飛機(jī)雷擊檢查教案

1、飛機(jī)雷擊檢查標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序雷擊和尖端放電首先介紹下雷電的能量，雷電電流平均約為20 000A甚至更大，雷電電壓大約是10的10次方伏人體平安電壓為36伏，一次雷電的時(shí)候大約為千分之一秒，平均一次雷電發(fā)出的功率達(dá)200億千瓦一般電飯鍋的功率低于1000瓦。飛機(jī)在雷電中穿行 飛機(jī)在飛行中也有可能遇到雷擊，但是飛機(jī)沒(méi)有方法裝接地的避雷針等工具，那么是不是高空高能閃電會(huì)造成飛機(jī)的嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷呢？乘坐飛機(jī)的人不用擔(dān)憂這個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)轱w機(jī)機(jī)身是由金屬構(gòu)成的，在飛機(jī)外殼遭受雷擊時(shí)，高能的電荷會(huì)均勻移動(dòng)到互斥力最小的金屬外殼外表，而機(jī)身內(nèi)部就不會(huì)有電荷，因此內(nèi)部的電場(chǎng)為零。 盡管如此，遭遇雷擊的飛機(jī)仍可能因?yàn)閺?qiáng)大電流流過(guò)

2、使機(jī)身過(guò)熱而局部變形或熔毀，電流形成的磁場(chǎng)也會(huì)影響機(jī)上的電子設(shè)備，對(duì)飛行平安有一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，為了降低雷擊的危害，飛機(jī)機(jī)翼的端部會(huì)安裝放電刷，稱為尖端放電原理，釋放機(jī)殼和空氣摩擦產(chǎn)生的靜電，金屬的尖端容易吸引電荷，也容易釋放電荷，當(dāng)機(jī)殼的電荷由于釋放而減少的時(shí)候，就能夠大大的降低雷擊強(qiáng)度，也就能減緩飛機(jī)遭受雷擊的傷害。也就是說(shuō)靜電刷和避雷針不同，它的主要目的使釋放電荷以降低雷擊強(qiáng)度。 放電刷是利用尖端放電原理工作的。尖端放電就是導(dǎo)體尖端的電荷特別密集，尖端附近的電場(chǎng)特別強(qiáng)，就會(huì)發(fā)生把電放掉，強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)作用下，物體鋒利局部發(fā)生的一種放電現(xiàn)象,他屬于一種電暈放電。他的原理是物體鋒利處曲率大，電力線密集，因

3、而電勢(shì)梯度大，致使其附近局部氣體被擊穿而發(fā)生放電。如果物體尖端在暗處或放電特別強(qiáng)烈，這時(shí)往往可以看到它周圍有淺藍(lán)色的光暈 . 通常情況下，空氣是不導(dǎo)電的，但是如果電場(chǎng)特別強(qiáng)，空氣分子中的正負(fù)電荷受到方向相反的強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)力，有可能被“撕開(kāi)，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象叫做空氣的電離。由于電離后的空氣中有了可以自由移動(dòng)的電荷，空氣就可以導(dǎo)電了，空氣電離后產(chǎn)生的負(fù)電荷就是負(fù)離子，失去原子的電荷帶正電，叫做正離子。 導(dǎo)體對(duì)孤立導(dǎo)體外表有電荷堆積時(shí)，電荷密度與導(dǎo)體外表的形狀有關(guān)。在凹的部位電荷密度接近零，在平緩的部位小，在尖的部位最大。當(dāng)電荷密度到達(dá)一定的量值后，電荷產(chǎn)生的電場(chǎng)會(huì)很大，以至于把空氣擊穿電離，空氣中的與導(dǎo)體帶電相

