高中英語語法復習之冠詞

1、高考英語語法復習之冠詞專項高考英語冠詞是必考題目之一，單項選擇一般設(shè)置兩個空，短文改錯設(shè)計一道題。冠詞分為不定冠詞(a, an ),定冠詞(the ),和零冠詞。冠詞常用 a/an/the來說明名詞所表示的人或事物，常位于名詞之前，故稱為冠詞。冠詞是名詞的一種標志，不能脫離名詞獨立存在，不能單獨做句子成分，故冠詞是虛詞，題目主要考查冠詞在具體語境中的運用，考查內(nèi)容包括定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法區(qū)別，名詞前不用冠詞的情況，特指與泛指以及習語中的冠詞用法。表示 “一” 相當于 “one。I ll return in a day or two.表示 “每” 相當于 “per 。 We have thre

2、e meals a day.表示 “同一性” 相當于 “ the same 。 The children are of an age.表示類指，表示 “某類”，“一類人或事。 He wants to be a doctor.表示泛指，相當于 “ any 。 A horse is a useful animal.與序數(shù)詞連用，表示 “又一，再一。 a second foreign language.(7)與 抽象名詞 連用，可以表示“一場、一次、一件”用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前a success(具體化)成功的人或事 a pity 可惜或遺憾的事(8)與 物質(zhì)名詞 連用，表示“一種，一陣、一份

3、。 What a heavy rain! What a good supper!(9)用于 不可數(shù)名詞前，表示某一部分，或某一方面的內(nèi)容介紹。China with a long history and a population of over 1.3 billion is a developing country.(10)用于 人名前，或?qū)Ｓ忻~前 ，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事一Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here.(11) 用于 so(as, to

4、o, how)+ 形容詞之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.12)用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such13)用于動詞短語中，表示短暫性的動作have a look /walk / break / try / bathgive a whistle / laugh / smile / shout之后This room i s rather a big onetake a rest / walk / break / bathmake a choice / decision / plan /

5、study用于同源賓語前dream a good dream / smile a sweet smile / live a happy lifeonce upon a time, in a hurry用于固定詞組中a couple of, a bit, a great of , a lot of ,(16)習慣用法，可構(gòu)成與時間、數(shù)量、方式、有關(guān)的短語1、不定冠詞用法A.不定冠詞基本用法不定冠詞基本用法（2種情況）例子1、表示類別，指某一類人或物中的一個二any,但比any要弱e.g. Her uncle is an engineer.2、指量：意思上相當于one,但比one要弱,意為“一個”

6、，“每一個”e.g. I have an English book.three times a day.B.不定冠詞的其他用法（8種情況）不定冠詞的其他用法（8種情況）例子1、用在某些物質(zhì)名詞前，表示”種，陣，場 ”e.g. What a heavy rain!2、抽象名詞具體化.表個具體的人或物.可用不定冠e.g. Yang Ming is a success.e.g. Can you give me a second chance?3、序數(shù)詞前常加 the,但表示“又一個”時，則用不定冠詞a（n）e.g. a peaceful world4、表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前一般加前常定冠詞

7、the ： 如果名詞前有青飾語. 也，可能用不定冠詞a(n)a full moon5、表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、一日三餐的名詞前一般不We had a cold winter last year.e.g. We had a wonderful supper.加冠詞；如果名詞前有修飾語，也可能用不定冠詞a（n）6、用在a.表示“某一個”一個名叫、的人”e.g. A Mr Wangb.表示與之相似的人、事或物e.g. a Kong Fanshenc.表示民族、社團、家庭的一員或某人的作品之一e.g. A Han/ a Miao7、與形搭配a.不定冠詞 +形容詞比較級 +可數(shù)名詞單 e.g. This

8、bookis too dear for me. I want to look at數(shù)，表示“更、的”cheaper one.b.不定冠詞+形容詞最高級，表示 “非常e.g. a most useful book (一本非常有用的書 )8、用在某些固定詞組中e.g. once upon a timea bit (of)in a moment9.相同的”Birds of a feather flock together.The two boys are of an age.10.用于同源賓語中Smile a forced smilesleep a sound sleepDream a sweet

9、dream11:表動作意義的名詞前表have a tryhave/take a breaktake/have a bath示短暫、一次性的動作give a shouttake a walk考點二戈祠的用法(1)用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean(2)表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事前Would you mind opening the door?(3)用于演奏西洋樂器前Play the violin, play the guitar(4)用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living,

10、the wounded(5)表示“一家人”或“夫婦”(對比上文的不定冠詞用彷一Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please?一Sorry, we don t haveJohnson here in the village.(6)與比較級和最高級連用比較級 + and + 比較級表示“越來越？ The harder he works, the happier he feels.表示兩者間“較,的一個”比較級前加the。 Who is the older of the tow boys?三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用“the +最高級”

