考研系列考研英語閱讀常見一詞多義

1、2013年考研系列一一考研英語閱讀常見一詞多義act, appeal, assume, claim, discipline, fair, figure, feature, issue, noteActn.法案，法令 動作，舉動 節(jié)目，(戲劇的)幕v.行動，產生的效果 擔當 表演，表現，見效(07-01) this success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memori

2、zing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. (名)行為這一成功，連同后來證明的記憶本身不是遺傳決定的研 究，使得埃里克森得出結論，即記憶過程是一種認知練習，而不是 一種本能練習。(07-04) Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.(動)行動如果公司沒有提供適當的信息安全保護措施，那么監(jiān)管人員就會采取行動。(06-01) this turned shopping into a public and democratic a

3、ct.(名)行為這使得購物成為一種大眾的、民主的行為(96-02) The commercial TV channels - ITV and Channel 4 一 were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.(名)法案商業(yè)電視頻道一一ITV和第四頻道一一應撒切爾政府廣播 法案的要求進行商業(yè)化，彼此競爭廣告業(yè)務，降低成本，裁減員工

4、。Appealn.請求，呼吁 上訴 吸引力(appealing:有吸引力的)v.求助，訴求控訴(03-03) Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. (動)上訴如果客戶感到他們

5、被多收費，他們有權上訴到聯邦政府的 陸路運輸局”以爭取價格下調。但這個過程耗財、耗時，并且只有 在真正極端特殊的情況下才有作用。(99-04) NBAC members also indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer.(動詞)呼吁NBAC的成員明確表示，他們呼吁由私人提供資金的研究 人員和機構不要試圖通過人體細胞核轉移去克隆人。Assume /Assumptionv/

6、n:假定，設想采取呈現承擔(05-01) Such behavior is regarded as“all too human ” , with theunderlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.(名)彳段定，彳段設這種行為被看作是人之長情”，其潛在的假定其他動物不 可能具有如此高度發(fā)達的不公平意識。(98-02) What is harder to establish is whether the productivity r

7、evolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. (動)認為商人們自認為的他們所領導的生產力革命是否確有其事， 這一點更加難以確定。(97-02) As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.(名)信念，假定同任何發(fā)達國家一樣，一系列復雜的文化特征

8、，信念和習 俗構成了美國所有社會交往的基礎。Claimv/n:索賠聲稱主張(05-01) If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.（動）宣稱如果你看到一種商品不斷地打廣告，我認為這是最可靠的 證明，即此商品一定與其宣傳名副其實，一定體現良好的價值。（05-04） Equally, in poetry, the highly

9、personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. （動） 主張 同樣的，對于詩歌來說，非常個性化和富有表現力的創(chuàng)作風格 成為了能夠表達真實生動含義的唯一形式。（01-05） A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a d

10、isgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family.（動）主張一次平調傷了我的自尊心，并阻斷了我的事業(yè)發(fā)展，這促 使我放棄自己地位較高的職業(yè)，當然，就像面子掃盡的政府部長那 樣，我也掩飾性地聲稱 我只想與家人更多的呆在一起（00-05） In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. （動）

11、聲稱然而，恰恰是那些受過良好教育的人卻不可思議地聲稱他 們已經放棄了雄心壯志這一理想。（99-01） As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. （名） 索貝音 盡管個人傷害的索賠一如既往地繼續(xù)著，但有些法庭已開始站到被告一方，特別是在處理那些有警示語也無法避免傷害的案 件時。（99-

12、05） He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true.（名）主張他所提出的種種主張是如此不容置疑、如此一致，以至于 不僅他自己相信了，而且也說服了工商界的管理者相信其正確性。Disciplinen.紀律學科n/v.訓練（96-03） The cruel discipline of the strike and

13、lockout taught the two parties to respect each others strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. （名）紀律罷工和封廠的嚴酷懲罰使雙方學會了互相尊重對方的力 量，理解公正談判的價值。（96-04） With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. （名） 訓練 由于有了學校徹底訓練過的頭腦，美國孩子迅速地

14、成為技術熟練的工人。Fairadj.（膚色）白皙的 （頭發(fā)）金黃的 干凈的 公平的 （天氣）晴朗的n.展覽會，市集（07-03） During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties.（形容詞）公平的在過去的十幾年里，美國那些曾經可以依靠辛勤勞動和公 平競