4、反的離子會(huì)與導(dǎo)體的電荷中和，出現(xiàn)放電火花，并能聽(tīng)到放電聲。 如高壓線有輪廓的地方，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)尖端放電。由于接到電源上，它一邊放電，一邊不停的提供放電需要的電荷，這種放電會(huì)持續(xù)下去。 避雷針是另外一個(gè)好的例子。高大建筑物上安裝避雷針，當(dāng)帶電云層靠近建筑物時(shí)，建筑物會(huì)感應(yīng)上與云層相反的電荷，這些電荷會(huì)聚集到避雷針的尖端，到達(dá)一定的值后便開(kāi)始放電，這樣不停的將建筑物上的電荷中和掉，永遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到會(huì)使建筑物遭到損壞的強(qiáng)烈放電所需要的電荷。雷電的實(shí)質(zhì)是2個(gè)帶電體間的強(qiáng)烈的放電，在放電的過(guò)程中有巨大的能量放出。建筑物的另外一端與大地相連，與云層相同的電荷就流入大地。顯然，要是避雷針起作用，必須保證尖端的鋒利和接

5、地通路的良好，一個(gè)接地通路損壞的避雷針將使建筑物遭受更大的損失。在強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)作用下，物體外表曲率大的地方(如鋒利、細(xì)小物的頂端)，等電位面密，電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度劇增，致使它附近的空氣被電離而產(chǎn)生氣體放電，此現(xiàn)象稱電暈放電。尖端放電為電暈放電的一種，專指尖端附近空氣電離而產(chǎn)生氣體放電的現(xiàn)象。故要觀察尖端放電的現(xiàn)象，除了要有足夠高的電壓外，還必須有適當(dāng)?shù)男螤钆浜?，才容易做到?在導(dǎo)體的帶電量及其周圍環(huán)境相同情況下,導(dǎo)體尖端越尖,尖端效應(yīng)越明顯。這是因?yàn)榧舛嗽郊?曲率越小,面電荷密度越高,其附近場(chǎng)強(qiáng)也就越強(qiáng)。在同一導(dǎo)體上，與曲率小的部位相比，曲率大的部位就是尖端。因此,設(shè)備的邊.棱.角相對(duì)于平滑外表,管道的噴嘴相

6、對(duì)于管線，細(xì)導(dǎo)線相對(duì)于粗導(dǎo)線,人的手指相對(duì)于背部等等,前者都可認(rèn)為是尖端,都容易產(chǎn)生尖端效應(yīng)。而且,即使帶電體沒(méi)有尖端，而與之相鄰近的接地導(dǎo)體具有尖端，它們之間也會(huì)產(chǎn)生尖端效應(yīng)。此時(shí),由于靜電感應(yīng),在接地體的尖端處會(huì)感應(yīng)出異性電荷,并容易與帶電體之間發(fā)生放電。 尖端放電的形式主要有電暈放電和火花放電兩種。在導(dǎo)體帶電量較小而尖端又較尖時(shí),尖端放電多為電暈型放電。這種放電只在尖端附近局部區(qū)域內(nèi)進(jìn)行,使這局部區(qū)域的空氣電離,并伴有微弱的熒光和嘶嘶聲。因放電能量較小,這種放電一般不會(huì)成為易燃易爆物品的引火源,但可引起其它危害。在導(dǎo)體帶電量較大電位較高時(shí),尖端放電多為火花型放電。這種放電伴有強(qiáng)烈的發(fā)光和

7、破壞聲響,其電離區(qū)域由尖端擴(kuò)展至接地體(或放電體),在兩者之間形成放電通道。由于這種放電的能量較大,所以其引燃引爆及引起人體電擊的危險(xiǎn)性較大。 火花型尖端放電隨兩極間距的減小而更易發(fā)生。這可由擊穿電壓隨極間距離的減小而下降來(lái)說(shuō)明。 尖端放電的發(fā)生還與周圍環(huán)境情況有關(guān)。環(huán)境溫度越高越容易放電。因?yàn)闇囟仍礁?，電子和離子的動(dòng)能越大,就更容易發(fā)生電離。另外,環(huán)境濕度越低越容易放電。圍為濕度高時(shí)空氣中水分子增多,電子與水分子碰撞時(shí)機(jī)增多,碰后形成活動(dòng)能力很差的負(fù)離子,使碰撞能量減弱。再者，氣壓越低越容易放電。因?yàn)闅鈮涸降蜌怏w分子間距越大,電子或離子的平均自由程越大,加速時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),動(dòng)能越大,更容易發(fā)生碰撞