11、的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。(對比上文的不定冠詞用法6)Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.(7)用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞He hit me on the shoulder.(8)用于表示度量單位的名詞前by the hour / weight /pound / dozen / foot/ day /week / month(9)用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞He patted me on the shoulder.(10)在逢十的復數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某個年代in the 1990飛(十世紀九十年代).(11)用于國家、黨派、宗教

12、以及江河湖海，山川群島、 報刊的名詞前 the Communist Party of China(12)用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前.The compass was invented in China.(13)用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示一類人或物。In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.(14)固定或習慣用法in the morning ; in the evening; in the field ; in the country ; in the sun ; in the di

13、stance; on theright; by the way; in the daytime; go to the concert; at the beginning ; all the year round; all thetime ; all the year around ; at the age of ; at the same of ; in the middle of ; at the top of ;all the best ; break the law ; in the habit of ; at the back of ; at the top of one s voic

14、e;注意：短語前不加定冠詞： at dawn 在黎明 at night 在晚上 at no0n 在正午 at dusk 在黃昏(15)用于集體名詞前，表示某個集體中的全部。(對比上文的不定冠詞用法9)The students in our class are eager to know the secret.2定冠詞的用法A.定冠詞基本用法定冠詞基本用法（2種情況）1、 A,雙方都知道的人或事和第二次出現(xiàn)的人和事物特b.指獨一無二的自然現(xiàn)象、事物等，也用于表示方指 位、左右的名詞之前e.g. Don t beat the dog.e.g. the earth/ in the eastthe s

15、ky the air the earthp用于形容詞最高級前面；“最”卜示特指的比較級前,較、的一個用干序數(shù)詞前,寺示第幾個e.g. the best friend of mine.the better of the two books.the third month of the year.2、類 a.置于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示一類事物的總體概念e.g. The lion is found in Africa.指b.+形容詞，表示一類人或事物e.g. the young, the old,the BritishB.定冠詞的其他用法（9種情況）定冠詞的其他用法（_9種情況）1、在樂器、藝術(shù)、文娛

16、活動的名詞必須用定冠詞2、用在報刊、雜志、年代、朝代、時代等名詞前3、由普通名詞和其他名詞一起構(gòu)成的專有名詞，前加定冠詞；用于某些表示江、河、海、海灣、島、山、國家、地區(qū)、組織機構(gòu)、建筑物、報刊等專有名詞前。UOe.g. the guitar go to the cinemae.g. the Readers Digest; the TangstyDynae.g. the Chinese People Liberations Army; the PacificOcean , the Great Wall,the West Lake, the Philippines,the Gulf of Mex

17、ico, the Taiwan Straits4、用于only （唯一）,same （相同）,very （恰好）等形容詞所修飾的名詞前e.g. This is the very book I wanted.5、用在某些介詞詞組中，指代句中與賓語有關(guān)的身體的一部分6、用于復數(shù)的姓氏前，表示夫婦二人或全家人cut himself in the handhit myself on the head.The Smiths areTV now.7、用在“by+the+ 計量單位名詞 e.g. I have hired the car by the hour.8、用于帶有限定詞修飾的名詞前，表示特定人或事

18、物e.g. the history of Chinathe joy of my life.9、用在某些固定詞組中e.g. on the other handby thel wayon the airin the darknesson the weekend-in the past10、特指意義的物質(zhì)名詞前要加定冠詞How do you like the tea?The air in mountainous areas is nearly free of pollution.husbandand wife,(p)有同前有| this!my,knife and fork,some,eachsuch

19、之前day and night ; face to face ; day after day ;等限制sUchl市卡勺名詞不用冠詞No suvillagenever、eveNever did student study so hard.1)季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前(2)表示獨一無二的職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前(3)表示球類，棋類、學科、語言前等運動的名詞前(4)與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前(5)以and 甘的兩個相對單位用同詞并用時1 12)羽動詞代前不用冠詞The young girl has turned writer.詞前上若指不同的人要分別加冠詞。a workriterWo

20、er pnd a writer一個工人和一個作家14形容詞的信第匆前、二,it解時，前面不用定冠詞。s most beautiful.人形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。ShisheallelSt. school爭詞最高司所彳司所彳，色冠詞。“又一，再一 ”之意注習慣用first 虐He often gets a first in math.at best （） at bottoml （ R 實際上）at cOst （按成本）at least at most at breakfastat university at dark at downat dinner at first at ease at fa