15、爭以維持其收入穩(wěn)定的中產階層家庭被經濟風險和新現實改 變了。（03-02） For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals - no meat, no fur, no medicines. （名）集市例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶站在動

16、物權利宣 傳點前散發(fā)小冊子，規(guī)勸人們不要使用動物制品和動物實驗制品 肉類，毛皮，藥物。Featuren.特色，特征特寫容貌，v.是的特色特寫，突出放映起重要作用(07-02) For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a cbumn called “Ask Marilyn.(動) 特定，突出在過去的幾年，星期日報的增刊漫步專門開設了 一個名為 詢問瑪麗琳”的專欄。(06-04) Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happ

17、y families in perfect homes. (動)特定，突出我們的雜志突出刊登滿面春風的名人和美滿幸福的家庭。(04-01) Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.(名)特點，特征它的特點是互動，允許訪問者自定求職要求諸如工作地 點、職位和薪水，當資料庫里出現與個人要求相匹配的工

18、作崗位時 它就會通過電子郵件通知求職者。(98-05) The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined.(名)特點，特征但互相吻合的海岸線和某些似乎跨越海洋的地質特征會 使人想到這兩個大陸曾經是連在一起的。Figuren.外形，輪廓，體形 圖形，畫像 數字 名人，人物， 身份雕像vt.認為 出現,考慮，計算(figure out)(07-02) It

19、 s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.(動)計算有些問題連一些最杰出的詩人和哲學家都難以回答，但是想象物體和計算數字模式的能力卻能使人找出答案，其中原因并不為人所知。(06-03) Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conser

20、vative.(名)數字Worm博士承認這些數字還只是保守數字（05-04） American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift.（名）人物美國人已不再期待公眾人物在演講或寫作中能運用技巧 和文采來駕馭英語。（98-04） As a result, Californias growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to percent - little more

21、 than two-thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.（名）數字結果，加利福尼亞的人口增長率在70年代降到了 略高于60年代增長數字的2/3,但大大低于西部其他各州。Issuen.出版，發(fā)行 （報刊等）期、號 問題，事件 （水，血等的） 流出v.發(fā)行，流出 發(fā)行（鈔票等），發(fā)布（命令），出版（書等）（07-04）“Setting the proper investment level for security,redundancy, and recovery is

22、 a management issue, not a technical one, he says.（名）問題他表示為安全、備份以及恢復確定適當的投資標準是一 個管理問題，不是技術問題?！保?6-01） Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. （名） 問題在美國是否存在分裂的問題和高漲的憤怒？答案是肯定的，因為這個國家足夠大以至于什么現象都存在。（99-01） At the same time

23、, the American Law Institute - a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. （動） 發(fā)行，發(fā)布與此同時，美國法學會一一該學會由

24、一群舉足輕重的法官、 律師、學者所組成一一發(fā)布了新的民事侵害法綱要，宣布公司不必警示顧客那些顯而易見的危險，或者給顧客列出一份冗長的可能造成的危險的清單。(94-02) One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card.(動)發(fā)行億美國人的手中至少持有一張銀行發(fā)行的信用卡。Noten.筆記 注解，注釋 票據 紙幣 音符涵義，暗示v.注意到，指出記錄(07-02) Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analyti

25、cal and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.(動)注意到，指出Sternberg指出，傳統(tǒng)的測試最恰當地評估了分析能力和語 言表達能力，但沒有測量創(chuàng)造性和實際知識，這些也是解決問題和 在生活中取得成功的關鍵因素。(00-03) But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a

26、certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge (名) 注解但是讀到一句描寫戰(zhàn)斗的詩行的注解時，則令人有點生 厭，注解中說該詩描寫了一名土耳其軍官和一名保加利亞軍官在一 座橋上發(fā)生的搏斗(00-05) There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves rid

27、ing on them.(名)涵義，暗示這其中有著濃厚的虛偽色彩，恰如馬跑后再關上馬廄的門那樣，受過良好教育的人自己正騎在那些馬背上?？佳杏⒄Z閱讀常見熟詞僻義address, diet, cause, novel, realize, stop, sound, firm, might, weather, panel, keep, promise, buy, catch, game, slip, tap, ground, lean, anchor, chair, nature, spell, stress, trust, policyAddress熟義：n.地址僻義：v.向致辭，演說(02-01)

