Unit汽車專業(yè)英語(發(fā)動機)課件

1、Unit 2-1Main Components of Engine 第1頁，共50頁。ContentsPre-questionsII. Text ExplanationIII. Exercises第2頁，共50頁。Pre-questionsThe heart of automobile第3頁，共50頁。What impression of the engine?complicated powerPre-questions第4頁，共50頁。What are the types of the engine?electric motors, steam engines, and internal c

2、ombustion engines Whats the internal combustion engine? burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.Pre-questions第5頁，共50頁。Words & phrasesIntake manifold mnfld 進氣管throttle rt()l valve vlv 節(jié)氣門Cylinder slnd head cover 氣

3、缸蓋罩Distributor dstrbjt 分電器Cylinder cover 氣缸蓋Vent-pipe ventpaip 排氣管Cylinder block 氣缸體Spark plug plg 火花塞timing driving room cover 正時傳動室蓋Timing belt 正時齒輪帶第6頁，共50頁。Words & phrasesCamshaft kmft 凸輪軸Cam pulleypl 凸輪帶輪Crankshaft krkft 曲軸Crankshaft timing belt gear wheel 曲軸正時齒形帶輪Flywheel 飛輪Water jacket 水套Pist

4、on pst()n 活塞Sump smp 油底殼Mechanismmek()nz()m 機械裝置，原理Connecting rod 連桿lubricating lu:brikeiti system 潤滑系統(tǒng)第7頁，共50頁。Single-cylinder enginecylinderpistonPiston pinConnecting rodcrankshaftOil pipeIntake valveExhaust valve Timing gearOil pump第8頁，共50頁。what is the power source of automobile and how to produc

5、e?piston piston pin connecting rod crankshaft EnginePower is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft, which changes it into rotary motion. Pre-questions第9頁，共50頁。The engine comprises two mechanism and

6、 five systems, what are they ?crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism（曲軸連桿裝置）, valve gear (閥動裝置）, cooling system, lubricating system, fuel system, starting system, ignition system Pre-questions第10頁，共50頁。9connecting rodflywheelcrankshaftpistonintake valveexhaust valvepush rodtappettiming gears Valve

7、gear Connecting rod 第11頁，共50頁。Engine cooling system第12頁，共50頁。Engine lubricating system第13頁，共50頁。Fuel supply system第14頁，共50頁。Valve gear第15頁，共50頁。pistoncrankshaftdistributorsumptiming gearcrankshaft and connecting rod mechanismvalve gearfuel systemSpark plugexhaust manifoldIII. ExercisesTranslate the

8、following expressions into Chinese.活塞曲軸分電器油底殼正時齒輪曲柄連桿機構(gòu)配氣機構(gòu)燃油系統(tǒng)火花塞排氣歧管第16頁，共50頁。1-cylinder head cover 2-piston3-timing belt4-water pump5-sump6-oil pump7-crankshaft8-flywheel9-distributor10-valveIII. Exercises第17頁，共50頁。Reading How an Engine WorksThe internal combustion engine, as its name indicates,

9、burns fuel within the cylinders and converts expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be classified into four stages, or stroke. “stroke” refers to piston movement; a stroke occurs when the piston moves from o

10、ne limiting position to the other. propel prpel v. 推動，驅(qū)動limiting position 極限位置第18頁，共50頁。The internal combustion engine, as its name indicates, burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.譯文：內(nèi)燃機，顧名思義，就是燃料在氣缸內(nèi)部燃燒，并且把燃燒

11、時的膨脹力轉(zhuǎn)化為驅(qū)動車輛的旋轉(zhuǎn)力。II. Text Explanation第19頁，共50頁。Co.轉(zhuǎn)變；變換That building has been converted into a school. 那座樓房改成學(xué)校了。兌換 I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars. 我想把一些港元換成美元。改變信仰、黨派或意見等 She managed to convert him to her opinion. 她終于設(shè)法說服了他接受她的意見。II. Text Explanation第20頁，共5

12、0頁。Reading How an Engine Works. The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be classified into four stages, or stroke.發(fā)動機氣缸內(nèi)的工作過程可以分為四個過程或沖程。第21頁，共50頁。be classified into.分類為、被分成Memory canbe classified intoshort-term and long-term memory.記憶可分為長期記憶和短期記憶。II. Text Explanation第22頁，共50頁。Reading Ho

13、w an Engine Works“Stroke” refers to piston movement; a stroke occurs when the piston moves from one limiting position to the other. “沖程”指的是活塞的運動。當活塞從一個極限位置移動到另一個極限位置，即完成了一次沖程。第23頁，共50頁。Reading The upper limit of piston movement is called TDC(top dead center). The lower limit of piston movement is ca

14、lled BDC(bottom dead center). A stroke is piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. 活塞運動的上極限位置被稱為TDC（上止點）?；钊南聵O限位置被稱為BDC（下止點）。一個沖程是指活塞從上止點運動到下止點或者從下止點運動到上止點。第24頁，共50頁。Reading In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion.換句話說，活塞每完成一次沖程就會改變運動方向。第

15、25頁，共50頁。In other words In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 換句話說，它們相對的穩(wěn)定、靜止。 In other words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. 也就是說，我們堅持了科學(xué)社會主義第26頁，共50頁。Reading Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (or two crankshaft revolutions), the e

16、ngine is called a four-stroke-cycle engine. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power and exhaust.氣缸內(nèi)的全部循環(huán)運動需要四沖程（或稱為二次曲軸轉(zhuǎn)動），這種發(fā)動機稱為四沖程循環(huán)發(fā)動機。活塞的四沖程分別為進氣行程、壓縮行程、做功行程和排氣行程。第27頁，共50頁。ReadingIntake stroke. On the intake stroke, the intake valve has opened, the piston is moving downward, and