8、電離。后緣襟翼雷擊燒傷圖示貨艙門下部雷擊點(diǎn)有凹坑飛行中的飛機(jī)遇到雷擊場(chǎng)景風(fēng)扇包皮遭雷擊穿孔進(jìn)口圖概述After the airplane is struck by lightning, a general inspection of the airplane is done to find the areas of the strike.飛機(jī)遭雷擊后，檢查飛機(jī)，找到雷擊區(qū) There are always at least two strike points at different areas of the airplane surface;(a) an entrance point, an

9、d(b) an exit point.至少有兩個(gè)雷擊點(diǎn)在飛機(jī)外表區(qū)域：一個(gè)進(jìn)入點(diǎn)，一個(gè)穿出點(diǎn) A careful inspection of the strike area is done to find the type and quantity of damage which has occurred.仔細(xì)檢查雷擊區(qū)域，確定損傷發(fā)生的類型和數(shù)量 經(jīng)常被誤判的雷擊點(diǎn)圖示The basic protection for fuel and for critical electronic systems is the metal fuselage and wing structure.金屬機(jī)身和機(jī)

10、翼結(jié)構(gòu)是燃油和關(guān)鍵電子設(shè)備的根本保護(hù) (a) Necessary protection is also supplied for the non-metal structure by aluminum mesh (the rudder has a picture frame configuration).也必須用鋁制的網(wǎng)給非金屬結(jié)構(gòu)提供必要的保護(hù)方向舵有一層構(gòu)型(b) The external structure prevents fuel ignition and electrical/electronic system damage.外部結(jié)構(gòu)防止點(diǎn)著燃油和損傷電子電氣設(shè)備(c) Criti

11、cal electronic systems also rely on wire shields and proper shield terminations for indirect effects protection.關(guān)鍵的電氣設(shè)備也要依靠電線的屏蔽和適當(dāng)?shù)钠帘谓K端來(lái)間接保護(hù) When lightning initially strikes on the forward fuselage or engine nacelles, it will usually move rearward over the fuselage surface or over the wing surface.

12、當(dāng)雷電最初擊到前機(jī)身或者發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)短艙，它通常移動(dòng)到后機(jī)身外表或者機(jī)翼外表 On the wing surface, the lightning will move aft of the nacelle or aft of the extended ends of the leading edge slats.在機(jī)翼外表，雷電會(huì)移動(dòng)到短艙或者前緣縫翼伸出的末端When lightning initially strikes the aft area of the empennage or wing surface, it will stay there until the lightning cu

13、rrent stops.當(dāng)雷電最初擊到尾部或者機(jī)翼外表的后面區(qū)域，它會(huì)停留直到雷擊結(jié)束Lightning strike entrance and exit points are usually found in Zone 1, but can also occur in Zone2 and 3雷擊進(jìn)入點(diǎn)和穿出點(diǎn)通常在區(qū)域1發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是也會(huì)在區(qū)域2和區(qū)域3發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)遭遇雷擊的區(qū)域分布雷擊的進(jìn)口和出口示意圖A lightning strike usually attaches to the airplane in Zone 1 and goes out a different location in

14、Zone 1. The external components most likely to be hit are listed below (Figure 201):雷電通常擊中飛機(jī)的區(qū)域1并在區(qū)域1的不同位置穿出。容易被擊中的外部部件如下；(a) wing leading edge,機(jī)翼前緣(b) wing trailing edge,機(jī)翼后緣(c) wingtips,翼尖(d) engines,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)(e) vertical fin tip,垂尾尖端(f) horizontal stabilizer tips,水平安定面尖端(g) elevators,升降舵(h) nose radome

15、,前鼻雷達(dá)屏蔽器(i) APU. 輔助動(dòng)力裝置The areas that initial lightning strike do not normally occur are as follows:內(nèi)部雷擊區(qū)通常不會(huì)在以下區(qū)域：(a) the drain masts排水口(b) the pitot probes皮托管(c) the blade antennas刀型天線(d) the extended ends of leading edge slats前緣縫翼伸出末端(e) the trailing edge flap track fairing tips后緣襟翼導(dǎo)軌尖端(f) the la

