科胡特1期35講28第二十八課

1、第二十八課 自我理想：超責(zé)備和認(rèn)可部分Reviewing: We have been discussing concepts assoted with the newlyroducedstructure, the superego. This structure is part of the ego, but an “upper partbecause it is based onrojection of the censuring and idealized parents, who arebiggern the child, above the child. Thus the “voice

2、 of conscience seems to comefrom above, and one lives “up to ones ideals. The superego contains the ideals,censuring for, and approval.回顧：已經(jīng)新引入的結(jié)構(gòu)超我相關(guān)的概念。這個結(jié)構(gòu)是自一部分，但是是“上位”部分，因為是基于內(nèi)攝責(zé)備和理想化的父母，父母大于兒童、高于兒童。因此“道德的聲音”看上去像來自上面，一個人想要“向上”達(dá)到自己的理想。超我包括理想、責(zé)備和認(rèn)可。 The Ego Ideal自我理想One of the basic psychological

3、conceptssuperego developmentas he did to all oft Freud appd to his new theory ofhis theories wast development isdetermined not only by external forbut also by a certain readiness of the psychicapparatus for specific new developments. An exle is the childs readiness andwillingnessrathern toertain per

4、iod of development to attribute omnipotence to the parentshimselfa phase of increased “educabilityhe child.應(yīng)用到他的新的超我發(fā)展理論的一個心理學(xué)觀念就如他對待他的所有理論那樣是發(fā)展不僅僅取決于外在力量，也取決于心靈的某個新的發(fā)展傾向。一個例子是兒童在某個發(fā)展階段傾向于把全能歸于父母而不是自己一個增加“可教育性”的階段In both the earr period of self-omnipotence (the “ideal ego) and the lateriodof omnipot

5、ence projected to the parents (the “ideal parents), the main ie for thechild is how to deal with his libidinal and aggressive drives. During the earrperiod the omnipotence is oriented toward immediate and complete satisfaction of drives, whereas later the emphasis is on controlling the driveseach pr

6、esumably having survival value for children during those differing periods of development. The childprojects omnipotence to his parents as the ones who are able to control drives. Stilllater, when his idealized image of the perfect parents is lost, the chilpts tothis further frustration by the mecha

7、nism of rerojecting his previously projectedomnipotencehe form of an ego ideal. The ego ideals qualities oferfulness andmoral perfection retain and reflect the omnipotent aspect of the individuals original infantile narcissism. The development of neutralized superego structure is dependent on the pa

8、ssage of the childs narcissism through the parents.在更早的自我全能階段（“理想自我”）和后來的全能投射給父母（“理想化父母”）階段，兒童的主要是如何處理自己的力比多和性驅(qū)力。期的全能階段是被導(dǎo)向立即和完全的驅(qū)力滿足，而在后期強調(diào)的是控制驅(qū)力每種對兒童來說在不同發(fā)展階段都具有生存價值。兒童投射全能給自己的父母作為能控制驅(qū)力的人。再后來，當(dāng)他的理想化的“完美父母”影像失去后，兒童通過將他之前投射的全能再內(nèi)攝形成自我理想的機制來適應(yīng)進(jìn)一步的挫敗。自我理想的力量和道德“完美”的品質(zhì)保持了反應(yīng)了最初的嬰兒自戀的全能方面。中和的超我結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展依賴于這條兒

9、童通過父母的自戀。If the parents demands are reasonable, the childs rerojected narcissism willreturn in a more neutralized and reasonable formn id before. If a parents ownego ideal is made up largely of unneutralized structure, however, then the passage ofthe childs narcissism throught parent will not produc

10、e as much neutralization. Thechilds narcissism will be rerojected in a relatively unmodified form, betraying itsinfantile character by its impatience and by anrighteous mising attitude of self-如果父母的要求是合理的，兒童再內(nèi)攝的自戀會以一種比之前更中和和合理的形式返回。如果父母的自我理想是主要中和結(jié)構(gòu)的，那兒童這條通過父母的自戀會以一種相對未調(diào)和的形式，在無耐心和固執(zhí)的自我正

11、確的完美性的態(tài)度中出它的幼兒特征。The Censuring Part of the Superego超責(zé)備部分Development of the censuring part of the superego exhibits certain parallels with theaforementioned phases of ego ideal development. The three phaseshe development ofthe ego ideal are primary narcissism and omnipotence (the ideal ego), projecte

12、dnarcissism (the ideal parents), and rerojected narcissism (the ego ideal, astructuret retains some features of the precedino phases). The correspondingphaseshe development of the censuring superego are:超責(zé)備部分的發(fā)展是并行于上面的自我理想的發(fā)展階段的。自我理想的三個階段是原始自戀和全能（“理想自我”）、投射的自戀（理想父母）和再內(nèi)攝自戀（自我理想，一個保留了前兩個階段部分特征的結(jié)構(gòu)）。責(zé)備性

13、超相應(yīng)發(fā)展階段是：1. Primary masochismthe initial disition of potentially hostile-aggressiveimpulses, prior to their being focused on an object. As the child begins torecognize the role of the outsideaaining drive balance (wish-fulfillment), the primary masochism is transformedo primary hostility towardthe o