28、 Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.根據與你談話的不同對象，問題也有所不同Diet熟義：n.飲食習慣僻義：n.減肥,瘦身；議會(00-01) American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted.美國的工業(yè)已經改變了結構，學會了明智Cause熟義：n./v.原因，導致 僻義：n.事業(yè)，理想，目標(03-02) One such cause now

29、seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.一個這樣的事業(yè)現在正在尋求終止生物醫(yī)學的研究，因為有這樣一種理論說，動物享有權利禁止它們被用于實驗。Novel熟義：n.小說 僻義：adj.新穎的(00-03)(第 60 題題干)When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to determine its purposes當一種新的文學理念出現時，人們應該試

30、著去了解它的意圖。Realize熟義：v.意識到 僻義：v.實現，發(fā)揮(03-04) Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm have a duty to die and get out of the way, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.據說，Colorado州前州長Richard Lamm曾經說，老年多病者 宥 責任死去和讓位工以讓更年輕、更健康的人們去發(fā)揮他們

31、的潛能。Stop熟義：n./v.停止僻義：n.句號(00-03) We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，擺脫句號，修飾性形容詞及限定 動詞的羈絆。Sound熟義n.聲音，語音，噪音 v.聽起來僻義adj.健全的，合理的，有效徹底的，健康的 (sound and safe:安然無恙)(05-02) If we are ever going to protect the atmosp

32、here, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.如果我們準備保護大氣，關鍵要讓這些新發(fā)電廠對環(huán)境無害。Firm熟義adj.結實的，穩(wěn)固的僻義n.公司，商號(07-04) Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray.直到加利福尼亞最近通過了一項法律，美國的公司不必告知任何人信息何時泄露，甚至包括受害人。(04-0

33、2) It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.人們早已知道在客戶翻閱電話簿時，名叫 AAAA的出租汽車 公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有很大的優(yōu)越性。(01-04) This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of

34、national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.這個現象造成了人們對小型企業(yè)和民族資本的作用以及世界 經濟的最終穩(wěn)定的嚴重憂慮。Might熟義 may的過去式僻義n.力量，威權(with mightand main:盡全力)(01-04) The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.這個浪潮從異?；钴S的美國席卷到歐洲，

35、并以不可比擬的威力影響到正在崛起的國家。Weather熟義：n.天氣 僻義：v.經受風雨，度過難關(07-03) This “addwdrker effect “ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.這種附加工人效應可以支持失業(yè)保險或殘疾保險所提供的保 障制度，以幫助家庭渡過困難時期。Panel熟義：n.儀表板，面板 僻義：n.專家小組(05-02) The latest was a pa

36、nel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.最近的行動是由白宮召集了 一批來自國家科學院的專家團，他們告訴我們，地球氣候毫無疑問正在變暖，而這個問題主要是人為 造成的(99-04) The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial quest

37、ion, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.然而，該小組尚未在一個關鍵問題上達成一致，即是否建議立 法機關把將私人資金用于克隆人的行為視為犯罪。Keep熟義：v.保持 僻義：n.生計(03-01) Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good informatio

38、n from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.當然公開來源的諜報活動的確有它的風險，因為很難區(qū)分正確與錯誤的信息。這正是 Straitford公司賺得生計的地方。Promise熟義：v./n.承諾 僻義：n.有希望，有前途(promising: (形)有希望的，有前途的)(04-04) Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to

39、 intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.Hofstadter說，掌握我們國家教育體系的人沾沾自喜地、霸氣十足地公然宣稱敵視才學，迫不及待地認同那些看來在才學方面最 無前途的孩子。”14)buy熟義：v.購買 僻義：v.聽信，認同(05-02) Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early

40、 graves.許多美國人相信了這些胡言亂語，在三十多年中，差不多有一 千萬煙民早早的進了墳墓。Catch熟義：v.抓住 僻義：n.捕獲，捕獲量(06-03) That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.這意味著可以捕獲更多的海洋生物，所以現在和過去的真正差距可能會比