16、nding gear.起落架Lightning strikes can cause two types of damage:雷擊會(huì)引起兩種類型的損傷：(a) Direct Damage :直接損傷1) Metallic surfaces are burned, melted or show signs of metal distortion.金屬外表燒焦或者金屬變形的跡象2) Non-metallic surfaces are burned, punctured or delaminated.非金屬外表燒焦或者穿孔、分層翼尖外表被燒焦變色圖示(b) Indirect Damage is ide

17、ntified as damaged or upset electrical/electronic systems equipment, wire shielding and shield terminations. This is caused by large electrical transients on the wiring非直接損傷是干擾電子電氣系統(tǒng)設(shè)備，線路屏蔽，屏蔽終端。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致瞬間有大量的電在電線上Direct damage on metal structures will usually show as small circular melt marks approxima

18、tely 1/8 inch in diameter.金屬外表的直接損傷通常是一個(gè)直徑大約1/8英寸的小圓熔化標(biāo)志NOTE: The melt marks can be in a small area.提示：熔化的標(biāo)志是在一個(gè)小區(qū)域里面(a) On a trailing edge surface, the melt marks can be along a larger surface area.在后緣外表，熔化標(biāo)志會(huì)是一個(gè)大的外表區(qū)域遭遇雷擊后局部金屬被燒熔(b) Holes with a 1/4 inch diameter or greater are possible if a high

19、intensity lightning strike occurs.如果有更劇烈的雷擊發(fā)生，可能會(huì)形成直徑1/4英寸或者更大的小孔(c) Other signs of direct damage might be burned or discolored skins and fasteners.其它直接損傷的形式是外表和緊固件燒焦和掉漆(d) Cases have occurred where ferrous components have become strongly magnetic because of heavy lightning currents that are nearby.

20、周圍有強(qiáng)雷電可能會(huì)引起鐵制部件的強(qiáng)磁化機(jī)身上部被嚴(yán)重?zé)齻麍D示High intensity lightning strikes can cause problems to the electrical/electronic equipment.劇烈的雷擊可能會(huì)引起電子電氣部件出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題NOTE: While the electrical system is protected from a possibility of direct lightning strike to electrical/electronic wires and cables, damage can occur. A hig

21、h intensity lightning strike can produce electromagnetic fields within the unpressurized areas that are large enough to cause possible damage to the electrical system components.提示：可能受到直接雷擊的電線電纜保護(hù)的電氣系統(tǒng)是會(huì)有損傷的，劇烈的雷擊會(huì)在增壓區(qū)產(chǎn)生足夠強(qiáng)大的磁場(chǎng)從而引起電氣部件的損傷。(a) Specifically, problems to components which are located ex

22、ternal to the pressurized fuselage.位于增壓機(jī)體外部的部件特別容易出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題(b) Wire shielding may also be disturbed or degraded電線屏蔽可能會(huì)被擾亂或者失效Frequently, a lightning strike is referred to as a static discharge.雷擊經(jīng)常涉及靜態(tài)放電。NOTE: This incorrect reference sometimes causes confusion about the purpose of static dischargers (sm

23、all rod devices) installed on the tips and trailing edges of airfoils. These devices do not prevent the lightning strikes on the airplane.提示：有錯(cuò)誤的理解裝在翼尖和機(jī)翼后緣的靜電放電裝置的功能，這些裝置并不能防止雷電擊中飛機(jī)。(a) The primary function of the static dischargers is to bleed off the static charge on theairplane.放電刷的主要作用是放掉機(jī)體的靜電1

24、) This is to prevent static radio interference in the airplane avionics receivers (eg, VHF Comm, ADF, and VOR).這是防止無(wú)線電干預(yù)飛機(jī)的電子接受機(jī)2) The static dischargers are frequently hit and damaged by lightning. Some of them are installed at a specified point as protection to a light or other system component. T

25、his is an added function beyond their normal function of static bleed off放電刷經(jīng)常被雷電擊中并損傷。局部放電刷安裝在特別的區(qū)域以保護(hù)燈或者其它系統(tǒng)部件。這是在它放電的主要功能之外增加的功能。Lightning strike to the vertical stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer or empennage can cause damage to aluminum hydraulic tubing joints and fluid leakage at the damaged jo

