. /adv.+ 部分倒裝 such + (adj,) + n. +部分倒裝So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . So many question

20、s did they ask me that l got confused. Such heavy stones were they that he could hardly lifted them. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.Often did I tell him not to make trouble.Well do l remember the days when we were at school together.Long did we wait before we re

21、ceived a letter from him.Many a time have they tried that experiment. (7) 用于某些表示祝愿的句子也要用倒裝。May you succeed! 祝你成功！Long live China !中國萬歲May your country grow prosperous and strong.Long live the Peoples Republic of China（8）用于省略if的虛擬條件狀語從句Had you (not) reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the ex

22、amination. Were he to give a lecture in our school, I would let you know. Should he give up smoking, his illness would be cured before long.虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。條件從句If 從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去未來過去(were)過去完成時(shí)1.過去時(shí)2.should+V.3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V.（原）would/could/should/might+have+p.p.would/coul

23、d/should/might +V.（原）(9). 在省略 if 的虛擬條件句中，(若從句中有系動(dòng)詞were,助動(dòng)詞had,和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should時(shí),可以不用if，而將從句中的這些詞和主語顛倒形成部分倒裝.)Were/should/had +subject+ (not )othersIf l were Tom, l would refuse.= Were l Tom, l would refuse.Were l you, l would go to the concert with you.= If l were you,Should it rain tomorrow, l would/sho

24、uld stay at home,.=If it rain tomorrow, .Had you come yesterday, you might have seem him.= If you had come yesterday, (10). 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的讓步狀語從句， Be 或者動(dòng)詞原形位于句首，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句be + 主語+ ever so +adj 無論怎樣如，Be a man ever so clever, he knows nothing if he doesnt learn.無論一個(gè)人有多聰明， 不學(xué)習(xí)就什么都不知道。be + 主語+A or B 無論是A 還是B Be he

25、 friend or enemy, the law regarded him as a criminal.動(dòng)詞+wh-+will/ may 無論Come what may, we must remain optimistic. = Whatever may come, we must remain optimistic.倒 裝結(jié) 構(gòu)訓(xùn)練典型例題 No sooner _ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun

26、典型例題 - Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? - I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care alsoMy brother had a cold last week, _.A. so had I B. so did I C. I had so D. so I hadB2.Not until _ home _ his parents had been ill for three days. A. he go

27、t; he knew B. did he get; he knew C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he knowC3.In hardly any situation _ find her sad. A. that you can B. that can you C. you can D. can youD4. Be quick! _. A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus C. The bus here comes D. Here is the bus comingB5. In _ and

28、the lesson began. A. the teacher came B. the teacher coming C. came the teacher D. did the teacher comeC6. On the wall _ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging B7. - Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? - I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care n

29、either D. neither dont I careB8. Only when _ how important it is to master English.A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realizeC. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realizedB9. _ in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.A. So frightened he was B. So frightened was heC. He was frightened so D. So he was frightenedB10. _, she is still as strong as you. A.As old she is B. Old as she is C. As she is old D. As old is sheB鏈接高考:1._ you