21、ultat first glance do harm toat first handat first thoughat first view at full lengthat college catch sight ofdo good toask for advice ask for helpask for trouble catch firecome back to life come into powerHorses are useful animals.as she is, she knows a lot of French.有些短語不用冠詞和用冠詞的不同意義，卸Erl Ivy腌唧網(wǎng)I

22、II H* in case原4后尸管Iin charge of 負責，管理in office 執(zhí)政in sight(of)看見go to sea 去當水手out of question 毫無疑問take advice 征求意見go to church 去做禮拜in prison 坐牢in future 今后，往后in hospital 住院(因病)in front of 在前面，指某物體之外at table在吃飯out of question 毫無疑問take place 發(fā)生have a word with 和某人談話go to bed 上床睡覺注意：地點名詞表示地點時，其前用定冠詞by t

23、he day 按天計算in the case of 就? 來說in the charge of 由? 負責in the office 在辦公室in the sight(of)在？ 看來go to the sea 至悔邊去out of the question 不可能take the advice 聽從勸告go to the church 去教堂in the prison 在監(jiān)獄in the future 在將來in the hospital在醫(yī)院(工作、參觀等)in the front of在前部，指某物之內(nèi)at the table 在桌子邊out of the question不可能take

24、 the place of 取代have words with sb.和某人吵架go to the bed 朝床邊走去表示在這一地點所發(fā)生的活動時，其前不加冠詞冠詞一般放在名詞之前，名詞之前若有形容詞，冠詞放在形容詞之前。下列情況例外：.不定冠詞用于下列副詞加形容詞之后：as, how, however, so, too 等。He is as good a soldier as he was.不定冠詞置于such, what, many, not, too, much of等之后。.定冠詞通常放在all, both, double, exactly, just等詞之后。.不定冠詞常用于quit

25、e和rather之后，但如果另有形容詞修飾時，不定冠詞既可放在第二位，也可放在第位， 但最常見的仍是第二位。It was quite/rather a cold day.=It was a quite/rather cold day.當名詞前的比較級被no, all , far, much等修飾時也要后置。He is no less a man than the President.定冠詞要放在half, twice, much 等之后。He paid twice the price for it.他花了兩倍的錢買了它。.如果名詞被副詞hardly , scarcely , barely ,

26、exactly所修飾，或和一個形容詞共同修飾時，冠詞要這幾乎是不能做的事放在上述副詞之后、形容詞之前。This is hardly a right thing to do.3、零冠詞的用法零冠詞基本用法（10種情況）例子a.專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞e.g. We must tell friends from enemies.Money isnt everything.Failure is the mother of success.前面（泛指）；表示人名、地名、國名、城市名（非普通名詞）。Trees can help clean the air.Beijing is the

27、capital of China.b.名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制；以及e.g. Our school is not far from here.some, any, no ,each 或 every 等代詞作定語時c.表示季節(jié)、節(jié)日、月份、星期、一日三餐的名詞前e.g. Women s Day, in spring（泛指）常用零冠詞，當談?wù)摼唧w的季節(jié)，日期和中the Spring Festival,國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日時，常用定冠詞。We cant see very far in the dusk.e.g. Man is stronger than woman.d.當man,manki

28、nd 表示人類時，或 man （男人）和 woman （女人）用以代表全體時和word表示“消息”或“通知”時。e.球類、棋類、學科的名詞前e.g. play basketball; play chess.F 用在介詞_at/by 后面走示時間及“ by+交誦T具/誦訊T具e.g. at noon/night; by bus/ traing.表示獨一無二的職位、職務(wù)的轉(zhuǎn)詞用作表語、賓語補足語e.g. We will elect Mr Liu director of our或同位語時h.turn和go作“變成，成為 解時，后面的名詞前不加冠詞factory.e.g He turned teach

29、er after graduation.其表語名詞前不加i.在 as 或 though 引導的讓步狀語從句中,e.g. Student as he is, he knows a lot.冠詞j.由kind of/ sort of/ type of 加名詞時，該名詞前不加冠詞k. and連接的兩個名詞若表示相對應(yīng)身份的人或物，則冠詞常省若表示一個事物具有兩種特征或一個人兼有雙重職位，則and后面的名詞不加冠詞，如果加冠詞則表示兩個人或事物兩個同樣的名詞又弁列連詞或介詞連接表示特定概念時，一般不加冠詞。e.g. I like this kind of car.e.g. day after day,

30、year after year,hand in hand,face to faceday to day heart to heartat a time每次；在同一時間不定冠詞的固定搭配a few, a little, a lot , a couple ofa large number of 許多for a while 一會兒a great deal of 許多a large quantity of 許多as a matter of fact 其實in a sense從某種意義上說make a decision 作出決定at a loss茫然；不知所措have a gift for 對,有天賦k