26、ints在水平安定面，垂直安定面，尾部的雷擊會(huì)引起鋁制液壓管接頭的損壞和損壞接頭處的油液滲漏 外部區(qū)域外表雷擊檢查 1Examine the Zone 1 (Figure 201) surface areas for signs of a lightning strike damage.檢查區(qū)域1外表確定雷擊損傷跡象(a) Zone 1 includes these areas:區(qū)域1包括以下區(qū)域：1) Wing Leading Edge機(jī)翼前緣2) Wing Trailing Edge機(jī)翼后緣3) Wingtips翼尖4) Engines發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)5) Vertical Fin Tip垂尾尖端6

27、) Horizontal Stabilizer Tips水平安定面尖端7) Elevators升降舵8) Nose Radome前鼻雷達(dá)屏蔽器9) APU bDo the examination that follows:做如下檢查：1) Examine the external surfaces carefully to find the entrance and exit points of lightning strike.仔細(xì)檢查雷擊外表區(qū)域找到雷擊進(jìn)入點(diǎn)和穿出點(diǎn)2) Make sure to look in the areas where one surface stops and

28、another surface starts.確保檢查到一個(gè)外表結(jié)束和另一個(gè)外表開(kāi)始的區(qū)域3) Examine the internal and external surfaces of the nose radome for burns, punctures, and pin holes in the composite honeycomb sandwich structure.檢查前鼻雷達(dá)屏蔽器外部和內(nèi)部外表的符合蜂窩夾心結(jié)構(gòu)，找燒焦，穿孔，小孔雷達(dá)罩遭受雷擊圖示雷達(dá)罩被雷擊燒傷圖示雷擊的進(jìn)口和出口示意圖4) Examine the metallic structure for holes

29、, pits, burned or discolored skin and rivets.檢查金屬結(jié)構(gòu)外表和鉚釘?shù)男】?，深坑，燒焦和掉?) Examine the external surfaces of the composite components for discolored paint, burned, punctured, or delaminated skin plies in the honeycomb sandwich structure.檢查蜂窩夾心結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合材料外外表掉漆，燒焦，刻點(diǎn)或者是分層6) You need to use instrumental NDI meth

30、ods or tap tests to find composite structure damage you cannot see.你需要用儀器檢查的方法或者是輕敲檢查來(lái)找到看不見(jiàn)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)損傷風(fēng)扇包皮雷擊出口圖示螺釘被雷擊外表變色圖示NOTE: Damage you cannot see, such as delamination, can extend to the area you can see. Delamination can be detected by instrumental NDI methods or by a tap test.有些損傷，如分層，是看不見(jiàn)的，會(huì)擴(kuò)展到看

31、得見(jiàn)的區(qū)域?？梢杂脙x器通過(guò)無(wú)損檢測(cè)的方法探測(cè)或者是敲擊測(cè)試。For a tap test, use a solid metal disk and tap the area adjacent to the damaged area lightly. If there is delamination, you will hear a sound that is different than the sound of a solid bonded area. Refer to Nondestructive Test Manual.用固體金屬圓盤輕敲損傷區(qū)域臨近的地方。如果有分層，你就會(huì)聽(tīng)到跟實(shí)心區(qū)不

32、同的聲音?？梢詤⒖紵o(wú)損檢測(cè)手冊(cè)。CAUTION: MAKE SURE TO SEAL OR REPAIR ALL DAMAGE. FAILURE TO SEAL OR REPAIR DAMAGE CAN CAUSE MORE INTERNAL DAMAGE BECAUSE MOISTURE CAN GET IN.注意：確保用蜂膠封住或者修復(fù)所有損傷區(qū)域。密封不良或者是修復(fù)不好就會(huì)因?yàn)槌睗竦目諝膺M(jìn)入導(dǎo)致更多的內(nèi)部損傷。(2) Repair or seal the damaged areas.修復(fù)或密封損傷區(qū)域(3) Examine the Zone 2 (Figure 201)surface a

33、reas for signs of lightning strike damage.檢查區(qū)域2外表確定雷擊損傷跡象(a) Examine the Angle of Attack (AOA) sensors.檢查迎角傳感器(b) Examine the pitot probes, static ports, and the areas around them for damage. Look for burns, punctures, discolored paint, and general skin distortion.檢查迎角傳感器，檢查皮托管，靜壓孔，和他們周圍的區(qū)域，找到損傷。確定燒