17、 a mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is entering the cylinder through the valve port. The mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered to the cylinder by the fuel system and carburetor.Vaporized veprazd adj. 汽化的carburetor ,kbjret n. 汽化器第28頁，共50頁。ReadingOn the intake stroke, the intake valv

18、e has opened, the piston is moving downward, and a mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is entering the cylinder through the valve port. “在進氣行程中，進氣門打開，活塞向下移動，可燃混合氣通過進氣門進入氣缸。第29頁，共50頁。ReadingThe mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is delivered to the cylinder by the fuel system and carburetor.適當濃度

19、的可燃混合氣是由燃料系統(tǒng)和化油器提供的。第30頁，共50頁。Compression stroke. After the piston reaches BDC, or the lower limit of its travel. It begins to move upwards. As this happens, the intake valve closes. The exhaust valve is also closed, so that the cylinder is sealed. As the piston moves upward (pushed now by the revol

20、ving crankshaft and connecting rod), the air-fuel mixture is compressed to as little as one-tenth of its original volume, or even less. When the air-fuel mixture is compressed, not only does the pressure in the cylinder to up, but the temperature of the mixture also increases. revolving rvlv adj. 旋轉(zhuǎn)

21、的volumevljum n. 量第31頁，共50頁。After the piston reaches BDC, or the lower limit of its travel. It begins to move upwards. As this happens, the intake valve closes. The exhaust valve is also closed, so that the cylinder is sealed. 在活塞到達下止點時或者是活塞下限時，活塞開始向上運動。同時，進氣門關(guān)閉，排氣門也關(guān)閉，所以這時的汽缸是封閉的。第32頁，共50頁。As the pi

22、ston moves upward (pushed now by the revolving crankshaft and connecting rod), the air-fuel mixture is compressed to as little as one-tenth of its original volume, or even less. 當活塞向上運動時(這時是由轉(zhuǎn)動的曲軸和連桿推動活塞)，可燃混合氣被壓縮。當活塞到達上止點時，可燃混合氣被壓縮到有原體積的十分之下甚至更少。第33頁，共50頁。When the air-fuel mixture is compressed, no

23、t only does the pressure in the cylinder to up, but the temperature of the mixture also increases.當油氣混合燃料被壓縮時，不僅汽缸里的壓力上升，可燃混合氣的溫度也隨之增加了。第34頁，共50頁。第35頁，共50頁。Power stroke. As the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke, and electric spark is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system deliver

24、s a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark. The spark ignites the air-fuel mixture. It now begins to burn very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure increased to as much as 3-5MPa or even more. This terrific push against the piston forces it downward, and a power impul

25、se is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it.第36頁，共50頁。As the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke, and electric spark is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system deliver

26、s a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark. 當活塞到達壓縮行程的上止點時，火花塞產(chǎn)生電火花。電火花是由點火系統(tǒng)向火花塞提供高壓電脈沖而產(chǎn)生的。第37頁，共50頁。The spark ignites the air-fuel mixture. It now begins to burn very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure increased to as much as 3-5MPa or even more. 電火花點燃可燃混合氣。可燃混合氣

27、開始發(fā)生劇烈燃燒，氣缸內(nèi)壓力達到3-5兆帕，甚至更高。第38頁，共50頁。This terrific push against the piston forces it downward, and a power impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it.作用于活塞上強大的推動力推動活塞向下運動，并將這一推力通

28、過連桿傳到曲軸上的連桿軸頸上。因此，當活塞受壓向下運動時，推動曲軸轉(zhuǎn)動。第39頁，共50頁。Exhaust stroke. As the piston reaches BDC again, the exhaust valve opens. Now, as the piston moves up on the exhaust stroke, it forces the burned gases out of the cylinder through the exhaust-valve port. Then, when the piston reaches TDC, the exhaust val

29、ve closed and the intake valve opens. Now, a fresh charge of air-fuel mixture will be drawn into the cylinder as the piston moves down toward BDC.This four stroke cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to put the vehicle forward.第40頁，共50頁。As the piston reaches BDC again, the

30、exhaust valve opens. Now, as the piston moves up on the exhaust stroke, it forces the burned gases out of the cylinder through the exhaust-valve port. 當活塞再一次到達下止點時，排氣門打開。同時，活塞向上移動，把廢氣經(jīng)排氣門排出氣缸。第41頁，共50頁。Then, when the piston reaches TDC, the exhaust valve closed and the intake valve opens. Now, a fre

31、sh charge of air-fuel mixture will be drawn into the cylinder as the piston moves down toward BDC.隨后活塞達到上止點，排氣門關(guān)閉，進氣門打開。當活塞又一次向下移動到達下止點時，新鮮燃混合氣被吸入氣缸。第42頁，共50頁。This four stroke cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated again and again to put the vehicle forward.上述的四個行程又繼續(xù)重復(fù)，推進車輛前進。第43頁，共50頁。str

32、oke BDC TDC surge terrific crankpin intake strokeCompression stroke power stroke exhaust strokefresh charge行程，沖程；上止點；下止點；沖擊，脈動；了不起的，絕妙的；曲柄銷，連桿軸頸；吸氣沖程；壓縮沖程；做功沖程；排氣沖程；吸入的新鮮混合油氣第44頁，共50頁。I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1Engine is the power source of the automobile. Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.發(fā)動機是汽車的動力源.它通過汽缸內(nèi)的活塞線性運動產(chǎn)生的.2The