31、eep an eye on 照看； 注意make a fortune 發(fā)貝才make a promise 許下諾言普通名詞the Cape of Good Hopethe Strait of Gibraltarthe City of New York4.注思：專有名詞前用不定冠詞有兩種可能：表示某姓名的某人或和,相似的人或地方：He wishes to be an Edison.表示某人的作品或某廠家的產(chǎn)品：I have a Van Gogh.我有一幅梵高的畫。雖然a和one都有“一”的意思，但意義不同：可數(shù)名詞表類指時的三種形式the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示一類事物的總體概念；e.g. The

32、bike is every popular in China?a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，側(cè)重類別中的任何一個；e.g. Even a woman can do it.復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，側(cè)重類別中的許多個體；e.g. Do you like horses?more than a year 一年多（不至U兩年） more than one year 不止一年（兩年、三年等）at one time 曾經(jīng)有一次as a rule通常；照例in a minute 立即a large amount of 許多all of a sudden 突然have a word with 與,說句話in a word簡言之；總之

33、make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人do ab. a favor 幫某人一個忙have an effect on 對,有影響make a dive for 向,撲去make a difference 有影響； 起作用pay a visit to 對,進行訪問等等。+of+專有名詞”這類詞組前均需加the :the House of Representativesthe Ministry of Foreign Affairsthe Society of Natural History表接觸或打擊身體某部位時，身體部位名詞前通常加the.在“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+部位”結(jié)構(gòu)中，部位

34、前用 the,而且不能省略。 動詞是 beat, hit, strike, knock,slap, pat等，身體部位是 head, shoulder, back 等時，介詞多為 on （ in多與the face連用）；動詞是catch, grasp, seize, pull, take, lead 等，部位是 hand , collar 等時，介詞多為 by。當English, German等表示某國語言的名詞后出現(xiàn)了language 時，前面的 English, German 就是形容詞了，前必須加定冠詞the。如：the English language除了以現(xiàn)在為基準的時間外，表示一

35、般的時間關(guān)系時，next和last前應(yīng)當加上定冠詞The next train to Hong Kong is at 10:00,下一趟去香港的火車是十點。This maybe the last chance.這可能是最后的機會。Next和the next所表達的時間概念不一樣，如 next Monday指從說話時刻算起“下一個星期一；the next Monday指從過去或?qū)砟硶r算起“下一個星期一”He ll leave here next week. 他下周將離開這里。（以現(xiàn)在為背景）不定冠詞可以用在被形容詞比較級修飾的名詞前，表示“一個更，的 OThe MP4 player is to

36、o expensive for me. I want a cheaper one .這個MP4太貴了，我要一個更便宜一點的。表伴隨動作的“名詞+副詞/介詞短語”作獨立結(jié)構(gòu)時，名詞前不用冠詞of等表示種類的結(jié)構(gòu)后，名詞前不用冠你看起居室用哪種窗簾好？Our teacher came into the classroom , papers in hand. 我們的老師走進了教室， 手里拿著試卷。kind(s)/sort(s)/type(s)/variety/varieties/diversity/diversities詞。 What kind of curtain will you suggest

37、 for a sitting room?表示時間、地點、方式、狀態(tài)的一些短語中不用冠詞。ahead of time 提前by accident 偶然in danger處于危險中in silence 沉默地(無聲地)at first hand 第一手at present 目 前； 現(xiàn)在at hand在手邊；在附近by mistake 錯誤地in place of 代替in surprise 驚奇地at first thought 乍一想by way of 經(jīng)由.at table進餐等by day在白天by radio通過無線電in case of如果萬一in red身穿紅衣服keep house

38、 料理家務(wù)for a moment 一會兒片刻a most非常by sea由海路go to war 交戰(zhàn)in person 親自in place of 代替in sight of 看得見in a way 在某種程度上on earth 至U底on fire著火out of office 下 崗take air傳播；泄漏with child 懷孕in advance 提前in need of 需要in sight 看得見in uniform 穿著制服by means of 借助? 手段in possession of 擁有at first sight 乍一看 ;初看起來on second thou

39、ght(s) 轉(zhuǎn)念一想有些詞組中，具體名詞表抽象意義時就不用冠詞：make beds 制作床make the bed 整理床鋪at the table 在桌子旁by the day按日計by the radio 在收音機旁in the case of 至于in the red虧損，負債keep the house 居家不出for the moment 暫時，目前the most 最by the sea 在海濱go to the war 參軍in the person of以？的資格in the place of 在？的地方in the sight of 從？觀點來看in the way 擋路；