34、焦，穿孔，掉漆和外表變形1) If damage is found, refer to SRM 51-10-03.如果發(fā)現(xiàn)，按SRM51-10-03處理(c) Examine the metal structure for holes or pits.檢查金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的孔和凹坑1) Look for burned or discolored skin or rivets找到外表和鉚釘?shù)臒够虻羝?d) Examine external surfaces of composite honeycomb sandwich components.檢查復(fù)合蜂窩夾心部件外表1) Look for discol

35、ored paint, and burned, punctured, or delaminated skin plies.找到掉漆，燒焦，刻點(diǎn)，外表分層(e) You need to use instrumental NDI methods or tap tests to find composite structure damage you cannot see你需要用儀器檢查的方法或者是輕敲檢查來(lái)找到看不見(jiàn)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)損傷機(jī)身下部雷擊點(diǎn)圖示(4) Repair or seal the damaged areas.修復(fù)或密封損傷區(qū)域(5) If the entrance and exit po

36、ints are not found during the examination of Zones 1 and 2 areas, examine Zone 3 (Figure 201) surface areas for signs of lightning strike damage.如果沒(méi)有在區(qū)域1和2發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)入和穿出點(diǎn)，檢查區(qū)域3外表確定雷擊損傷跡象(a) Do the examination that follows:做如下檢查1) Examine the external surfaces carefully to find the entrance and exit points

37、of lightning strike.仔細(xì)檢查外外表區(qū)域找到雷擊進(jìn)入點(diǎn)和穿出點(diǎn)2) Make sure to look in the areas where one surface stops and another surface starts.確保檢查到一個(gè)外表結(jié)束和另一個(gè)外表開(kāi)始的區(qū)域3) Examine the metallic structure for holes, pits, burned or discolored skin and rivets.檢查金屬結(jié)構(gòu)外表和鉚釘?shù)男】祝羁?，燒焦和掉?) Examine the external surfaces of the co

38、mposite components for discolored paint, burned, punctured, or delaminated skin plies.檢查復(fù)合材料部件外外表掉漆，燒焦，刻點(diǎn)或者是分層(6) Examine the composite structure around the area where a lightning strike may have occurred.檢查復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)周圍可能發(fā)生雷擊的區(qū)域(7) Repair or seal the damaged areas.修復(fù)或密封損傷區(qū)域(8) Examine all of the external

39、lights.檢查所有外部的燈(a) Look for these items:找到以下1) broken light assemblies,燈組件損壞2) broken or cracked lenses,透鏡損壞或裂紋3) other visible damage.其它可見(jiàn)損傷(b) If you find damaged lights, do the following:如果在燈上有損傷，按如下步驟處理：1) Examine the following items:檢查以下工程a) The first 3 ft (1 m) of wires from the damaged light

40、in the direction of the circuit breaker.在跳開(kāi)關(guān)方向上來(lái)自損傷的燈的電線前3英尺b) The wires to the circuit breaker.到這個(gè)跳開(kāi)關(guān)的線2) Repair or replace damaged parts as necessary until the light functions properly.如有必要修復(fù)或更換損傷部件直到燈的功能正常3) If the circuit breaker did not trip, then no further inspections for the wiring of the da

41、maged light are required.如果跳開(kāi)關(guān)沒(méi)有跳出，就不需要對(duì)損傷的燈的線路做更深度的檢查4) If the circuit breaker did trip, then locate the source of the anomaly and repair as necessary.如果跳開(kāi)關(guān)跳出，找到異常的原因，如有必要那么修復(fù)(9) Do a test of the lights that follow:做一下的燈光測(cè)試(a) Do this task: Anti-Collision Lights - Operational Test, TASK 33-44-00-71

42、0-801. a 防撞燈操作測(cè)試TASK 33-44-00-710-801(b) Do this task: Emergency Lights - Operational Test, TASK 33-51-00-710-801.b 應(yīng)急燈操作測(cè)試TASK 33-51-00-710-801.(10) Examine the flight controls that follow:做以下飛行控制檢查:(a) If the rudder shows signs of a lightning strike, examine these items for signs of damage:如果方向舵有雷