41、之前在捕獲區(qū)記錄的數據所體現出的更糟糕。Game熟義：n.游戲，比賽 僻義：n.獵物(06-03) The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.但大部分的，成長緩慢的動物則成了狩獵的目標，并且很快被 狩獵到滅絕。Slip熟義：v.滑倒 僻義：n.紙片(07-03) Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle clas

42、s to newly poor in a few months.如今，一份解雇通知書、一個不利的診斷結果或者配偶的去世都可能在幾個月之內將一個家庭從穩(wěn)定的中產階層家庭降格成為 一個新貧困家庭。Tap熟義：v.輕拍，n.水龍頭，栓頭 僻義：v.開發(fā)(99-02) In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market.大約在網上交易的第一年當中，大部分業(yè)務活動都是圍繞著努力開發(fā)消費者市場來進行的。Ground熟義：n.地面，

43、僻義：n.根據，依據(on the ground that(03-03) Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. 鐵路公司對 被控”客戶進行區(qū)別對待的依據是，從長遠來看， 這樣做會降低所有人的成本。Lean熟義v.倚靠，傾斜僻義adj.瘦的，貧乏的，歉收的(06-02) They all seem to look alike (though they come from all ove

44、r) -lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre消瘦、率直、專注的臉龐，穿著牛仔褲和便鞋，吃著小圓面包， 在劇場外的石板上過夜，(03-01) Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin.Friedman只在奧斯汀市雇用了為數不多的雇員。其中的一些有軍事情報工作背景。Anchor熟義：n.錨 僻義

45、：n.主持人，主播(06-04) Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling.快餐食客、新聞主播、發(fā)短信的人，都在笑啊笑啊。Chair熟義：n.椅子 僻義：v./n.主持，主席(03-04) former surgeon general Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.前衛(wèi)生局醫(yī)務主任 Koop 80來歲還出任了一個互聯網公司的Nature熟義：n.自然 僻義：n.天性，本質，本性(human nature人性)(99-01) The jury

46、 agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury.陪審團也認為造成該運動員受傷的是這項運動本身的危險性， 而不是頭盔。24) Spell熟義：v.拼寫僻義：n. 一段時間(02-02) Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to co

47、py the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.雖然一開始在20世紀60年代和70年代有過一段樂觀的時期那時候仿佛晶體管電路和微處理器的發(fā)展將使他們在2010年能夠模仿人類大腦的活動 但是最近研究人員已經開始將這個 預測延后數十年，甚至數百年。Stress熟義：n.壓力 僻義：v.強調(00-04) While often praised by foreigners for it

48、s emphasis on the basics, Japaneseeducation tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression.雖然日本的教育因強調基礎知識而經常受到外國人的贊揚，但是它往往強調考試和機械學習，而不重視創(chuàng)造性和自我表現。Trust熟義：n./v.信任，信賴 僻義：n.托拉斯(公司形式)(01-04) Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could

49、re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the US, when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.但是很難想像當今的幾個石油公司的合并是否會重新造成約100年前美國標準石油公司對競爭造成的同樣的威脅，那時由于人 們對該公司的這種擔心而導致了它最終的解散。Policy熟義：n.政策，方針 僻義：n.保險單（05-02） With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people wou

50、ld take out an insurance policy now.隨著風險越來越明顯，并且不斷增加，一個謹慎的民族現在應 準備一份保單了。考研閱讀篇章和選項中常出現的成語及積累Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水又t收（作無益的后悔是沒有用的）2： More haste, less speed.欲速則不達Look before you leap.三思而后行He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后才是最美Faith will move mountains.愚公移山One reaps what one sows. / As

51、you saw, so shall you reap. 種 瓜得瓜，種豆得豆： Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧Like father, like son.有其父必有其子It never rains but it pours. 禍不單行One swallow doesn t make a summerr燕不成夏（可以用 來勸告別人，不要對某事過于樂觀；不要因為出現一些良好的現象 就十分興奮，要保持謹慎；也不要因為開始的現象好，就以為一定 會有一個成功的結局。）A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.二鳥在林不如一鳥在手（到手的才實在）Actions speak louder than words.事實勝于雄辯Love me, love my dog.愛屋及烏Seeing is believing. 百聞不如一見A slow sparrow should make an early start.笨鳥先飛No discord, no concord.不打不成交E