世界經(jīng)濟學(xué)課件：1-evolution of world economy

1、Evolution of world economy Some terms about world economyIt involves international economic relation and national economic relation;It is within the economic sphere;It is a historic evolution process;Formation of world economyEmbryonic stage of world economy 1.14th century 15th century (transition f

2、rom feudalism to capitalism in western Europe), promoting the division of handicraft industry，business and agriculture； 2. trade relation among countries at the end of federalism (regional trade centre in Europe and in Asia, and their intercourse); 3. geographical discovery;城市的興起和商人的出現(xiàn)作為手工業(yè)和商業(yè)中心的城市開

3、始興起，例如馬賽、里昂、倫敦、科隆等。城市的興起和發(fā)展，促進了一個專門從事商品交換的新的社會階層商人的出現(xiàn)。漢薩同盟：波羅的海和北海的沿岸城市發(fā)起組成的一個自由而松散的商業(yè)聯(lián)盟15世紀鄭和下西洋及東方亞洲國家對外貿(mào)易發(fā)展地理大發(fā)現(xiàn) 地理大發(fā)現(xiàn)是指15世紀末和16世紀初在海外探險中發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸以及開辟通往東方新航路的過程。1519年，由麥哲倫率領(lǐng)的船隊實現(xiàn)了環(huán)球航行，開辟環(huán)球的商業(yè)通道，擴大了各國之間的貿(mào)易往來，促進了作為整體的世界經(jīng)濟萌芽。左圖為 1545年制作的畫有麥哲倫探險航線的地圖。 Formation of world economyDevelopmental stage of wor

4、ld economy 1. original accumulation of capital and colonial expansion in 16th18th century; 2. industrial revolution from1760s; 3. the establishment of international labor division and world market; 英國在北美和印度的殖民擴張產(chǎn)業(yè)革命中的機器：蒸汽機車和紡紗機Formation of world economy formation of world economy 1. the second scie

5、nce and technology revolution in 1870s (internal-combustion engine and electronic motor); 2. the change of productive relation caused by the second science and technology revolution; development &new characteristics of world economy after WWIIIncreasing growth rate average annual growth rate in 50 y

6、ears: nearly 4% DCs:4.9%(1950-1970);2.7%(1973-1988); SV:5%(1950-1973);2%(1974-1988);Other eur. socialist countries:1.9%(1974-1982);2.7%(1983-1988);Developing countries:4.7%(1950s);5.6%(60s);4.7%(70s);4.0%(80s);Global average annual growth rate in 1990s:3%-4% development of world economy after WWIIGr

7、eat changes in international division of labor natural material-based technology-based; inter-industry-based intra-industry-based; development of world economy after WWIIFast development in international trade trade volume in 1950-1979:$57.9 trillion-$1524.1trillion AGR: 6.8%5.6%(AGR of global indus

8、trial production) important role of foreign trade in national economy (export volume/global GNP): 11.4% in 1970; 14% in 1980; 16.2% in 1990 development of world economy after WWIIRapid development of international capital flows year USA W G Japan19603277.52.81990423115513180Ratio of the two years12

9、206 1135 changes in the direction of capital flows new characteristics of world economy after WWIICapitalist and socialist economic system coexisted in global economyStrengthening role of science & technology in global economyincreasing imbalance of global economic development strengthening of inter

10、national coordinationnew development since 1980s new development since 1980sFocus on high-technology for countriesMarket economy spreads to the whole worldSpeeding up of economic globalizationDeepening of international economic integrationMulti-polarizationConflicts and widening in wealth btw. DCs &

11、 LDCsIntensification in competition in economic fields Great political and economic changes after WWII changes in the powers among developed countriesSocialist countries developed into a seriesOld colonial system collapsedInternational economic relation developed in a large scale二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后世界政治地圖（1949）Cha

12、nges in the power among major economies From the end of WWII to 1950s and 1960s The US became a superpower. from 19371948: industrial product: 42% (1.3)to 53.4%(2.7); exports: 14.2% to 32.4%; gold reserves: 50.5% to 74.5%Changes in the power among major economiesEnd of 1950s and beginning of 1960s t

13、o early 1970s the US power weakened relatively. comparison of Soviet Union with the US(in 1960): GDP: 45.1% of that in the US; industrial product:55%; agricutural output value:70%; foreign trade volume:31.5%; steel output:71%; oil output:42%;electricity:33%; grain:74%; cotton:53%Changes in the power

14、 among major economies challenges from EEC at the end of 1950s comparison of EEC with the US: GDP:37.2%; industrial product:41%; export volume:45% Changes in the power among major economiesEarly 1970s to early and middle of 1980s the US declined with the competition from EEC and SV and catching up o

15、f Japan.Comparison of the three in1973countryPopulation(A hundred million) GNP (A hundred million dollars) export (A hundred million dollars) Golden and foreign reservesThe US2.101.31702116.6EEC2.571.072100606.2SV2.500.68215-Comparison of Japan and UScountryGNPIndustrial productexportreserves1975Jap

16、an5013-109.47Percentage of US32.8%25.3%56.7%80.7%1980Japan10465-201.64Percentage of US40.1%48.6%59.1%93.9%Changes in the power among major economiesEarly and middle of 1980s till now Japan the second largest economic power, US,EEC,Japan and SVUS,EEC and JapanComparison of the four in1986countryGNPIn

17、dustrialproductexportreservesThe US100100100100EEC79.9116.6366223.3Japan4749.396.636.8SV54.98042-Comparison of the three in 1990countryGNPIndustrialproductexportreservesThe US100100100100Japan56.35475.693.4EEC95.1114.5311.1394.7 Comparison of the three in 1990GDP（億美元）Export volume（百萬美元）international

18、 reserves in SDR （百萬特別提款權(quán)）199020001990200019902000USA58033987293935927811251254424502EU551897855012244659447000-186166aJapan305164753028758147924955179272392Changes in the power among major economies since 1990s, the US fast growth for 10 years; EU in 1993 with the single currency in 2001 and smooth enlargement ; the lost decade fo