43、擊跡象顯示，做以下工程的損傷檢查1) The surface hinges.外表鉸鏈2) The bearings.軸承3) The bondings.搭鐵線方向舵后緣遭雷擊分層(b) If the elevators show signs of a lightning strike, examine these items for signs of damage:如果升降舵有雷擊跡象顯示，做以下工程的損傷檢查1) The surface hinges.外表鉸鏈2) The bearings.軸承3) The bondings.搭鐵線升降舵被雷擊燒傷圖示(c) If the ailerons

44、show signs of a lightning strike, examine these items for signs of damage:如果副翼有雷擊跡象顯示，做以下工程的損傷檢查1) The surface hinges.外表鉸鏈2) The bearings.軸承3) The bondings.搭鐵線(d) If no damage is found, do a basic operational check of the flight controls as follows:如果沒(méi)有損傷被發(fā)現(xiàn)，按以下做飛行操縱的根本操作檢查NOTE: If the flight contro

45、ls operate correctly after you do these steps, no more inspections are necessary.提示：如果在進(jìn)行這些測(cè)試的后飛行控制系統(tǒng)工作正常，就不用做其他檢查了1) Move the rudder, control wheel and control column in both directions.操作控制手輪和控制桿，雙向作動(dòng)方向舵2) Make sure there is full travel and the flight controls move freely.確保飛行操縱能自由的全行程作動(dòng)NOTE: Hold

46、 the nose wheel during the rudder check to prevent nose wheel movement. You can hold the nose wheel if you put in the steering lockout pin or remove the torsion link pin提示：檢查方向舵要防止前輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，可插上轉(zhuǎn)彎釋壓銷或拆掉扭力連桿的銷子(11) Do a functional test of the rudder system if it did not operate correctly during the operat

47、ional 如果在上述操作測(cè)試過(guò)程方向舵不能正確操縱，做方向舵的功能測(cè)試:check of the flight controls steps above.檢查飛行操縱系統(tǒng)一下工程(a) Do this task: Rudder Trim System Test, TASK 27-21-00-700-819-001 or Rudder Trim System Test, TASK 27-21-00-700-819-002.方向舵配平系統(tǒng)測(cè)TASK 27-21-00-700-819-001 或 TASK 27-21-00-700-819-002.(b) Do this task: Rudder

48、Pedal Forces Test, TASK 27-21-00-700-816-001 or Rudder Pedal Forces Test, TASK 27-21-00-700-816-002.方向舵腳蹬力的測(cè)試TASK 27-21-00-700-816-001 或TASK 27-21-00-700-816-002.(c) Do this task: Rudder Travel Test, TASK 27-21-00-700-817-001 or Rudder Travel Test, TASK 27-21-00-700-817-002.方向舵行程測(cè)試TASK 27-21-00-700-

49、817-001 或TASK 27-21-00-700-817-002.(d) Do this task: Rudder Centering Test, TASK 27-21-00-700-815-001 or Rudder Centering Test, TASK 27-21-00-700-815-002.方向舵定中測(cè)試TASK 27-21-00-700-815-001 或TASK 27-21-00-700-815-002.(12) Do a functional test of the elevator system if it did not operate correctly in th

50、e tests of the flight controls, as performed in the steps above.如果在上述操作測(cè)試過(guò)程中升降舵不能正確操縱，做升降舵的功能測(cè)試(a) Do this task: Elevator Control Column Override - Operational Test, TASK 27-31-00-710-802.升降舵操縱桿超控的操作測(cè)試TASK 27-31-00-710-802.(b) Do this task: Elevator Tab Control System - Operational Test, TASK 27-31-

51、00-700-815.升降舵調(diào)整片控制系統(tǒng)的操作測(cè)試TASK 27-31-00-700-815.(c) Do this task: Elevator and Elevator Trim Control System - Operational Test, TASK 27-31-00-710-801.升降舵和升降舵配平控制系統(tǒng)的操作測(cè)試TASK 27-31-00-710-801.(13) Do a functional test of the ailerons if they did not operate correctly in the tests the flight controls s