40、礙事on the earth 在地球上on the fire 在準備中out of the office 離開辦公室take the air吸新鮮空氣；兜風with a child帶著孩子【2011湖北】It is generally accepted thatboy must learn to stand up and fight likeman.A.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.a;不填【2011全國卷II,16 As he reachedfront door, Jack sawstrange sight.A. the;不填B. a; theC.不填aD. the; a【

41、2011山東卷,21】Take your time - it s just hosrt distance from here torestaurant.A.不填；the【2011浙江卷A.the ;不填5【2011四川卷B. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a,2 Experts think thatrecently discovered painting may bePicsso.B. a ;theC. a ;不填D. the; a,18】 Dr.Peter Spencerheadmaster of the school, told us,“fifth ofA.不填；Apupils

42、here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.B.不填；TheC.the; TheD.a; A6【2011 重慶卷，26】 In communication, a smile is usually strong sign of a friendlyandopen attitude.A. the, /B. a, anC. a, /D. the, an7【2011 陜西卷，13】 As is known to all, People Republics of China is biggest developing country in the world.

43、812011江西卷22】A. the ;不填 B.不填 ；the C. the ; the D.不填；不填week.It s said John will be in a job paying over $ 60,000 year.A. the; the B. a; theRight, he will also get paid byC. the; aD.a; a9 【10 福建】It s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives thempleasure. A.不填,a B. a,不填C. the

44、, a D. a, the10【10 山東】If we sit near front of the bus, we ll have better view.A.不填； the B.不填；a C. the; aD. the ; the11 【10 江蘇】 The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that people from all walks of lifeare working hard for new Jiangsu.A.不填； a B.不填；the C. the ; a D. the ; the12【10 遼寧】 Ther

45、e are over 58, 000 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall downonto earth.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the;不填D. a; the13【10 北京】 First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get second chance to makefirst impression.A. a; theB. the; theC. a; aD. the; a【10 重慶】 Everything comes w

46、ithprice; there is no suchthing as free lunch in the world.A. a, a B. the, / -C4he, a D. a, /【10 浙江】 Many lifestyle patterns do suchgreat harm to health that they actually speed upweakening of the human body.A. a; /B./; theC用heD./;/ 一16【10 四川】 In most countries, a university degree can give youflyin

47、g start in life.A. the; aB. the;不填C.不填；不填D.不填；a17【09 安徽】 We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; aD. the; the18 【09 北京】 The biggest whale is blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters long- theheight of 9-story building.A. the; the B. a; a C. a;

48、the D. the; a19【09 江西】 Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in weatheraround the world.A. /; theB. the; /C. an; theD. the; awhile.20【09 海南 Let s go to cinema-that ll take your mind off the problem forA. the; theB. the; aC. a; theD. a ; a21【09 陜西】 What pity that you couldn t be

49、 there to receive prize!A. a; a B. the; aC. a; the D. the; the 22 【09 四II】 In order to find better job, he decided to study second foreign language.A. the; a B. a; a C. the; theD. a; the23【09 浙江】I don t understand what the engineer means, but I ve got rough idea of proplan. A. the; aB.不填；theC. the;不

50、填D. a; thebecome24【09 重慶】 Washing machines made by China have wonworldwide attention and Haier haspopular name.a; the/; a/; thethe; a25109全國II What I need isbook that containsABC of oil painting.A. a;不填the; 不填the; ana; the26【湖南】Have you heard news ? The piece of petrol is going up again!A. the, the

51、B.不填,the C. the,不填 D.不填, 不填27【江蘇】We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D.不填；不填28【山東】 Students should be encouraged to use Internet as resource.A.不填；aB.不填；the C. the; theD. the; a29【江西】 一 I am so sorry to have come late for the m

52、eeting.-It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. /; /D. /; a30【遼寧】My neighbor asked me to go for walk, but I don t think I ve got energy.A. a;不填B. the;theC.不填； the D. a;the31 【全國 II1 It s not goodidea to drive for four hourswit

53、hout break.A. a ; aB. the ; aC. the ; the D. a ; thecc 什g.I atesandwich while I was waiting for20:08 train.32【陜西】 -A. the, aB. the, theC. a, the D. a, a33 【四JI】 In the United States, there is always flow of people to areas of country where morejobs can be found.A. a; theB. the ; aC. the; theD. a; a3

54、4【浙江】 apple fell from the tree and hit him on head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An;不填 D. The; 不填35【重慶】In many places in China,bicycle is stillpopular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the 36【全國 II Could you tell me the way to Johnsons, please一Sorry, we don t have Johnson here in the v