14、utside (the phase of the Purified Pleasure Ego, in which the psyche attemptsto project everything unpleasant to the outer world).1.“原始受虐“最初的潛在敵意-沖動傾向，先于被聚焦于一個客體之前。當(dāng)兒童開始認(rèn)識在管理驅(qū)力平衡(愿望滿足)的”外在“角色后，原始受虐被轉(zhuǎn)化為朝向外的“原始敵意”（“純粹自我”階段，在其中心靈試圖把每個不都投射給外在世界）。2. As the role of the outsidees more distinct, and as the m

15、aenance ofnarcissistic balancees increasingly dependent on being at peace with the nowomnipotent parents, the hostility directed toward themes untenable. Whenprojected to them, the childs hostility reinforhis perception and experience ofparental anger, which greyensifies his fear of committing trans

16、gress.2.當(dāng)“外在”角色變得更區(qū)分，當(dāng)自戀平衡更依賴于與現(xiàn)在的全能父母和平共處，指向父母的敵意變得不能維持。當(dāng)再把敵意投射給他們時，兒童的敵意會強化他的的害怕。3. At the height of the drive-retaliationduring the oedipal period, theprojectivelyensified image of the threatening parents is rerojected andesthe censuring part of the superego. The censuring part of the superego th

17、us containsresidues of the primary masochism, the hostilityt was projected to the parents, andthe actual hostiehavior of the parents toward the child.3.在期的驅(qū)力反擊的頂點，投射的強化的性父母影像被重新內(nèi)攝而成為超責(zé)備部分。驅(qū)力的責(zé)備部分因此包含原始受虐的殘留被投射給父母的敵意和父母實際的敵意行為。Aslehe case of the ego ideal, the self-directed hostility of the superego

18、is more oreutralized, depending on the fate of the projected and rerojected hostility inits passage through the parents. Latent, unneutralized hostilityhe parents appearstoensify the hostile force of the childs censuring superego. Open hostility by theparents, on the other hand, allowseast some rebe

19、llion by the childs ego, sothenot all of the childs hostile feelings are turned inward. Neutralized firmnessparents attitudes towards the childs drives leads to the development of a neutralizedand firm superego.就如在自我理想中，超指向自敵意的被中和化程度依賴于在通過父母過程中投射和再力。另一方內(nèi)攝的敵意運。父母身上的潛伏的、未中和的敵意會強化兒童的責(zé)備性超面，父母意開放、允許兒童自某種

20、程度的從，因此兒童的敵意感受沒有被完全返回。父母對孩子驅(qū)力的中和化的堅決態(tài)度導(dǎo)致兒童的一個中和化和堅決的超發(fā)展。The Approving Part of the Superego超認(rèn)可部分Even parental approval toward the child occurs largelyhe service of curbing drivesand, ach, produfrustration.his case, however, what is rerojected fromthe “parental passage is aitive, approving structure f

21、or controlling drives, incontrast to a negative, punitive structure. Not all approval by parents leads tosmoothly functioning,-free, neutralized structure, however. Approval byparents can run the gamut from poorly neutralized to effectively neutralized response.An exle of relatively unneutralized ap

22、proval by a parent would be an eroticallyseductive attitude toward the child.雖然父母對孩子的認(rèn)可主要用來抑制驅(qū)力，同樣產(chǎn)生挫敗。但在這種情況下，從“父母”內(nèi)攝的是一個控制驅(qū)力的積極和認(rèn)可的結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是一個和懲罰性的結(jié)構(gòu)。但不是所有的父母的認(rèn)可都導(dǎo)致順暢的、無的中和結(jié)構(gòu)。父母的認(rèn)可導(dǎo)致的中和是個光譜，從不充分的中和到有效的中和。相對未中和的認(rèn)可的例子是父母的一個情欲引誘的態(tài)度。The superego, although part of the ego, iually closer to the id in its p

23、rimitiveness,ensity, and emphasis on narcissism and omnipotence. Just as the ego sets up defensivebarriers against id drives, it also erects defenses against superego demands. The latterare often important ies inysisfor exle, the patient who defends himselfagainst experiencing guilt by denying any c

24、onnection bet“accidentally injuring himself afterward.n a transgresand超我，雖然是自一部分，實際上是更接近于本我，在其原始性、強度和對自戀和全能的強調(diào)上。就如自我建起屏障防御本我驅(qū)力，它也對超我要求豎起了防御。后者在分析中經(jīng)常是重要議題例如，患者通過否認(rèn)一個和事后“意外”的自己之間的聯(lián)系來防御自己體驗內(nèi)疚Q uestion: Where among these structures does therutic work in psychoysis takeplace? And if the superego is perma

25、nent and unchangeable, how can treatment beeffective?問題：在精神分析中治療工作發(fā)展在這些結(jié)構(gòu)的哪里？如果超我是效？和不能改變的，治療如何起A nswer: The changes brought about by psychoananlysis are minute but may be decisive.What is free assotion, after all, but the ideal of a “smoothly functioning psyche,free of repressive and other defensive barriers? The “tra