52、teps above.如果在上述操作測(cè)試過(guò)程中副翼不能正確操縱，做副翼的功能測(cè)試(a) Do this task: Aileron Response (Operational) Test, TASK 27-11-00-710-801. SUBTASK 05-51-19-210-005副翼操作測(cè)試TASK 27-11-00-710-801.(14) If the wingtips show signs of a lightning strike, examine the wingtips carefully.如果在翼尖有雷擊跡象，仔細(xì)檢查翼尖區(qū)域(a) Also look carefully a

53、t the fuel vent outlet and surge tanks for signs of damage.仔細(xì)檢查燃油通氣出口和通氣油箱的損傷(15) If the winglets show signs of a lightning strike, do a close visual examination on the winglets.如果翼稍小翼有雷擊的痕跡, 仔細(xì)目視檢查.機(jī)翼尖端被雷擊圖示翼稍小翼雷擊喪失材料圖示大翼翼尖端部被燒焦圖示檢查放電刷 (1) Do the inspections that follow:做以下檢查(a) Make sure the stati

54、c dischargers are attached, installed correctly, and not broken.確保放電刷連接、安裝正確，沒(méi)有損壞(b) Examine the dischargers for the following:按以下檢查放電刷1) Burns.燒焦2) Rough coating.涂層卷曲3) Pitted metal discharger retainers.放電刷保持架的掉快(c) Examine the dischargers for the following:按以下檢查放電刷NOTE: Bent pins must be made stra

55、ight.提示：插針必須是直的1) Broken pins.插針損壞2) Bent pins.插針傾斜3) Blunted tungsten pins.插針鈍化放電刷大翼尖端(d) Look at the discharger for the following:按以下目視檢查放電刷1) Erosion of the discharger coating.放電刷涂層的腐蝕NOTE: The leading edge erosion of the discharger must not extend back more than 1/3 of the width of the discharge

56、r.提示：放電刷前緣腐蝕不能超過(guò)寬度的1/32) Peeling of the tip cup.翼尖杯狀物的剝層Do a resistance test if there is a damaged static discharger, do this task: Static Discharger Resistance Measurement, TASK 23-61-00-760-801.如果發(fā)現(xiàn)放電刷損傷，做電阻測(cè)試 23-61-00-760-801放電刷垂尾檢查電線的外屏蔽層 (1) Do the visual inspections that follow:做以下目視檢查 (a) In

57、the area of the lightning strike entrance and exit points, do a visual check for damage to the wire shield terminations.在雷擊進(jìn)出點(diǎn)的區(qū)域，做電線屏蔽終端損傷的目視檢查 (b) If the flight crew has reported a problem with any system after the lightning strike, do a visual check for damage to wire shield terminations for that

58、 systems wiring.如果在雷擊之后有機(jī)組反響任何系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題， 做系統(tǒng)線路屏蔽終端的目視檢查NOTE: If the lightning strike entrance and exit points can not be identified, then the external wire shield visual check is not required. If there are no wire shield terminations(s) in the area of the lightning strike entrance or exit points, then

59、the external wire shield visual check is not required.提示：如果雷擊進(jìn)入和穿出點(diǎn)難以區(qū)分，就不需要對(duì)外部電線屏蔽層進(jìn)行目視檢查。如果在雷擊進(jìn)入或穿出點(diǎn)沒(méi)有電線屏蔽終端，也不需要對(duì)外部電線屏蔽層進(jìn)行目視檢查。(c) If damage is found at wire shield termination(s), check the full length of the wire bundle.如果在導(dǎo)線屏蔽終端發(fā)現(xiàn)損傷，檢查此導(dǎo)線束的全部(d) Repair any damage found and do an operational ch

60、eck of the system that had the damaged.修復(fù)任何發(fā)現(xiàn)的損傷，之后做損傷系統(tǒng)的操作測(cè)試飛機(jī)內(nèi)部測(cè)試(1) If a lightning strike caused a system malfunction, do a full test of the defective system.如果雷擊造成系統(tǒng)故障，做故障系統(tǒng)的全部測(cè)試 (2) Do a check of the standby magnetic compass system only if the flight crew found a deviation that is more than is